THE 

PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


OF 


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PHILADELPHIA 


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^ATISTICS- 


HISTaRICAL 

BIOGRAPHICAL 

STATISTICAL 


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Public  Schools  of  PniLflDELPHifl 


HISTORICAL,  BIOGRAPHICAL,  STATISTICAL 


JOHN  TREVOR  CU8TIS 


PHILADELPHIA: 

BURK  &  McFETRIDGE  CO., 

Publishers, 

306-308  Chestnut  Street, 

1807. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1897, 

by 

BuRK  &  McFktridge  Co., 

in  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at 

Washington,  D.  C. 


Preface 


This  work,  as  now  presented  to  the  pubHc, 
is  the  result  of  careful  research  and  laborious 
effort.  While  it  is  not  to  be  expected  that  it 
will  escape  criticism,  the  author  would  re- 
spectfully call  attention  to  the  fact  that  it 
fulfills  to  the  letter  the  promise  of  the  pros- 
pectus, which  was  so  highly  endorsed  when 
it  was  circulated  last  spring. 

It  has  been  extremely  difficult  to  obtain 
many  of  the  historical  facts  contained  herein. 
Tn  many  Sections  the  records  have  been  lost 
or  destroyed.  In  others  they  have  never  been 
properly  kept.  With  this  poor  Snd  insuffi- 
cient material  to  work  from,  we  have  with 
difficulty  compiled  the  necessary  facts,  except 
in  a  few  Sections,  where  we  have  been  sub- 
stantially aided  by  directors  and  others  in 
gathering  absolutely  essential  data. 

We  believe  that  the  method  adopted,  of 
giving  the  history  of  the  schools  under  differ- 
ent classifications,  is  a  wise  one.  In  the 
general  history  of  the  First  School  District  of 
Pennsylvania,  which  follows  the  introduction, 
we  have  not  gone  into  detail  concerning  the 
history  of  individual  schools,  but  have  re- 
served such  for  subsequent  chapters. 

In  compiling  this  work  we  have  not 
^deemed  it  within  our  province  to  make  per- 
gonal comment  upon  men  or  events.     It  has 


been  the  aim  to  present  facts  and  not  to  ad- 
vance opinions. 

For  assistance  in  gathering  the  facts  in- 
cluded in  this  book  our  acknowledgments 
are  due  to  many  persons.  Among  those  to 
whom  we  are  especially  indebted  are  Mr. 
Henry  W.  Halliwell,  Secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education  ;  Dr.  Edward  Brooks, 
Superintendent  of  Schools  ;  Prof.  George  W. 
Fetter,  ex-Principal  of  the  Girls'  High 
School;  Mr.  George  H.  Cliff,  Principal  of  the 
Philadelphia  Normal  School  for  Girls,  and 
Harry  S.  Hopper,  Esq.,  Historian  of  the  Asso- 
ciated Alumni  of  the  Central  High  School. 

Our  warmest  acknowledgments  are  due  to 
our  most  esteemed  friend,  Mr.  Joseph  D. 
Murphy,  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education, 
but  for  whose  encouragement  and  practical 
assistance  we  should  probably  never  have 
undertaken  this  work.  It  is  no  mere  figure 
of  speech  to  add  that  we  cannot  find  words 
with  which  to  adequately  express  our  appre- 
ciation of  his  friendly  offices. 

To  all  our  friends  who  have  given  us  assist- 
ance or  encouragement  in  the  preparation 
of  this  work,  we  extend  our  hearty  thanks. 

JOHN  TREVOR  CUSTIS. 
February  i,  1897. 


M17G622 


Introduction 


It  seems  strange  that  with  the  expansion  of 
educational  thought,  and  the  marvelous  de- 
velopment of  our  public  school  system,  there 
have  not  before  been  collated  such  facts  as 
this  volume  now  gives  to  the  public.  That 
a  history  of  the  public  schools  of  the  first  city 
in  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  has 
long  been  needed  is  evidenced  by  the  state- 
ments made  by  members  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Education,  who,  in  letters  of  endorse- 
ment printed  in  the  prospectus  of  this  work, 
have  stated  that  it  was  only  by  giving  much 
time  and  efifort  to  the  task  that  they  have 
been  able  to  obtain  data  for  their  own  use  and 
that  of  their  committees. 

It  is  highly  gratifying  to  know  that  the 
wide  dissemination  of  information,  historical 
and  otherwise,  regarding  our  public  schools 
is  now  not  only  a  possibility,  but  an  assured 
fact.  Every  Philadelphian  may  well  be  proud 
of  our  public  schools,  and  in  telling  the  world 
of  their  development  and  status  we  are  telling 
a  story  of  the  greatness  of  our  city.  Nor  can 
too  high  an  estimate  be  placed  on  the  impor- 
tance of  impressing  upon  our  own  citizens  the 
ever-increasing  usefulness  of  our  public 
schools.  For,  strange  as  it  may  seem,  there 
are  many  who  apparently  do  not  realize  the 
completeness  and  excellence  of  our  educa- 
tional facilities. 

Comparatively  few  of  our  citizens  under- 
stand the  details  of  the  administration  of  our 
public  school  system,  and  fewer  still  realize 
the  vastness  of  the  work  which  devolves  upon 


those  who  are  engaged  in  educating  the 
youth  of  our  city,  and  in  thus  laying  the 
foundations  upon  which  shall  be  built  the 
structure  of  our  future  prosperity.  It  is  well 
that  the  time  has  come  when  a  better  concep- 
tion of  these  things  is  made  possible,  and  it 
is  with  the  greatest  pleasure  that  I  witness 
the  advent  of  this  work,  so  well  calculated  to 
fill  a  long  existing  need. 

I  trust  that  it  may  abundantly  fullill  the 
purposes  of  its  publication  and  that  it  may 
arouse  within  our  citizens  a  greater  pride  and 
a  deeper  interest  in  the  public  schools  of 
Philadelphia.  Further  than  this,  I  hope 
it  may  impress  each  reader  with  a 
sense  of  responsibility  touching  the  af- 
fairs of  public  education,  and  inspire  in  each 
a  greater  solicitude  for  the  welfare  of  the  chil- 
dren of  to-day,  who  are  to  be  the  men  and 
women  of  the  future. 

If  these  ends  shall  be  accomplished  they 
will  be  amply  repaid  whose  painstaking  labor 
has  resulted  in  the  publication  of  this  work, 
while  we  who  labor  for  education  shall  enter 
upon  the  twentieth  century  with  brighter 
prospects  of  success,  because  of  the  added 
encouragement  which  we  shall  thus  receive. 


Superintendent  of  Public  Schools. 


History  of  the  First  School  District  of 
Pennsylvania 


The  history  of  the  First  School  District  of 
Pennsylvania  dates  back  to  the  year  1818, 
when  it  was  organized  by  an  Act  of  Legisla- 
ture, and  the  first  free  schools  were  estab- 
lished. These  early  schools  were  not  public 
schools,  however.  They  were  solely  for  the 
instruction  of  children  of  the  indigent.  The 
free  school  system  of  that  day  must  not 
be  confounded  with  the  public  school  system 
of  the  present,  which  is  maintained  at  great 
cost  by  the  citizens  themselves  for  the  educa- 
tion of  their  children. 

Prior  to  the  year  1818  meagre  provision 
was  made  by  the  State  for  the  education  of 
its  youth.  The  principal  schools  were  pri- 
vate, endowed  institutions,  which  admitted  a 
limited  number  of  indigent  pupils  free  of 
cost.  Some  of  these  private  schools  were  not 
unimportant  factors  in  the  history  of  educa- 
tion in  Philadelphia,  being  the  stepping 
stones  to  the  adoption  of  a  system  of  public 
schools.  The  establishment  of  the  Friends' 
Public  School,  now  the  William  Penn  Charter 
School,  Twelfth  street,  below  Market,  is 
generally  considered  as  one  of  the  impor- 
tant steps  leading  up  to  the  establishment  of 
the  public  school  system.  It  was  opened  in 
1689  ^^^d  chartered  in  1697.  It  was  con- 
ducted by  Quaker  citizens,  but  received  chil- 
dren of  every  creed,  giving  gratuitous  instruc- 
tion, elementary  and  higher,  to  all  indigent 
children  willing  to  receive  it. 

Another  private  institution  deserving  of 
mention  was  the  "  Academy  and  Charitablt; 
School  of    the    Province  of    Pennsylvania," 


which  was  the  nucleus  from  which  the  great 
University  of  Pennsylvania  was  developed. 
This  academy  was  organized  by  a  Board  of 
Trustees,  of  which  Benjamin  Franklin  was 
president,  and  was  chartered  in  1753.  The 
charity  school  was  under  the  same  manage- 
ment, and  in  it  the  children  of  the  poor  were 
educated  free  of  cost. 

CONSTITUTIONAL    PROVISION  FOR 
FREE  SCHOOLS. 

The  convention  which  revised  the  State 
Constitution  in  1789-90,  amended  the  article 
which  provided  for  the  establishment  of  free 
schools,  in  which  it  was  stated  that  the 
masters  were  to  be  paid  stich  salaries  as  should 
"  enable  them  to  teach  at  low  prices,"  to  read 
as  follows  : — 

"The  Legislature  shall,  as  soon  as  conven- 
iently may  be,  provide  by  law  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  schools  throughout  the  State,  in 
such  a  manner  that  the  poor  may  be  taught 
gratis." 

LEGISLATION  FOR  FREE 
EDUCATION. 

The  Constitution  of  1838  contained  a 
similar  article,  and  this  was  the  only  constitu- 
tional provision  for  free  education  up  to  the 
year  1873. 

With  this  as  a  basis  a  number  of  Acts  of 
Legislature  were  passed  prior  to  1818,  provid- 
ing for  the  education  of  poor  children  at  the 
public  expense  in  existing  schools.  The 
broadest    of    these    acts    was    that    of    1809, 


A\hicliw^s  supplemented,  in  1812,  with  a  pro- 
vision which  gave  the  County  Commissioners 
power  to  erect  and  establish  schools  under 
the  direction  of  Councils. 

In  the  meantime  the  private  and  charity 
schools,  including  Sunday  schools,  in  which 
children  who  worked  during  the  week  were 
given  secular  as  well  as  religious  instruction 
on  Sunday,  increased  in  number.  Schools 
were  also  organized  by  the  various  churches. 

INCEPTION  OF  THE  LANCASTERIAN 
SYSTEM. 

A  few  years  before  the  law  was  passed 
which  provided  for  the  organization  of  the 
First  School  District  of  Pennsylvania,  the 
Lancasterian  System  was  introduced  into 
some  of  the  private  schools  of  the  city.  The 
system  took  its  name  from  Joseph  Lancaster, 
who  established  it  in  England  at  the  close  of 
the  last  century. 

Joseph  Lancaster  was  born  in  London, 
November  2^,  1778.  He  organized  a  school 
in  1798,  and  as  neither  he  nor  the  parents  of 
his  pupils  could  afiford  to  employ  a  sufficient 
number  of  teachers  to  assist  him,  he  conceived 
the  plan  of  making  certain  of  the  pupils  moni- 
tors to  instruct  other  pupils.  By  this  plan 
one  master  supervised  an  entire  school. 

A  LANCASTERIAN  SCHOOL 
ROOM. 

The  accompanying  illustration  showing  the 
inside  view  of  a  Lancasterian  school  is  taken 
from  Wickersham's  "History  of  Education  in 
Pennsylvania,"  as  is  also  the  following  ex- 
planation of  the  cut: — 

"The  room  represented  in  the  engraving  is 
a  Lancasterian  school  room,  designed  to  ac- 
commodate four  hundred  and  fifty  pupils, 
divided  into  three  classes,  each  class  consist- 
ing of  three  sections.  The  dotted  lines  rep- 
resent curtains  or  movable  partitions,  sepa- 
rating the  room  into  three  divisions.  These 
divisions  consist  of  a  gallery,  with  the  seats  so 
arranged  that  those  behind  are  higher  than 


those  in  front,  for  oral  class  or  collective  in- 
struction; desks  for  writing,  drawmg,  etc.,  and 
drafts,  semi-elliptical  forms,  marked  on  the 
floor,  around  which  the  pupils  stand  to  receive 
instruction  from  the  monitors.  From  the 
teacher's  platform  at  one  end  of  the  room, 
when  the  curtains  are  drawn,  the  whole  school 
can  be  overlooked.  The  figures  i,  2  and  3 
represent  the  position  of  the  first  class  divided 
into  sections.  A,  B  and  C.  The  sections  re- 
cite simultaneously,  and  the  arrows  indicate 


4.3        t+6        t+d       t 


u 

X)  u 

/  * 

u 


X 


INSmE  VIEW  OF  A  LANCASTERIAN  SCHOOL  ROOM 

how  the  pupils  change  places  at  given  inter- 
vals. The  figures  4,  5  and  6,  and  7,  8  and  9, 
indicate  in  a  similar  way  the  position  of  the 
other  classes  and  sections.  The  monitors 
stand  at  the  open  ends  of  the  'drafts,'  and  each 
has  charge  at  one  time  of  about  fifteen 
pupils." 

Many  schools  conducted  on  the  Lancas- 
terian plan  were  established  under  the  con- 
trol and  management  of  Lancasterian  socie- 
ties, organized  by  the  disciples  of  Lancaster. 
This  system  was  introduced  into  American 
schools  during  the  first  decade  of  the  present 
century,  and  was  adopted  by  manv  of  the 


charity    schools   in    Philadelphia    before    the 
public  schools  were  opened. 

A  FAMOUS  SOCIETY'S  WORK. 

An  organization  in  Philadelphia  known  as 
the  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Public 
Economy,  which  aimed  to  ameliorate  the  con- 
dition of  the  poorer  classes,  appointed,  in 
1816,  a  committee  on  public  schools,  of  which 
Roberts  Vaux  was  made  chairman.  This 
committee  inquired  into  the  workings  of  the 
Lancasterian  system  and  was  largely  instru- 
mental in  securing  the  passage  of  the  law  of 
1818. 

While  the  law  of  1809,  with  its  supplement 
of  1812,  authorized  the  erection  and  establish- 
ment of  schools,  it  was  not  until  after  the  pas- 
sage of  the  law  of  1818  that  buildings  exclu- 
sively for  free  schools  were  actually  erected, 
under  the  direction  of  a  Board  of  Control. 
The  laws  of  previous  dates  simply  paved  the 
way  for  the  important  legislation  of  18 18 
just  as  this  act  was  in  turn  the  forerunner  of 
the  school  laws  on  which  the  present  system 
is  based. 

CHARACTER  OF  THE  EARLY 
SCHOOLS. 

Let  it  not  be  supposed  that  the  schools  of 
1818  were  public  schools  in  the  present  sense 
of  the  term.  There  were  no  public  schools, 
open  to  the  rich  and  poor  alike,  until  after  the 
law  was  amended  in  1836.  So  great  is  the 
chstinction  and  so  odious  has  become  the  idea 
of  free  schools  that  the  latter  name,  which  is 
frequently  misapplied  to  the  public  schools  of 
the  present  day,  is  warmly  repudiated  by  the 
leaders  in  public  school  control. 

THE  ACT  OF  1818. 

By  the  Act  of  March  6,  1818,  "for  the  edu- 
cation of  children  at  public  expense,  within 
the  City  and  County  of  Philadelphia,"  the  city 
and  county  were  to  be  known  as  the  First 
School  District  of  Pennsylvania.  The  Dis- 
trict was  divided  into  four  Sections,  as  fol- 
lows: First  Section,  the  city  proper;  Second, 


Northern  Liberties  and  Kensington;  Third, 
Moyamensing  and  Passyunk;  Fourth,  Penn 
Township. 

City  Councils  were  empowered  to  elect 
twenty-four  directors,  the  Commissioners  of 
Northern  Liberties  twelve  directors,  and  the 
Commissioners  of  Southwark,  Moyamensing 
and  Spring  Garden  six  directors  each.  The 
directors  thus  chosen  were  to  elect  one  out 
of  every  six  of  their  number  to  a  central 
board,  which  was  to  be  organized  under  the 
title,  ''The  Controllers  of  the  Public  Schools 
for  the  City  and  County  of  Philadelphia." 

POWER  OF  CONTROLLERS  AND 
DIRECTORS. 

The  Controllers  were  empowered  to  deter- 
mine the  number  and  limit  the  expense  of  the 
schools;  to  establish  a  Model  School  for  the 
purpose  of  qualifying  teachers  for  the  sec- 
tional schools  and  for  schools  in  other  parts 
of  the  State;  to  provide  suitable  books;  to 
have  the  superintendence  of  all  schools  in  the 
District  and  to  make  rules  for  their  own  gov- 
ernment and  for  the  District. 

The  directors  were  empowered  to  erect 
and  estabHsh  schools,  determined  upon  by  the 
Controllers;  to  appoint  teachers;  to  provide 
all  things  necessary  for  and  to  superintend 
the  schools;  to  meeet  at  least  monthly  and  to 
divide  themselves  into  as  many  committees 
as  there  were  schools.  They  were  to  report 
to  the  Controllers  the  state  of  the  schools 
every  six  months.  They  wxre  to  be  allowed 
no  compensation,  but  were  to  be  exempt  as 
jurors,  arbitrators  and  overseers  of  the  poor, 
and  from  miHtia  duty. 

LANCASTERIAN  SYSTEM 
INTRODUCED. 

The  adoption  of  the  Lancasterian  system 
was  provided  for  in  the  schools  of  the  First, 
Second,  Third  and  Fourth  Sections,  but  it  was 
deemed  inconvenient  for  the  townships  of  Ox- 
ford, Byberry,  Moreland,  Lower  Dublin,  Ger- 
mantown,  Bristol,  Roxborough,  Blockley  and 
Kingsess. 


THE  OUTLYING  SECTIONS. 

It  was  provided  that  the  townships  of 
Lower  DubHn,  Byberry  and  Moreland  were  to 
constitute  the  Fifth  Section,  and  the  Court  of 
Quarter  Sessions  was  empowered  to  appoint 
twelve  directors:  four  for  Oxford,  four  for 
Lower  Dublin  and  two  each  for  Byberry  and 
Moreland.  Germantown,  Bristol  and  Rox- 
borough  were  to  constitute  the  Sixth  Section, 
with  eight  directors:  four  for  Germantown 
and  two  each  for  Bristol  and  Roxborough. 
Blockley  and  Kingsess  were  to  form  the 
Seventh  Section,  with  five  directors:  three  for 
Blockley  and  two  for  Kingsess. 

Provision  was  made  for  the  establishment 
of  still  other  Sections  in  the  future,  through 
the  petition  of  taxpayers  to  the  Court  of 
Quarter  Sessions. 

In  the  Fifth,  Sixth  and  Seventh  Sections 
the  directors  were  empowered  to  superintend 
the  education  of  poor  children,  to  determine 
what  children  came  under  that  head,  and  to 
what  schools  they  should  be  sent.  Their 
powers  in  all  essential  respects  were  identical 
with  those  of  the  directors  of  the  first  four 
Sections. 

Provision  was  made  for  the  employment  of 
assessors,  when  required  by  Controllers  or  di- 
rectors, to  receive  the  names  of  all  indigent 
orphan  children  or  children  of  indigent 
parents.  The  list  was  to  include  only  boys 
between  six  and  fourteen  years  of  age  and 
girls  between  five  and  thirteen.  The  assessors 
were  to  inform  the  parents  or  guardians  that 
such  children  might  be  sent  to  school  free  of 
expense.  The  children  thus  returned,  if  ap- 
proved by  the  Controllers  or  directors,  were 
to  be  admitted  to  the  schools. 

BOARD  OF  CONTROL 
ORGANIZED. 

The  first  Board  of  Control  was  composed  of 
nine  of  the  representative  men  of  the  city. 
Roberts  Vaux,  Thomas  Stewardson,  Joseph 
Reed  and  William  Fry  represented  the  First 
Section;  George  Boyd  and  Peter  Keyser,  the 


Second  Section;  Ebenezer  Ferguson  and 
James  Ronaldson,  the  Third  Section,  and 
David  Woelpper,  the  Fourth  Section. 

The  Controllers  were  organized  April  6, 
1818,  and  elected  Roberts  Vaux  president. 
Willie  Birnie  was  chosen  secretary.  The 
headquarters  were  in  the  City  Hall.  The 
members  lost  no  time  in  entering  upon  their 
duties,  and  at  once  proceeded  to  establish 
and  open  schools  as  follows: — 

Adelphi  School,  Pegg's  street,  between 
Front  and  Second,  taught  by  John  Ely  and 
Eliza  Allison. 

Kensington  School,  taught  by  Joseph  Ket- 
ler  and  Jane  Proudfit. 

Moyamensing  School,  organized  in  Paul 
Beck's  School  House,  taught  by  Peter 
McGowan  and  Maria  Wilson. 

Southwark  School,  Commissioners'  Hall, 
Second  street  below  Queen,  taught  by  Samuet 
F.  Watson  and  Elizabeth  Millard. 

Spring  Garden  School,  Buttonwood  Lane,, 
taught  by  Moses  Taylor. 

MODEL  SCHOOL  OPENED. 

A  Model  School  was  next  organized  on 
Chester  street  above  Race,  and  was  opened 
December  21,  1818.  It  was  placed  under  the 
charge  of  Joseph  Lancaster,  who  had  been  in- 
vited here  to  assist  in  operating  the  schools 
under  his  own  system.  The  Model  School 
building  was  the  first  school-house  erected 
by  the  Board  of  Control. 

THE  FIRST  YEAR. 

At  the  close  of  the  first  year  the  total  num- 
ber of  pupils  in  the  schools  was  2,845,  ^i 
whom  1,507  were  boys  and  1,338  were  girls. 
Both  boys  and  girls  were  instructed  in  read- 
ing, writing  and  arithmetic,  and  the  girls  were 
also  given  instruction  in  needle  work.  The 
schools  were  visited  regularly  by  the  Control- 
lers and  directors,  who  in  their  reports  ex- 
pressed themselves  satisfied  with  the  order 
maintained  and  the  evident  moral  influence  of 
the  schools. 


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While  they  made  an  excellent  beginning  it 
must  not  be  supposed  that  the  Controllers 
entered  upon  their  duties  without  a  great  deal 
of  difficulty.  They  had  not  the  popular  sym- 
pathy and  encouragement  which  is  given  to 
their  latter-day  successors.  President  Vaux 
spoke  of  the  Controllers  and  their  work  in 
his  first  annual  report  as  follows: — 

"They  entered  upon  the  discharge  of  their 
official  duties  at  a  period  and  under  circum- 
stances by  no  means  propitious  to  the  experi- 
ment contemplated  to  be  made  in  the  new 
system  of  free  public  education.  For  nearly 
ten  years  previous  to  the  enaction  of  the  law 


ROBERTS  VAUX. 

under  which  they  are  organized,  several  well- 
intended  but  inadequate  and  unsuccessful 
legislative  provisions  had  been  applied  to  this 
district  for  the  free  instruction  of  indigent 
children.  It  was  natural,  in  so  far  as  the 
public  mind  had  become  familiar  with  the  in- 
efficiency and  expensiveness  of  the  plans 
formerly  adopted,  that  doubts  of  the  success 
and  want  of  confidence  in  any  untried  scheme 
should  be  manifest,  whilst  unworthy  jealous- 
ies and  illiberal  prejudices  did  not  fail  to 
cast  their  influence  into  the  scale  against  this 
efifort  to  produce  reform. 


"With  these  combined  objections  and  diffi- 
culties to  encounter,  the  Controllers  began 
their  labors,  without  (they  confess)  the  ani- 
mating expectation  that  in  so  short  a  space 
of  time  they  would  have  been  enabled  to  over- 
come them.  Yet  such  is  the  gratifying  re- 
sult." 

SCHOOL   DIRECTORS    OF    1818. 

The  directors,  besides  those  who  were 
chosen  to  constitute  the  Board  of  Control 
above  named,  were : — 

First  Section — 

Robert  Wharton, 
Jonah  Thompson, 
John  Sergeant, 
Clement  C.  Biddle, 
Joseph  M.  Paul, 
Daniel  B.  Smith, 
Thomas  F.  Leaming, 
Rev.  Philip  H.  Mayer, 
Jonathan  Fell, 
Daniel  H.  Miller, 
William  Ashbridge, 
Richard  C.  Wood, 
William  J.  Duane, 
Robert  M,  Lewis, 
Joseph  Cloud, 
Thomas  Latimer. 
Reuben  Haines, 
WiUiam  Smith, 
Rev.  D.  Neil, 
John  Claxton. 

Second  Section — 

John  E.  Brown, 
Jesse  Cleaver, 
John  Kessler, 
William  Binder, 
Jacob  G.  Tryon, 
George  F.  Goodman, 
George  Knorr, 
John  Harrison, 
Jacob  Johnson, 
James  S.  Stuber. 


Third  Section — 

Benjamin  Martin, 
Robert  M'Mullin,  Jr., 
George  C.  Snyder, 
George  M'Leod, 
John  Turner, 
Daniel  Guiry, 
Thomas  Dixey, 
James  M'Cam, 
Joshua  Raybold, 
John  Lesher. 

Fourth  Section — 

William  Warner, 
Georgfe  Esher, 
George  Lautenslager, 
Martin  Ludie, 
Joseph  B.  Norbury, 

The  directors  appointed  by  the  Court  of 
Quarter  Sessions  for  the  outlying  Sections 
were : — 

Fifth  Section — 

John  Keen, 
John  Lardner, 
Nathan  Harper, 
Abraham  Duffield, 
Joshua  Jones, 
Samuel  Swift, 
William  Maghee, 
Benjamin  Walmsley, 
James  Paul, 
James  Thornton, 
Edward  Duffield, 
Jacob  Shearer. 

Sixth  Section — 

Samuel  Harvey, 
Samuel  Johnson, 
Joseph  Bockius, 
William  Keyser, 
John  M.  Williams, 
Dr.  George  DeBenneville, 
Horatio  G.  Jones, 
Peter  Robinson. 


Seventh  Section — 

Samuel  Breck, 
Nathan  Jones, 
Joseph  George, 
William  Hill, 
James  Bartram. 

PROGRESS  OF  1819. 

During  the  year  18 19  it  became  necessary 
to  procure  lots  and  erect  two  new  buildings, 
one  on  Lombard  street  for  the  children  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  city  and  the  other  for  the 
pupils  in  Kensington  and  part  of  the  District 
of  Northern  Liberties.  By  the  close  of  the 
year  the  total  number  of  pupils  had  reached 
3,268,  an  increase  of  423  over  the  preceding 
year. 

CONTEMPT  FOR  "CHARITY 
SCHOOLS." 

But  already  the  general  contempt  in  which 
the  "charity  schools,"  as  they  were  called, 
were  held,  began  to  make  its  influence  felt. 
An  effort  was  made  by  President  Roberts 
Vaux,  in  his  second  annual  report,  to  smooth 
away  this  unpleasant  conception.  He  said: 
"Individual  admonition  to  parents  on  the 
utility  of  sending  their  children  to  school,  as 
well  as  endeavoring  to  remove  from  their 
minds  any  prejudice  which  the  illiberal  and  in- 
terested may  attempt  to  produce,  by  asserting 
that  the  establishments  under  the  law  of  the 
State  are  merely  a  reluctant  charity,  would 
essentially  aid  the  important  work.  A  just 
conception  of  the  design  of  the  constitution 
and  of  the  aims  of  philanthropy  would  rather 
authorize  the  opinion,  that  in  making  this 
wise  provision  for  education  it  was  intended 
to  gather  every  indigent  child  under  the 
parental  wing  and  genial  care  of  the  Com- 
monwealth." 

In  subsequent  reports  President  Vaux  re- 
ferred again  and  again  to  this  subject,  show- 
ing that  it  was  one  about  which  the  school 
Controllers  felt  greatly  concerned. 


Another  building  was  erected  in  Southwark 
in  1820  to  accommodate  the  rapidly  in- 
creasing number  of  pupils.  At  the  end  of 
this  year  the  number  in  the  public  schools  was 
5,369,  an  increase  of  2,101  over  the  preceding 
year.  But  there  was  a  great  falling  off  in 
attendance  in  182 1,  the  annual  statement  at 
the  close  of  the  year  showing  a  total  of  only 
2,969  pupils.  This  marked  decrease  in  at- 
tendance was  commented  upon  by  President 
Vaux  as  follows: — 

"Each  successive  year  confirms  the  utility 
of  the  mode  of  instruction  which  has  been 
adopted,  and  it  is  only  to  be  regretted  that 
many  parents  whose  children  might  be 
brought  under  its  auspices,  remain  regardless 
of  the  advantages  from  the  enjoyment  of 
which  they  criminally  withhold  their  offspring. 
*  *  *  Within  the  last  six  months  another 
cause  has  operated  to  lessen  the  number  of 
our  pupils.  The  increase  of  manufactories  in 
Philadelphia  and  its  vicinity  has  produced  a 
great  demand  for  the  labor  of  young  persons, 
and  has  consequently  withdrawn  many  chil- 
dren from  the  public  schools." 

COMPULSORY  EDUCATION 
FAVORED. 

Following  these  statements  was  the  first 
suggestion  on  record  that  education  be  made 
compulsory  in  Philadelphia.  It  reads  thus: 
"Without  wishing  to  interfere  with  subjects 
not  properly  within  the  sphere  of  its  office, 
the  Board  would  suggest  the  propriety  of 
adopting  such  legal  restraints  as  should  pre- 
vent the  employment  of  children  in  manufac- 
tories until  they  shall  have  had  an  oppor- 
tunity to  obtain  the  rudiments  of  education 
in  the  public  schools,  or  require  the  proprie- 
tors of  all  establishments  of  the  kind  alluded 
to,  to  furnish  moral  and  scholastic  instruction 
to  the  children  engaged  in  those  departments 
of  industry." 

COLORED    SCHOOL    ESTABLISHED. 

In  the  year  1822  the  Board  of  Control 
established  on  Mary  street,  in  the  First  Sec- 


tion, a  school  for  the  instruction  of  colored 
youth.  There  were  some  doubts  at  first  as 
to  the  propriety  and  even  as  to  the  legality  of 
this  step,  but  after  careful  consideration  the 
Controllers  decided  that  they  were  justified 
in  establishing  such  a  school.  It  opened  with 
over  two  hundred  pupils  and  proved  to  be  a 
great  success.  A  few  years  later  a  colored 
school  was  opened  in  Northern  Liberties. 

DEFECTS  IN  THE  SYSTEM. 

By  this  time  the  defects  in  the  Lancasterian 
system  were  becoming  more  apparent.  One 
of  the  worst  features  was  the  incompetency  of 
the  monitors.  Almost  as  soon  as  the  older 
pupils  were  fitted  to  teach  they  were  ready  to 
leave  the  schools,  having  completed  the 
course.  This  made  it  necessary  to  make 
monitors  of  pupils  who  were  not  qualified  to 
teach. 

With  a  view  to  improving  these  conditions, 
the  Controllers  tried  the  experiment  of  train- 
ing persons  in  the  Model  School  for  the  duties 
of  permanent  monitors  or  teachers.  The 
results  were  decidedly  satisfactory. 

INFANT   SCHOOLS   ESTABLISHED. 

The  establishment  oi  infant  schools,  out  of 
which  grew  the  prerent  system  of  primary 
schools,  was  authorized  by  an  Act  of  Legis- 
lature in  1828.*  The  idea  of  infant  schools 
was  not  a  new  one  when  the  Act  of  1828  was 
passed.  By  what  were  known  as  Infant 
School  Societies,  and,  in  some  cases,  by  pri- 
vate individuals,  schools  for  children  under  five 
years  of  age  had  previously  been  organized. 
The  teaching  in  these  schools,  however,  was 
principally  of  a  moral  and  religious  nature. 

The  good  results  thus  effected  led  to  an 
effort,  which  was  successful,  to  have  the 
infant  schools  incorporated  into  the  public 
school  svstem. 


* ' '  The  said  Controllers  be  and  they  are  hereby  authorized, 
when  they  shall  think  proper,  to  establish  schools  for  the 
instruction  of  children  under  five  years  of  age,  and  that  the 
money  expended  in  the  establishment  and  support  of  these 
schools  shall  be  provided  for  in  the  same  manner  as  now,  or 
shall  hereafter  be  directed  by  law,  with  respect  to  the  other 
public  schools."     From  the  Act  of  1828. 


Four  years  elapsed  before  the  Controllers 
took  any  action  under  this  act.  In  1832 
however,  they  established  a  Model  Infant 
School  in  one  room  set  apart  for  the  purpose 
in  the  Model  School  Building  on  Chester 
street.  The  school  was  placed  in  charge  of 
Anna  Maria  Williams. 

The  Controllers  were  so  much  gratified 
with  the  success  of  the  experiment  that  two 
years  later  they  opened  infant  schools  in 
rooms  designated  for  the  purpose  in  four  of 
the  other  schools,  and  these  led  the  way  to  the 
establishment,  in  1836,  of  no  less  than  thirty 
primary  schools. 

RESIGNATION   OF   ROBERTS  VAUX. 

The  latter  part  of  the  year  1831  was  marked 
by  the  resignation  of  Roberts  Vaux  as  presi- 
dent and  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Control. 
Mr.  Vaux  had  been  continued  as  president 
since  his  election  in  1818,  and  his  determina- 
tion to  give  place  to  some  one  else  was  re- 
ceived with  deep  regret  by  his  colleagues  in 
the  Board. 

THOMAS  DUNLAP  ELECTED 
PRESIDENT. 

A  successor  to  Mr.  Vaux  was  at  once 
chosen  in  the  person  of  Thomas  Dunlap,  who 
had  been  a  member  of  the  Board  since  1827, 
and  who  proved  most  ef^cient  in  the  office  of 
president. 

The  other  members  of  the  Board  of  Control 
at  the  time  of  Mr.  Dunlap's  election  were 
William  W.  Fisher,  John  Steele,  James 
Gowen,  Joseph  Warner,  John  Oakford, 
Morton  McMichael,  Jonathan  Thomas, 
Joseph  Bockius,  Evan  W.  Thomas,  Jr., 
Alexander  Parker  and  Charles  Norris. 

STEPHEN  GIRARD'S  BEQUEST. 

In  the  first  annual  report  of  President 
Dunlap  he  acknowledged  in  behalf  of  the 
Board  the  bequest  of  $10,000  made  to  the 
pubHc  schools  by  Stephen  Girard.  The 
money  was  invested  and  the  income  from  it 


or  a  part  thereof  is  now  used  each  year  by  the 
various  Sections  for  the  purchase  of  library 
books.  Girard  also  provided  in  his  will  for 
the  establishment  of  funds  to  procure  medals 
for  deserving  pupils. 

SCHOOLS  USED  AS  HOSPITALS. 

From  1832  to  1836  there  was  little  of  note, 
aside  from  the  erection  of  several  school  build- 
ings and  the  establishment  of  more  new 
schools.  During  the  summer  of  1832,  when 
yellow  fever  was  prevalent,  the  school-houses 
were  used  for  the  accommodation  and  relief 
of  the  sick. 

The  year  1836  marked  the  close  of  an 
epoch  in  the  history  of  the  public  schools. 
The  following  year  saw  the  opening  of  the 
schools  to  rich  and  poor  alike,  and  tin  aban- 
donment of  the  Lancasterian  system  of  in- 
struction, which  had  come  to  be  regarded  as 
extremely  faulty  and  even  pernicious. 

THE  SCHOOLS  OF  1836. 

As  a  matter  of  reference  the  following  list 
of  the  schools  existing  at  the  close  of  1836  is 
given : — 

Model  School. 
Model  Infant  School. 

First  Section — 

Locust?  Street  School. 
North  Western  School, 
North  Western  Infant  School, 
South  Eastern  School, 
South  Eastern  Infant  School, 
Lombard  Street  School  (colored). 
Schuylkill  School. 

Second  Section — 

Northern  Liberties  School, 
Apple  Street  School  (colored). 

Third  Section — 

Southwark  School, 
Second  Street  School. 


Fourth  Section — 

Penn  Township  School, 
Fairmount  School. 

Ninth  Section — 

Moyamensing  School, 
Moyamensing  Infant  School. 

Tenth  Section — 

Marlborough  Street  School, 
Master  Street  School, 
Master  Street  Infant  School, 

Twenty-six  Primary  Schools. 

Among  the  pre-existing  schools  not  in- 
cluded in  the  above  list  was  one  in  the  Sixth 
(Germantown)  Section,  and  the  Coates  Street 
School,  both  of  which  were  closed  in  1836. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  classification  in  the 
above  list  that  the  boundaries  of  the  Sections 
at  this  time  were  very  different  from  w^hat 
they  were  in  18 18,  when,  for  instance,  Moya- 
mensing was  included  in  the  Third  Section, 
and  all  but  four  Sections  were  outside  the  city 
proper.  There  were  also  a  great  many 
changes  in  the  personnel  of  the  Board  of  Con- 
trol and  the  various  Boards  of  Directors. 
Space  will  not  permit  an  enumeration  of  these 
changes. 

The  total  number  of  pupils  in  the  schools  in 
1836  was  7,127.  This  number  included  the 
2,500  pupils  in  the  twenty-six  primary  schools 
above  mentioned. 

SCHOOL  LAW  OF  1836. 

These  facts  bring  the  historian  to  the  tran- 
sition period  of  1836-7,  when  a  new  school  law 
went  into  efifect.  The  question  of  the  estab- 
lishment of  free  schools  for  all  the  children  of 
the  State  had  been  before  the  Legislature  for 
several  years.  A  free  school  law,  superior  in 
many  respects  to  all  former  legislation  of 
the  kind,  was  enacted  in  1834,  and  it  w^as  dur- 
ing a  hard  fight  in  the  Legislature  against 
the  repeal  of  this  law,  in  1835,  that  Thaddeus 


Stevens  made  his  reputation  as  a  friend  of  the 
free  schools. 

The  school  law  of  1836  was  passed  under 
the  title,  "An  Act  to  Consolidate  and  Amend 
the  Several  Acts  Relative  to  a  General  System 
of  Education  by  Common  Schools."  This 
was  not  a  supplement  to  the  law  of  1834,  as 
has  sometimes  been  stated,  although  consider- 
able material  from  the  latter  and  previous 
acts  of  Legislature  was  used  in  its  construc- 
tion. It  w^as  a  new  law  and  a  great  improve- 
ment over  all  previous  legislation  of  that  kind. 

The  Act  of  1836  may  be  regarded  as  the 
corner-stone  of  the  public  school  system. 
Indeed,  many  of  its  important  provisions  are 
still  in  force.     Regarding  the  formation  of 


THADDEUS  STEVENS. 

school  districts,  the  election  of  school  direct- 
ors and  their  powers  and  duties,  the  organiza- 
tion of  school  boards,  the  levying  and  collec- 
tion of  taxes  for  school  purposes,  and  the 
duties  of  the  State  Superintendent,  the  law 
is  substantially  the  same  now  as  under  the 
Act  of  1836. 

In  many  other  respects,  however,  this  act 
was  faulty,  as  experience  proved.  It  provided, 
among  other  things,  for  the  holding  of  elec- 
tions in  the  various  Districts  every  three  years, 
to  give  the  people  an  opportunity  t3  say  by 
vote  whether  there  should  be  schools  or  no 
schools  during  the  three  years  following.  It 
fixed  the  minimum  age  for  admission  to  the 
pubhc  schools  at  four  years. 


FOR  RICH  AND  POOR. 

What  especially  distinguished  the  Act  of 
1836,  and  stamped  it  as  an  admiralile  piece  of 
legislation,  was  that  it  was  the  means  of 
doing  away  w-ith  the  system  of  charity 
schools,  for  the  schools  up  to  this  time  were 
little  better  than  charity  schools.  It  elimi- 
nated the  distinction  between  rich  and  poor  by 
throwing  open  the  doors  to  aH  children,  of 
whatever  class  or  condition.  The  effect  was 
at  once  apparent,  and  from  being  looked  upon 
with  contempt  the  public  schools  came  to  be 
regarded  with  the  highest  respect. 

"The  stigma  of  poverty,  once  the  only  title 
of   admission    to    our    public    schools,"    said 


MORTON  McMICHAEL. 

President  Dunlap,  "has  at  the  solicitation  of 
the  Controllers  been  erased  from  our  statute 
books,  and  the  schools  of  this  city  and  county 
are  now  open  to  every  child  that  draws  the 
breath  of  life  within  our  borders." 

CENTRAL   HIGH    SCHOOL  CORNER- 
STONE LAID. 

In  September  of  1837  the  corner-stone  of 
the  Central  High  School,  the  establishment 
of  which  was  authorized  by  the  above  law, 
was  laid.  During  the  previous  year  a  com- 
mittee of  the  Controllers,  consisting  of 
George  M.  Justice,  Morton  McMichael,  T.  G. 
Hollingsworth      and      President      Thomas 


Dunlap,  had  visited  the  schools  of  New  York 
and  Boston,  and  had  returned  with  ideas 
which  proved  useful  in  the  establishment  of 
the  High  School  and  the  improvement  of  the 
elementary  schools. 

IMPROVEMENTS  EFFECTED. 

The  Lancasterian  system  having  been  abol- 
ished, the  number  of  teachers  in  the  various 
schools  was  greatly  added  to.  The  number 
of  pupils  in  the  schools  increased  from  a  few 
over  7,000  to  17,000  in  a  single  year.  Of  this 
number  nearly  6,000  were  pupils  in  sixty 
primary  schools.  Several  new  buildings  were 
erected,  and  old  buildings  were  enlarged  and 
renovated.  The  Model  School  was  entirely 
rebuilt  and  refurnished. 

A  BRIGHT  OUTLOOK. 

The  year  1838  appears  to  have  been  a  pro- 
gressive and  exceedingly  satisfactory  one  in 
the  history  of  the  public  schools.  In  his  an- 
nual report  at  the  beginning  of  1839,  Presi- 
dent Dunlap  said: — 

"The  past  school  year  has  run  its  course  in 
undisturbed  health,  entire  prosperity,  abun- 
dant means,  augmented  facilities,  and,  it  is 
confidently  believed,  in  extended  usefulness. 
A  marked  and  striking  feature  of  improve- 
ment is  the  general  favor  with  which  the  sys- 
tem is  now  received  by  the  community. 
Long  neglected,  and  almost  unknown  to  our 
citizens,  it  has  quietly  worked  its  way  to 
notice  and  approbation.  Every  successive 
modification,  suggested  by  this  Board  and 
adopted  by  the  Legislature,  has,  in  practice, 
evinced  its  own  necessity  and  usefulness,  and 
instantly  won  the  approval  of  all. 

"Thus  the  change  in  the  monitorial  system, 
as  originally  introduced  into  Lancasterian 
schools,  the  release  from  many  of  the  tram- 
mels and  impediments  of  that  early  and  crude 
plan,  the  employment,  even  at  greater  ex- 
pense of  assistant  teachers,  the  salutary  in- 
fluence of  female  teachers  in  aid  of  the  master, 
in  the  boys'  school,   the  infant  schools  and 


OLD  CENTRAL  HIGH  SCHOOL, 
Juniper  Street,  near  Market. 


primarv  schools  at  one  end  of  the  scale,  and 
the  noble  completion  of  a  High  School,  pre- 
senting facilities  for  full  academical  education, 
all  now  bear  the  seal  of  successful  and 
triumphant  experiment." 

An  event  which  made  the  year  1838  a  mem- 
orable one  in  school  history  was  the  comple- 
tion and  opening  of  the  Central  High  School. 
[See  chapter  on  Central  High  School.] 

PRESIDENTS  FROM  1840  TO  1854. 

January  i,  1840,  Thomas  Dunlap  was  suc- 
ceeded as  president  of  the  Board  by  George 
M.  Wharton,  whose  first  term  was  of  a  year's 
duration.  From  1841  to  1844  Henry  Leech 
was  president,  and  from  1844  to  1847  Jo^" 
Miller  held  that  oflfice.  Wharton  was  elected 
president  again  in  1847,  ^"<^^  remained  in  office 
imtil  1850.  He  was  succeeded  by  Daniel  S. 
Beideman,  who  was  president  until  1853,  and 
then  Mr.  Wharton  once  more  took  the  chair 
and  remained  president  until  January  i,  1854. 

HIGH  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS 
CONTEMPLATED. 

In  1840  a  committee  was  appointed  to  look 
into  the  advisability  of  establishing  a  High 
School  for  girls.  A  Normal  School  for  the 
training  of  teachers  was  also  thought  of,  for 
although  the  Model  School  was  originally  in- 
tended to  serve  this  end,  it  had  not  answered 
the  purpose  since  the  Lancasterian  system 
had  been  done  away  with. 

BACHE  SUPERINTENDS  THE 
SCHOOLS. 

In  1 84 1  Alexander  Dallas  Bache,  Principal 
of  the  Central  High  School,  assumed  tem- 
porarily the  duties  of  general  superintendent 
of  the  public  schools,  acting  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  various  Sectional  Boards.  At  the 
close  of  the  year  he  made  a  report  giving  in  a 
general  way  the  result  of  his  observations. 

PARSON'S  ENCOMIUMS. 

Appended  to  the  annual  report  for  1842  was 
a  letter  received  bv  the  Board  from  A.  V. 


Parsons,  State  Superintendent  of  the  Com- 
mon Schools,  who  during  the  year  had 
visited  the  schools  of  Philadelphia  in  company 
with  Governor  Porter.  Extracts  from  the 
letter  follow: — 

'T  think  the  system  of  public  education 
adopted  and  now  in  actual  operation  in  your 
city  and  county  one  of  the  best  which  is 
known  in  any  civilized  country  and  perhaps 
it  excels  any  other.  *  *  * 

**From  an  examination  of  your  Central 
High  School  *  *  *  it  gives  me  pleasure  to 
say  that  my  anticipations  of  its  excellence  and 
superiority  were  more  than  realized.  *  *  * 
I  cannot  avoid  suggesting  the  propriety,  nay, 
the  absolute  necessity,  of  establishing  a  High 
School  upon  the  same  plan  as  the  present  one, 
for  the  education  of  females,  giving  to  them 
those  high  and  equal  advantages  of  a  finished 
education  which  are  now  enjoyed  by  the 
males." 

A  communication  of  a  similarly  encourag- 
ing nature  was  received  the  following  year 
from  Charles  McClure,  who  succeeded  Mr. 
Parsons  as  State  Superintendent  of  Common 
Schools.  Thereafter  the  different  State  Su- 
perintendents continued  to  visit  the  schools 
and  report  favorably  upon  their  condition. 

CONTROLLERS  MADE  A  BODY 
POLITIC. 

By  an  Act  of  Legislature  of  April  16,  1845, 
the  Controllers  were  made  a  body  politic 
under  the  name  of  "The  Controllers  of  the 
Public  Schools  of  the  First  School  District  of 
Pennsylvania,"  and  all  the  property  held  for 
school  purposes  in  the  county  was  vested  in 
them  as  a  corporate  body. 

NORMAL  SCHOOL  ORGANIZED. 

The  Model  School  was  reorganized  and  con- 
verted into  a  Normal  School  February  i, 
1848.  The  object  of  the  school  was  "th- 
thorough  training  of  the  pupils  in  the 
branches  taught  in  the  public  schools,  with 
reference  to  teaching  them."     The  School  of 


Observation  and  Practice  was  established  the 
same  year. 

STATISTICS  OF  1850. 

The  middle  of  the  century  found  the  schools 
growing  rapidly.  In  reviewing^  their  progress 
it  may  be  well  to  pause  and  note  a  few  figures. 
In  June,  1850,  the  number  of  schools  in  the 
District  was  2,560.  There  were  yiy  teachers 
and  45,383  pupils.  The  schools  were  desig- 
nated as  follows:  i  High  School,  i  Normal 
School,  53  Grammar.  29  Secondary,  130  Pri- 
mary and  40  unclassified  schools.  They  were 
under  the  direction  of  23  controllers  and  210 
directors,  scattered  through  the  eleven  Sec- 
tions into  which  the  District  was  then 
divided. 

NIGHT  SCHOOLS  OPENED. 

At  the  beginning  of  1850  the  Controllers 
resolved  to  o])en  night  schools  in  each  of  the 
Sections  for  male  adults,  the  same  having  been 
authorized  by  an  act  of  March  12, 1842.  Thus 
was  started  one  of  the  most  important  fea- 
tures of  public  school  life.  The  attendance 
by  the  beginning  of  1855  had  reached  over 
50,000. 

In  1853  the  brick  building  at  Broad  and 
Green  streets  was  erected  for  the  Central  High 
School.  A  new  building  was  also  erected  for 
the  Normal  School  on  Sergeant  street  above 
Ninth. 


ACT  OF  CONSOLIDATION. 

The  Act  of  Consolidation,  approved  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1854,  which  united  all  the  boroughs 
and  villages  of  Philadelphia  County  into  one 
municipality,  provided  that  each  ward  in  Phil- 
adelphia should  constitute  a  school  section. 
The  directors  in  each  Section  were  empow- 
ered to  elect  one  of  their  number  a  Controller 
for  a  term  of  one  year.  By  this  act  all  school 
property  was  vested  in  the  City  of  Philadel- 
phia. 


FIRST  BOARD  OF  CONTROL  AFTER 
CONSOLIDATION. 

The  members  of  the  Board  of  Controllers 
in  1854-5  were: — 

First  Section — William  H.  Sickels. 
Second  Section — James  W.  T.  McCallister. 
Third  Section — Alexander  Greaves. 
Fourth  Section — George  P.  Mercer. 
Fifth  Section — George  M.  Wharton. 
Sixth  Section — Joseph  T.  Thomas. 
Seventh  Section — Samuel  Ashmead. 
Eighth  Section — Thos.  G.  Hollingsworth. 
Ninth  Section — William  Curran.  M.  D. 
Tenth  Section — Benjamin  M.   Dusenbery. 
Eleventh  Section — Samuel  Taylor. 
Twelfth  Section — Charles  J.  Sutter. 
Thirteenth  Section — George  P.  Henszey. 
Fourteenth  Section — Edwin  Booth. 
Fifteenth  Section — Andrew  H.  Manderson. 
Sixteenth  Section — Charles  Cline. 
Seventeenth  Section — George  W.  Burr. 
Eighteenth  Section — Edward  W.  Gorgas. 
Nineteenth  Section — Saml.  S.  Warthman. 
Twentieth  Section — James  Peters. 
Twenty-first  Section — Nathan  L.  Jones. 
Twenty-second  Section — Spencer  Roberts. 
Twenty-third  Section — Henry  Herbert. 
Twenty-fourth  Section — Benj.  F.  Warren. 

PRESIDENTS  FROM  1854  TO  1869. 

From  1854  to  1857  Thomas  G.  Hollings- 
worth was  president  of  the  Board  of  Control- 
lers. His  successors  were  William  J.  Reed, 
1857-9;  Henry  Bumm,  1859-61;  Benjamin  M. 
Dusenberry,  1861-2;  Leonard  R.  Fletcher^ 
1862-4,  ^"^l  Edward  Shippen,  1864-69. 

POOR  CONDITION  OF  SCHOOL- 
HOUSES. 

In  1856  the  Controllers  became  impressed 
with  the  necessity  of  improving  and  enlarging 
the  school  buildings,  and  the  City  Councils 
were  asked  to  appropriate  $150,000  for  this 
purpose.  The  report  made  to  Councils  in 
that    vear    bv    its    Committee    on    Schools. 


graphically  described  the  then  existing  condi- 
tions. The  report  is  interesting,  as  showing 
the  contrast  between  school  accommodations 
then  and  now.     Extracts  from  it  follow: — 

"The  location  of  the  school-houses  near  the 
Delaware  front  will  soon  have  to  be  changed; 
only  such  repairs  as  cannot  be  avoided,  there- 
fore, have  been  recommended  to  be  made  in 
these  localities.  But  with  regard  to  the  re- 
pairs of  those  houses  which  are  permanentlv 
located,  the  representations  of  the  directors 
were  found  to  be  correct  in  the  main.  *  *  * 
In  many  houses  there  was  found  but  one 
flight  of  stairs.  *  *  *  The  arrangements 
for  heating  many  of  the  establishments  were 
found  very  faulty;  not  only  was  the  heat  in- 
sufificient  in  quantity  but  bad  in  quality. 
Frequently  the  schools  have  to  be  dismissed 
for  want  of  warmth;  end  at  all  times,  in  some 
of  the  schools,  teachers  and  scholars  are 
troul)led  with  coughs  and  headaches  occa- 
sioned by  the  poisoned  atmosphere  of  the 
rooms.  *  *  * 

"Three  years  have  been  allowed  to  pass  by 
without  a  single  new  school-house  having 
been  constructed;  and  this,  notwithstanding 
the  rapid  growth  of  our  population,  and  the 
cheerfulness  with  which  the  school  tax  is  paid 
by  most  of  our  citizens.  So  many  thousands 
of  children  are  clamoring  for  admission  into 
our  schools,  and  the  room  is  so  circumscribed 
that  temporary  arrangements  have  had  to  be 
made,  and,  certainly  of  very  questionable 
economy  as  regards  the  health  of  the  pupils, 
and  of  questionable  propriety  as  regards  the 
safety  of  life  and  limb.  A  small  two-story 
house  on  Juniper  street  above  Race  is  made 
to  accommodate  (?)  some  125  children.  *  '•'  * 
In  Filbert  street  over  250  pupils  are  cooped  up 
in  the  second  and  third-story  rooms  of  the 
building,  the  lower  floors  of  which  are  oc- 
cupied by  carpenters,  coach  makers,  coopers 
and  a  camphene  establishment." 

Notwithstanding  the  pressure  brought  to 
bear  upon  the  city  authorities  with  the  view  to 
obtaining  additional  funds  for  the  schools,  it 
appears  from  the  records  that,  owing  to  the 


condition  of  the  city's  finances,  only  one  new 
school-house  was  erected  in  1857,  at  a  cost  of 
$3,500.*  The  lack  of  good,  well-ventilated 
school-houses  began  to  be  more  severely  felt, 
too,  during  this  year,  as  the  attendance  was 
increased  by  nearly  2,500  pupils,  and  it  was 
believed  that  the  number  would  be  swelled  by 
an  increase  of  many  thousands  were  there 
sufficient  and  suitable  school  accommoda- 
tions. Some  3.300  children  were  represented 
as  waiting  for  admission  until  such  time  as 
they  could  be  accommodated. 

GIRLS'  HIGH  SCHOOL  OPENED. 

In  June,  1859,  the  Normal  and  Model 
Schools  were  abolished  by  a  resolution  of 
the  Board  of  Control,  and  a  Girls'  High 
School  was  organized  in  their  stead.  It  was 
opened  August  29,  and  embraced  all  the 
studies  of  the  former  Normal  School,  with 
new  and  enlarged  departments.  The  last  two 
years  of  the  course  were  set  apart  for  the 
training  of  teachers. 

NEW  BUILDINGS  OBTAINED. 

In  1861  four  new  school  buildings  were 
erected  under  the  direction  of  the  Control- 
lers, three  more  were  built  bv  private  parties 
and  rented  to  the  Board,  and  a  church  build- 
ing was  fitted  up  for  school  purposes.  Dur- 
ing the  next  few  years  more  new  buildings 
were  erected,  and  while  the  country  was  in 
the  midst  of  the  Civil  War  the  public  schools 

*  At  this  point  let  it  be  noted  that  the  position  then  taken 
by  City  Councils  regarding  expenditures  for  public  school 
purposes  has  been  maintained  very  much  through  all  the  inter- 
vening time  up  to  the  present  day.  The  Board  of  Public 
Education  each  year  reiterates  the  growing,  pressing  needs 
of  the  public  school  system.  It  is  represented  now,  as  it  was 
in  1857,  that  if  the  amount  appropriated  by  the  State  could  be 
devoted  exclusively  to  the  erection  of  new  school-houses,  the 
demand  for  which  is  constantly  increasing,  there  would  be  no 
difficulty  in  maintaining  adequate  school  accommodations. 
Each  year  after  these  representations  are  made  to  City  Coun- 
cils, the  estimate  of  expense  presented  by  the  Board  is  cut 
down  to  a  most  alarming  extent,  some  of  the  most  important 
items  often  being  reduced  one-half.  Thus  the  Board  of  Pub- 
lic Education  is  continually  in  the  position  of  supplicant, 
crying  for  more  and  yet  more  money.  The  necessity  of 
taking  steps  to  provide  the  necessary  funds  for  the  education 
of  all  the  children  in  Philadelphia  is  freely  admitted  by  the 
members  of  City  Councils,  who  have  again  and  again  within 
recent  years  expressed  their  regret  that  more  could  not  be 
done  for  the  schools  and  have  then  deliberately  voted  to 
reduce  the  appropriation,  including  even  the  items  for  repairs 
and  new  buildings. 


in   this  city  appeared   to   progress   quite   as     expressly     conferring     the     power    on     this 
satisfactorily  as  in  former  years.  Board." 


SHIPPEN  ON  THE  QUALIFICATIONS 
OF  TEACHERS. 

Edward  Shippen  was  elected  president  of 
the  Board  in  1864.  The  subject  of  the  quali- 
fications of  teachers  began  to  be  earnestly  dis- 
cussed about  this  time,  and  in  his  annual  re- 
port, presented  at  the  beginning  of  the  year 
1865,  President  Shippen  said: — 

"The  Board  of  Control  having,  by  law,  the 
general  supervision  of  the  schools,  the  char- 
acter of  the  studies,  etc.,  etc.,  have  deemed 
it  within  their  province  to  regulate  the  sub- 
ject  of   qualification   of   teachers   in   such    a 


EDWARD  SHIPPEN. 

manner  as  will  best  conduce  to  the  public 
good.  *  *  *  The  Board  of  Control  in  no 
wise  desire  to  interfere  with  the  right  of 
directors  to  select  and  elect  their  own  teach- 
ers, but  they  feel  compelled  to  exercise  their 
supervisory  powers  when  they  find  that  a 
practice  prevails  in  a  few  Sectional  Boards  of 
electing  teachers  with  little  or  no  regard  to 
their  qualifications — from  motives  of  favorit- 
ism or  from  affinity.  *  *  * 

"The  power  of  the  Controllers  to  examine 
into  the  qualifications  of  those  who  seek  ap- 
pointments as  teachers  in  our  schools  having 
been  questioned,  the  Legislature  at  the  pres- 
ent session  has  placed  all  doubts  at  rest  by 


ACT  OF  FEBRUARY  17,  1865. 

The  act  referred  to,  by  which  the  Board  was 
given  authority  to  determine  the  qualification 
of  teachers,  was  approved  February  17,  1865, 
Following  are  its  provisions: — 

"The  Controllers  of  Public  Schools  of  the 
First  School  District  of  Pennsylvania  shall 
establish  a  system  for  the  examination  and 
qualification  of  all  persons  who  may  desire  to 
become  teachers  in  the  public  schools  of  said 
District;  the  said  examinations  to  be  held  at 
such  time  and  places,  and  under  such  system, 
rules  and  regulations,  as  the  said  Controllers 
shall  from  time  to  time  adopt. 

"No  person  shall, from  and  after  the  passage 
of  this  act,  be  elected  to  the  position  of 
teacher  in  any  of  the  public  schools  of  said  Dis- 
trict by  any  of  the  Sectional  Boards  of  school 
directors  within  the  same  unless  such  person 
shall  have  been  found  duly  qualified  for  the 
position  to  which  he  or  she  shall  have  been 
elected,  nor  unless  he  or  she  shall  have  received 
a  certificate  of  qualification,  duly  issued  by 
the  authority  of  said  Controllers,  after  his 
or  her  examination  provided  for  in  the  first 
section  of  this  act.  Provided,  the  exclusive 
right  of  the  several  Sectional  Boards  of  school 
directors  within  said  District  to  elect  the 
teachers  of  their  respective  Sections  shall  be 
and  remain  unimpaired,  except  in  so  far  as 
the  same  is  qualified  by  this  act.* 

"It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  several  Sectional 
Boards  of  school  directors  within  said  District 
to  certify  to  the  said  Controllers,  within 
thirty  days  from  the  passage  of  this  act,  a 
complete  list  of  the  names  and  grades  of  all 
teachers  in  the  respective  Sections  who  had 
been  duly  elected  as  such  prior  to  the  passage 
of  this  act,  which  said  list  shall  be,  within 

♦"The  Sectional  Boards  have  the  exclusive  power  of 
appointing  teachers,  subject  only  to  the  restriction  that 
persons  appointed  shall  be  duly  qualified.  The  Board  of 
Public  Education  cannot  refuse  to  confirm  a  teacher  appointed 
by  the  Sectional  Board,  if  the  teacher  appointed  sustains  the 
necessary  qualifications." — Opinion    of   the   City  Solicitor, 


sixty  days  from  the  passage  of  this  act,  duly 
certified  by  said  Controllers  under  their  com- 
mon and  corporate  seal  to  the  Controller  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia. 

"It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  directors  of  the 
public  schools  of  the  several  Sections  in  like 
manner,  from  time  to  time,  to  certify  to  the 
Controllers  of  the  public  schools  of  said.  Dis- 
trict the  names  and  grade  of  all  persons  quali- 
fied as  aforesaid  who  shall  hereafter  be  elected 
to  the  position  of  teacher  in  said  District, 
which  said  names  and  grades  shall  also  be  cer- 
tified by  said  Controllers  to  the  said  City  Con- 
troller." 

SHIPPEN  ON  TEACHERS' 
SALARIES. 

The  increasing  and  grading  of  teachers'  sal- 
aries was  seriously  considered  about  the  time 
the  above  law  went  into  effect.  In  view  of 
the  recent  discussion  as  to  the  relative  salaries 
paid  to  men  and  women  teachers,  another  ex- 
tract from  President  Shippen's  first  report  is 
of  interest: — 

"In  this  District  all  the  teachers  are 
females,  except  the  Principals  of  boys'  gram- 
mar and  some  unclassified  schools,  and  we 
have  reason  to  congratulate  ourselves  on 
having  a  corps  of  teachers  so  worthy  and  ca- 
pable as  those  now  in  our  service. 

"It  has  ever  been  the  case  that  female  labor 
has  failed  to  obtain  a  just  appreciation  in  com- 
parison with  male  labor.  The  work  per- 
formed by  females,  just  as  well,  faithfully  and 
effectively  executed  as  when  performed  by 
males,  has  not  been  fairly  estimated  or  com- 
pensated. 

"For  instance,  take  the  duties  of  a  female 
Principal  of  a  grammar  school  and  compare 
them  with  those  of  a  male  Principal.  They 
are  identical,  and  both  well  performed.  The 
one  receives  double  the  pay  of  the  other.  Is 
this  fair?  Is  it  right?  Some  reply  very 
speciously  that  the  males  have  families  to  pro- 
vide for  and  that  their  expenses  are  hence 
larger.  If  compensation  is  to  be  measured 
by   home   demands,    or   bv   the   extent    of  a 


man's  family,  we  must  adopt  a  sliding  scale. 
We  must  examine  closely  into  the  demands 
of  every  teacher's  family,  and  his  salary,  by  the 
same  reasoning,  must  be  increased  for  everv 
addition  to  his  family  and  diminished  for 
every  death.  May  not  the  female  teacher 
have  her  aged  mother  to  care  for?  May  she 
not  be  the  sole  stay  and  support  of  an  infirm 
father  and  a  father's  family?  May  she  not. 
too,  have  a  thousand  home  demands,  as  men 
have?  The  argument  for  the  increase  of 
salaries  of  male  teachers  and  kindly  letting 
salaries  of  females  remain  just  wdiere  they  are 
is  simply  absurd." 

CURRICULUM  LIGHTENED. 

About  this  time  there  was  a  great  deal  of 
talk  concerning  the  "undue  pressure"  on  the 
pupils  in  the  public  schools,  and  the  curricu- 
lum was  lightened  somewhat  in  response  to 
the  popular  outcry. 

COMPULSORY  EDUCATION 
FAVORED. 

Compulsory  education  was  favored  by 
President  Shippen  in  his  annual  report  for  the 
year  1865:  "Wholesome  laws  for  compul- 
sory education,"  he  said,  "have  been  enacted 
elsewhere  with  marked  success,  and  may  we 
not  follow  in  the  improved  track?  The  sub- 
ject is  a  delicate  one  for  legislation,  and  yet 
for  such  a  reason  it  should  not  be  avoided. 
We  need  truant  laws,  authorizing  the  ap- 
pointment of  truant  officers,  as  well  as  a  care- 
fully devised  and  judiciously  arranged  system 
of  compulsory  education." 

Mr.  Shippen,  all  of  whose  reports  were  full 
of  happy  suggestions  and  recommendations, 
said  in  the  same  year: — 

"It  may  seem  an  idle  dream,  but  neverthe- 
less it  is  a  dream  of  those  who  have  watched 
the  progress  of  education  in  this  country,  and 
the  tide  of  events,  that  the  time  is  not  distant 
when  a  gigantic  National  High  School  shall 
be  organized  to  receive,  educate  and  perfect, 
at  Government  expense,  so  far  as  men  may 


perfect,  those  whom  God  has  endowed  with 
pecuHar  talent  for  art,  science  or  literature, 
rich  and  poor  alike;  that  this  school  shall 
have  within  its  scope,  science  in  all  its  depths 
and  in  every  branch,  and  art  in  all  its  varied 
forms,  and  not  the  least  among  these  paint- 
ing, statuary  and  music,  to  the  end  that 
America  shall  have  no  rival:  that  her  people 
may  have  no  need  to  send  her  talented  sons 
and  daughters  to  foreign  lands  for  the  full 
development  of  the  choice  treasures  which 
Providence  had  showered  upon  them;  and 
that  America  may  be  what  Europe  is,  the  seat 
of  art,  literature  and  science,  and  add  to  it, 
withal,  we  trust,  morality." 

TEACHERS'  SALARIES 
INCREASED. 

An  increase  of  20  per  cent,  was  made  in 
1866  in  the  salaries  of  the  teachers  receiving 
$450  and  under,  and  10  per  cent,  in  all  salaries 
over  that  amount. 

In  this  year  $1,000,000,  which  had  been 
appropriated  for  the  erection  of  new  school- 
houses  in  1865,  was  divided  among  the  Sec- 
tions, and  the  erection  of  twenty-one  new 
school  buildings  was  begun. 

METHOD  OF  APPOINTING  CON- 
TROLLERS ALTERED. 

By  an  act  approved  in  April,  1867,  the  Leg- 
islature changed  the  mode  of  appointment  of 
Controllers,  establishing  the  system  now  in 
operation,  of  appointment  by  the  judiciary. 
Previous  to  this  time  the  Controllers  were 
elected  by  the  various  Boards  of  Directors. 

CONTROLLERS  OF  1868. 

The  members  of  the  Board  of  Controllers 
in  1868  were: — 

First  Section — A.  S.  Jenks. 

Second  Section — Andrew  Nebinger,  M.  D. 

Third  Section — Washington  J.  Jackson. 

Fourth  Section — P.  A.  Fagen. 

Fifth  Section — Lewis  C.  Cassidv. 

Sixth  Section — M.  R.  Harris. 


Seventh  Section — John  Samuel. 
Eighth   Section — Edward   Shippen. 
Ninth  Section — ^James  Freeborn. 
Tenth  Section — John  Price  Wetherill. 
Eleventh  Section — James  S.  Hinkel. 
Twelfth  Section — M.   Hall  Stanton. 
Thirteenth  Section — John  B.  Green. 
Fourteenth  Section — Albert  C.  Roberts. 
Fifteenth  Section — John  W.  Clark. 
Sixteenth  Section — Stephen  H.  Smith. 
Seventeenth  Section — J.  Macavoy,  M.  D. 
Eighteenth  Section — Charles  M.  Lukens. 
Nineteenth  Section — Stephen  Taylor. 
Twentieth  Section — Henry  C.  Hickok. 
Twenty-first  Section — Wm.  B.  Stephens. 
Twenty-second  Section — Edw.  Armstrong. 
Twenty-third  Section — John  G.  Brenner. 
Twenty-fourth  Section — Norris  J.  Hoffman 
Twenty-fifth  Section — Jas.  H.  MacBride. 
Twenty-sixth  Section — Charles  Harmer. 
Twenty-seventh  Section — Danl.  Steinmetz. 
Twenty-eighth  Section — Chas.  F.  Abbot. 

SENIOR   CLASSES   ESTABLISHED. 

In  1867  senior  classes  were  established  in 
the  grammar  schools,  being  designed  chiefly 
for  such  pupils  as  did  not  enter  the  higher 
schools.  Their  purpose  was  to  fit  the  pupils 
for  business  life.  They  were  not  a  very  great 
success  and  were  not  long  continued. 

TEACHERS'  INSTITUTE 
ORGANIZED. 

Another  important  event  of  this  year  was 
the  organization  of  the  Teachers'  Institute. 
[See  chapter  on  Teachers'  Institute.] 

CONTROLLERS   AND    COUNCILS 
AGAIN. 

Under  the  head  of  "Relative  Duties  and 
Rights  of  Controllers  and  Councils,"  Presi- 
dent Shippen  made  a  statement  in  his  annual 
report  for  1867,  of  which  certain  parts  have 
been  quoted  hundreds  of  times  since,  having 
appeared  frequently  in  the  public  press  within 


the  past  few  years.  Extracts  from  this  state- 
ment follow: — 

"There  seems  to  be  in  the  public 
mind  an  idea  that  the  Councils  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia  have  in 
some  form  or  shape  a  supervisory  con- 
trol over  the  educational  affairs  of  the  city. 
This  is  a  great  and  serious  error,  and  the  sooner 
it  is  made  manifest  to  the  public  mind,  and  to 
Councils  also,  the  better  it  will  be  for  the 
interests  of  our  schools.  The  Board  of 
School  Controllers  is  not  a  department  of  the 
city  government,  as  the  Highway  Depart- 
ment, for  instance,  is.  This  Board  by  law 
makes  no  report  to  Councils  as  does  the 
Highway  Department.  Its  members  do  not 
hold  their  appointments  from  Councils.  The 
Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  are  elected 
pursuant  to  the  Act  of  Consolidation.  The 
Controllers  hold  their  appointments  pursuant 
to  a  supplement  to  the  Act  of  Consolidation; 
and  therefore  it  is  justly  said  that  each  holds 
appointment  pursuant  to  the  will  of  the  peo- 
ple as  expressed  through  the  Legislature. 

"Each  has  its  own  exclusive  privileges,  its 
own  exclusive  powers,  its  own  exclusive  juris- 
diction, its  own  exclusive  duties,  and  its  own 
heavy  and  exclusive  responsibilities.  The 
Councils  are  not  responsible  to  the  School 
Board  for  their  actions,  nor  is  the  School 
Board  responsible  to  Councils.  Councils  and 
the  School  Board  are  alike  responsible  to  the 
people.  The  Councils  of  the  City  of  Phila- 
delphia have  no  more  right  to  instruct  the 
Board  of  School  Controllers  in  respect  to 
educational  affairs  than  has  the  Board  of 
School  Controllers  the  right  to  instruct 
Councils  in  regard  to  details  of  municipal 
management.  In  all  respects,  save  one,  they 
are  utterly  and  entirely  independent  of  each 
other  and  they  should  be  so.  This  one  ex- 
ception is  with  reference  to  finances.  The 
power  of  levying  taxes  has  since  consolida- 
tion been  given  directly  to  the  City  Councils, 
and  they  are  charged  with  the  duty  of  includ- 
ing in  the  levy  so  much  as  will  be  requisite  for 
the  public  schools.   *   *  * 


"It  has  been  well  said  by  the  Supreme 
Court  in  the  case  of  Johnson's  Appeal,  1 1 
Wright,  384:  'From  an  examination  of  the 
Acts  of  Assembly  to  which  our  attention  has 
been  directed  in  this  case,  it  is  apparent  that 
everything  pertaining  to  public  schools,  within 
the  City  and  County  of  Philadelphia,  has  been 
committed  to  the  Board  of  Controllers,  ex- 
cepting only  the  public  purse,  which  has  been 
kept  carefully  in  the  hands  of  the  City  Coun- 
cils. The  Controllers  have  power  to  establish 
schools,  to  provide  school  books,  make  rules 
and  regulations,  to  appoint  teachers  and  fix 
their  salaries,  but  have  no  right  to  raise  or 
appropriate  revenues.  The  Legislature  of 
the  city  was  not  a  body  fitted  to  descend  into 
the  minute  details  of  the  system  and  to  meas- 
ure out  the  exact  sum  each  teacher  was  to 
receive,  but  they  could  classify  the  general 
objects  of  the  expenditure,  of  which  teachers*^ 
salaries  would  be  one,  leaving  to  the  Control- 
lers the  sub-divisions  of  the  sums  appropriated 
to  that  object  among  the  several  individuals 
entitled  to  share  it.'  *   *  * 

''The  decision  in  the  case  of  Johnson's  Ap- 
peal, before  referred  to,  holds  that  Councils 
have  the  right  to  fix  the  gross  amount  which 
the  Controllers  shall  expend  for  teachers'  sal- 
aries and  that  the  Controllers  alone  have  the 
power  of  sub-division  of  the  same.  *  *  * 

"The  foregoing  statement  is  not  made  in  a 
spirit  of  fault-finding,  but  as  a  matter  of  justi- 
fication. It  is  not  designed  to  imply  for  an 
instant  that  the  Councils  of  Philadelphia,  as 
bodies,  are  opposed  to  universal  education,  or 
that  they  purposely  endeavor  to  impede  this 
co-ordinate  branch  of  city  government,  be- 
cause the  community  has  reason  to  con- 
gratulate itself  on  many  acts  of  liberality 
on  the  part  of  Councils  toward  public  edu- 
cation. *  *  But  we  do  submit  that  there 
is  not  sufficient  deference  paid  to  the  de- 
mands of  this  Board;  that  this  Board  is 
the  best  judge  of  the  public  need  in  re- 
spect to  educational  affairs,  and  that  the 
time  is  at  hand  when  some  legislative 
action  is  imperatively  needed  to  enable  this 


Board  to  carry  out  its  measures  without  let 
or  hindrance." 


CENSUS  OF  CHILDREN  TAKEN. 

In  March,  1867,  at  the  request  of  the  Board 
of  Controllers,  Morton  McMichael,  who  was 
mayor  of  the  city,  caused  a  census  of  children 
between  the  ages  of  six  and  eighteen  to  be 
taken  by  the  police.  The  figures  thus  ob- 
tained were  considered  inaccurate,  as  in  many 
cases  it  was  impossible  to  get  the  desired 
information.  The  total  number  of  children, 
according  to  this  census,  was  142,517,  of 
whom  70,674  were  boys  and  71,843  were  girls. 
There  were  76,419  children  in  the  public 
schools  at  the  close  of  1867. 


PROGRESS  MADE  IN  1868. 

The  work  accomplished  by  the  Board  in 
1868  was  summarized  by  President  Daniel 
Steinmetz,  who  was  the  chief  executive  officer 
in  1869,  as  follows:  "A  thorough  reorganiza- 
tion of  divisions,  a  careful  examination  and  re- 
duction of  text-books,  a  classification  of  all 
unclassified  schools,  the  formation  of  a  new 
code  for  the  qualification  of  teachers,  the 
adoption  of  a  new  set  of  laws  and  rules  for  the 
government  of  the  Board  and  the  schools, 
and  the  completion  of  twenty-one  new  school 
buildings,  at  a  cost  of  $272,866.65." 


BUILDING  INSPECTOR  ELECTED. 

At  thetime  the  twenty-one  school  buildings 
above  mentioned  were  being  erected,  the  office 
of  inspector  of  school  buildings  was  created, 
and  Lewis  H.  Esler  was  chosen  to  fill  this 
position.  He  had  a  supervision  over  all  the 
building  operations,  similiar  to  that  now  ex- 
ercised by  the  architect  of  the  Board.  His 
title  was  changed  the  following  year  to  "Su- 
perintendent of  Public  School  Buildings  and 
Repairs."  This  was  virtually  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Architect's  Department. 


STUDY  OF  MUSIC  INTRODUCED. 

An  appropriation  of  $6,000  was  made  in 
1869  for  the  purpose  of  introducing  instruc- 
tion in  vocal  music  into  the  public  schools. 
On  May  8th  of  that  year  an  examination  was 
held  at  the  Normal  School,  and  nineteen 
young  women  out  of  thirty-nine  who  pre- 
sented themselves  secured  averages  which 
enabled  the  Board  to  confer  upon  them  certifi- 
cates of  proficiency  to  teach.  On  May  24th 
instruction  in  music  was  begun  in  all  the 
grammar  and  secondary  schools,  one  lesson 
being  given  each  week.  Professor  Louis  was 
appointed  Superintendent  of  Music. 


M.  HALL  STANTON. 

ARTISANS'  NIGHT  SCHOOL 
OPENED. 

The  Artisans'  Night  School  was  opened  on 
the  evening  of  November  2,  1869.  [See 
chapter  on  Night  Schools.] 

NAME  OF  THE  BOARD  CHANGED. 

The  name  of  the  Board  of  Controllers  was 
changed  by  an  Act  of  Legislature,  approved 
March  15,  1870,  to  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation of  the  First  School  District  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

M.  Hall  Stanton  was  elected  president  or 
the  Board  January  i,  1870,  and  served  for 
seven  vears. 


28 


An  act  to  prevent  freqnent  changes  in  text- 
books was  passed  by  the  Legislature  in  1871. 

TWENTY-NINTH  SECTION 
FORMED. 

By  the  division  of  the  Twentieth  Ward,  in 
1871,  the  Twenty-ninth  Ward  was  formed, 
and  James  Long  was  made  Controller  for  the 
Twenty-ninth  Section.  The  Twentieth  Ward 
had  in  January,  1869,  been  divided  into  two 
school  sections,  and  was  represented  by  two 
Controllers  from  that  time  until  the  for- 
mation of  the  new  ward  out  of  the  western 
part  of  the  Twentieth.  From  1869  to  1872 
Peter  A.  B.  Widener  represented  the  Twen- 
tieth Section  west. 

THEORY  OF  MUSIC  TAUGHT. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Public  Educa- 
tion in  February,  1872,  resolutions  were 
adopted  providing  that  under  the  supervision 
of  the  Superintendent  of  Music  the  theory  of 
music  should  be  introduced  into  the  schools, 
and  taught  by  the  regular  teachers  for  periods 
of  fifteen  minutes,  twice  each  week.  The 
theory  of  music  was  made  a  subject  of  ex- 
amination at  the  semi-annual  examination  for 
promotion  in  all  grades. 

COMPULSORY    EDUCATION    AGAIN 
FAVORED. 

Another  plea  for  compulsory  education  was 
made  by  President  M.  Hall  Stanton  in  his 
report  covering  the  year  1873:  "While  there 
are  many  repugnant  features  to  a  compulsory 
law,"  he  said,  "it  seems  to  be  the  only  efficient 
means  for  the  redemption  of  the  thousands 
of  children  of  this  city  who  are  drifting  into 
the  first  stage  of  a  criminal  career,  vagabond- 
ism." 

GIRLS'  HIGH  SCHOOL  BUILDING 
ERECTED. 

At  the  close  of  1873  Councils  passed  an  or- 
dinance creating  a  loan  of  $1,000,000  for 
additional  lots  and  school  buildings.     Out  of 


this  ai)propriation  the  Board  purchased  a  lot 
at  Seventeenth  and  Spring  Garden  streets, 
and  erected  a  building  for  the  Normal  School. 

CONSTITUTIONAL   PROVISION   FOR 
PUBLIC  EDUCATION. 

The  State  Constitution  of  1873  contained 
the  following  article  in  reference  to  public 
education: — 

"Section  i.  The  General  Assembly  shall 
provide  for  the  maintenance  and  support  of  a 
thorough  and  efficient  system  of  public 
schools,  wherein  all  the  children  of  this  Com- 
monwealth above  the  age  of  six  years  may  be 
educated,  and  shall  appropriate  at  least  one 
million  dollars  each  year  for  that  purpose. 

"Sec.  2.  No  money  raised  for  the  support  of 
the  public  schools  of  the  Commonwealth  shall 
be  appropriated  to  or  used  for  the  support  of 
any  sectarian  school. 

"Sec.  3.  Women  twenty-one  years  of  age 
and  upwards  shall  be  eligible  to  any  office  of 
control  or  management  under  the  school  laws 
of  this  State." 

UNIVERSITY  SCHOLARSHIPS 
ESTABLISHED. 

An  important  event  of  the  year  1875  was  an 
arrangement  made  between  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  and  the  city  by  which  fifty  free 
scholarships  in  that  institution  were  per- 
manently estabHshed  for  the  benefit  of  public 
school  pupils.  A  similar  arrangement  was 
made  the  next  year  with  the  Philadelphia 
School  of  Design  for  Women,  and,  in  1880, 
with  the  Pennsylvania  Museum  and  School 
of  Industrial  Art. 

TWO  MORE  NEW  SECTIONS. 

Two  new  wards  were  formed  in  1875,  the 
Thirtieth,  which  was  previously  part  of  the 
Twenty-sixth,  and  the  Thirty-first,  taken  from 
the  Nineteenth.  The  Controllers  appointed 
for  the  two  new  Sections  were  William  J. 
Pollock  and  James  Milligan,  Jr. 


OFFICE  OF  THE  BOARD. 

In  1876  the  office  of  the  Board  of  PtibHc 
Education  was  removed  from  the  Athenaeum 
Building,  at  Sixth  and  Adelphi  streets,  where 
it  had  been  for  many  years,  to  the  present 
quarters  in  the  school-house  on  Filbert  street 
above  Seventh. 

CENTENNIAL  YEAR. 
During  the  Centennial  Exposition  the  public 
schools  received  no  little  notice  from  visitors 
from  other  cities  and  other  countries.  "Amid 
the  vast  concourse  of  people,"  said  President 
Stanton  in  reviewing  the  year,  "who  visited 
Philadelphia  during  the  Centennial  period, 
were  very  many  distinguished  ladies  and 
gentlemen  who  are  recognized  as  leaders  in 
the  cause  of  popular  instruction  in  this  and 
foreign  countries.  England,  Germany,  Rus- 
sia, Austria  and  the  smaller  European  states, 
as  well  as  the  older  but  less  advanced  govern- 
ments of  Asia,  sent  commissioners  to  make 
special'  study  of  the  common  and  collegiate 
systems  of  training  observed  in  the  United 
States;  and  our  city,  with  her  extended  chain 
of  free  schools  and  higher  institutions  of  learn- 
ing, presented  them  a  most  favorable  held  for 
their  labor.  Our  method  of  gratuitous 
popular  instruction  was  conceded  by  all  to  be 
one  of  the  best,  if  not  the  very  best,  exponents 
of  the  general  common  school  system  adopted 
in  this  country,  and  which,  in  the  estimation  of 
foreign  nations,  has  been  most  potential  in 
raising  it  to  its  enviable  position  of  enlight- 
ened citizenship." 

NORMAL  SCHOOL  BUILDING 
DEDICATED. 

The  most  important  event  of  centennial 
year  was  the  completion  and  dedication  of 
the  new  Normal  School  (now  the  Girls'  High 
School)  building,  at  Seventeenth  and  Spring 
Garden  streets.  The  dedicatory  exercises 
were  held  on  the  evening  of  October  30th. 

In  1877  James  Long  succeeded  M.  Hall 
Stanton  as  president  of  the  Board  of  Public 


Education, 
years. 


He  continued  in  office  for  two 


A  REVISION  OF  STUDIES. 
A  joint  committee  consisting  of  the 
Committees  on  University,  Revision  of 
Studies,  Central  High  School  and 
Girls'  Normal  School,  in  1877,  took 
into  consideration  the  subject  of  a 
readjustment  of  the  course  of  study  in  the 
elementary  schools.  They  were  aided  by 
members  of  the  Board  of  Public  Trusts,  the 
Franklin  Institute  and  the  Pennsylvania 
Museum,  beside  teachers  and  other  persons 
interested  in  popular  education.     The  joint 


EDWARD  T.  STEEL. 

committee  consisted  of  Richardson  L. 
Wright,  Simon  Gratz,  Dr.  Andrew  Nebinger, 
Charles  F.  Abbot,  James  S.  Whitney,  Alex- 
ander Adaire,  James  H.  MacBride,  George  W. 
Cox,  James  Freeborn,  Thomas  R.  Davis,  Dr. 
M.  P.  Hutchinson,  M.  Hall  Stanton,  Edward 
T.  Steel  and  John  M.  Campbell.  They  ar- 
ranged a  revised  course  of  study  and  sub- 
mitted it  to  the  Board  in  November,  1877.  It 
was  adopted  and  soon  after  put  into  opera- 
tion. 

STEEL  BECOMES  PRESIDENT. 

Edward  T.  Steel  was  elected  president  of 
the  Board  January  i,  1879,  and  for  ten  years 


ATHENAEUM  BUILDING, 
Sixlh  and  Adelphi  Streets. 


thereafter  performed  the  duties  of  that  of!ice 
with  energy  and  intelHgence. 

NEW  SALARY  SYSTEM  ADOPTED. 

The  most  important  work  of  the  year  1879 
was  the  adoption  of  a  new  basis  and  system 
for  the  payment  of  teachers'  salaries.  Prior 
to  that  time  salaries  were  paid  according  to 
the  grade,  the  smallest  pay  being  given  to 
the  teacher  instructing  in  the  lowest  primary 
grade,  with  higher  compensation  to  teachers 
of  each  advancing  grade.  By  this  new  system 
compensation  was  based  mainly  upon  the 
length  of  service,  as  at  present. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  SUPERINTEND- 
ENCE ORGANIZED. 

In  April,  1881,  the  Board  of  Public  Educa- 
tion decided  "that  skilled  specialists  in  the 
science  of  education  were  necessary  to  super- 
intend and  supervise  the  schools."  An  ap- 
propriation was  granted  by  Councils  for  the 
purpose,  and  the  Department  of  Superintend- 
ence was  created.  It  was  organized  by  the 
election  of  Professor  James  MacAlister,  now 
president  of  the  Drexel  Institute,  as  Superin- 
tendent, and  Andrew  J.  Morrison,  James  F.  C. 
Sickel,  Lydia  A.  Kirby  and  May  Haggen- 
botham  as  assistants. 


SUGGESTIONS  MADE  BY 
MR.  STEEL. 

In  his  report  for  1879  President  Steel  urged 
the  appointment  of  Supervising  Principals, 
and  also  suggested  that  assembly  rooms  be 
provided,  wherever  possible,  in  the  schools. 
He  also  advocated  the  need  of  a  competent 
Superintendent  of  Schools. 

LMI'ROVEMENTS  IN  SCHOOL 
BUILDINGS. 
In  1879  the  first  fire-proof  stairways,  a 
feature  of  school  buildings  required  by  ordi- 
nance of  City  Councils,  passed  in  May,  1877, 
were  placed  in  the  new  school  buildings. 
Marked  improvements  in  the  general  con- 
struction of  school  buildings  followed.  Ad- 
dison Hutton,  a  leading  architect,  prepared 
plans  for  a  number  of  school-houses  arranged 
in  accordance  with  modern  ideas  as  to  light, 
ventilation  and  safety. 

SCHOOL  OF  INDUSTRIAL  ART 
ESTABLISHED. 

By  permission  of  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation the  Public  School  of  Industrial  Art  was 
established  as  an  e.xperiment,  in  1880,  by 
Charles  G.  Leland,  in  a  public  school  building. 
[See  chapter  on  the  School  of  Industrial  Art.] 


UK.  JAMES  Mai  ALISTER. 

TEACHING  OF  SEWING 
INTRODUCED. 

The  teaching  of  sewing  was  begun  in  the 
public  schools  in  1881.  when  it  was  introduced 
in  the  Normal  School.  This  study  was  in- 
cluded in  the  course  adopted  in  1879,  but  sew- 
ing was  not  taught  in  the  elementary  schools 
until  December,  1884,  when  eleven  special 
teachers  were  engaged  and  detailed  to  teach 
in  the  secondary  and  grammar  schools  of 
nine  Sections.  The  experiment  proved  so 
successful  that  instruction  in  sewing  was  soon 
begun  in  all  the  girls'  grammar  schools. 


MANUAL  TRAINING  SCHOOL 
ESTABLISHED. 

In  1884  Councils  made  an  appropriation 
for  manual  training,  and  in  September,  1885, 
a  Manual  Training  School  was  established  as 
a  part  of  the  public  school  system.  Philadel- 
phia was  the  second  city  in  the  United  States 
to  organize  such  a  school,  Baltimore  having 
taken  the  lead.  [See  chapter  on  the  Manual 
Training  Schools.] 

SUPERVISING  PRINCIPALS' 
EXAMINATION. 

In  May,  1885,  the  first  examination  for  the 
Supervising  Principal's  Certificate  was  held. 
Thirty-two  candidates  attended,  of  which 
number  twenty-three  were  successful.  In 
February  of  the  following  year  nineteen 
schools  were  reorganized  and  placed  under  the 
charge  of  Supervising  Principals. 

TRANSFER  OF  FREE  KINDER- 
GARTENS. 

Free  kindergartens  had  already  been  estab- 
lished through  private  contribution  and  had 
been  controlled  by  an  organization  known  as 
the  Sub-Primary  School  Society.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1887,  these  kindergartens,  thirty-two  in 
number,  passed  from  under  the  direction  of 
the  society  to  the  Board  of  Public  Education. 
Miss  Constance  Mackenzie  was  elected 
Director  of  Kindergartens. 

INSTRUCTION  IN  COOKING 
INTRODUCED. 

Cooking  was  added  to  the  curriculum  of  the 
Girls'  High  School  in  1887,  and  cooking 
schools  for  girls  in  the  grammar  grades  were 
subsequently  opened.  There  are  now  seven 
of  these  schools:  Edward  Shippen  School, 
Cherry  street  above  Nineteenth  street ;  James 
Forten  School,  Sixth  street  above  Lombard 
street;  Rutledge  School,  Seventh  and  Norris 
streets;  U.  S.  Grant  School,  Seventeenth 
and  Pine  streets;  George  G.  Meade  School, 
Eighteenth    and    Oxford    streets;     Newton 


School,   Ludlow  street  below    Thirty-sixth; 
Jackson  School.  Twelfth  and  Federal  streets. 

MR.  SHEPPARD  ELECTED 
PRESIDENT. 

Isaac  A.  Sheppard  was  elected  president  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Education.  January  i. 
1889,  when  he  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his 
office  in  the  energetic  manner  which  has  char- 
acterized his  every  effort  in  other  directions. 
He  found  that  additional  school  buildings 
were  greatly  needed,  and  earnestly  urged  an 
appropriation  sufficient  to  cover  the  expense 
of  their  erection.  [For  portrait  and  biographi- 
cal sketch  of  Mr.  Sheppard  see  Chapter  on 
Schools  of  the  Sixteenth  Section.] 

FOUR  NEW  SECTIONS. 

The  Thirty-second  and  Thirty-third  Wards 
were  formed  in  1888  by  the  division  of  the 
Twenty-eighth  and  Twenty-fifth  Wards. 
William  B.  Gill  was  appointed  to  represent  the 
Thirty-second  Section  in  the  Board  of  Public 
Education,  and  George  W.  Crouch,  the  Thirty- 
third.  In  1889  the  Thirty-fourth  Ward  was 
formed  by  the  division  of  the  Twenty-fourth, 
and  the  following  year  a  part  of  the  Twenty- 
third  Ward  was  made  the  Thirty-fifth. 
Joseph  R.  Rhoads  and  Thomas  Shallcross 
were  respectively  chosen  to  represent  these 
two  new  Sections. 

NEED  OF  NEW  TEACHERS 
ADVOCATED. 

During  Mr.  Steel's  term  as  president  he  had 
again  and  again  urged  the  advisability  of  in- 
ducing men  to  enter  the  schools  as  teachers. 
He  held  that  in  certain  grades  of  boys'  schools 
it  was  highly  important  to  have  men  teachers 
exclusively.  Mr.  Sheppard  followed  Mr. 
Steel  in  advocating  this  idea.  In  his  report 
for  the  year  1889  Mr.  Sheppard  said: — 

"In  my  last  report,  in  calling  attention  to 
this  subject,  I  expressed  the  opinion  that  boys 
of  twelve  years  of  age  and  upwards  ought  to 
be  under  the  tutelage  of  a  master.  The  ex- 
perience and  close  observation  of  another  year 


have  fully  confirmed  me  in  the  belief  that  the 
position  then  taken  was  correct.  Thoughtful 
men  will  generally  admit  that  the  period  indi- 
cated is  the  most  critical  of  a  boy's  life,  and 
that  boys  are  therein  exposed  to  temptations 
of  which  women,  and  young  women  especi- 
ally, know  nothing;  and  the  existence  of 
which  they,  perhaps,  do  not  even  suspect. 
Moreover,  the  public  welfare  demands  that 
the  large  number  of  boys  who  never  get 
beyond  the  grammar  schools  should  have  re- 
ceived clear  and  forcible  instruction  in  those 
elementary  ])rinciples  of  government  upon 
which  our  national  life  depends,  and  in  the 
<luties  and  responsibilities  of  citizenship.  *  * 
A  woman,  no  matter  how  painstaking  and 
conscientious,  will,  by  reason  of  her  natural 
limitations,  teach  from  a  woman's  point  of 
view.  Woman's  method  of  thought  and 
illustration  differ  from  those  of  man,  and, 
upon  the  larger  boys,  make  less  impression, 
and  are  more  easily  forgotten  by  them  when 
they  come  in  contact  with  the  world.  Suc- 
cessful teaching  springs  out  of  actual  personal 
experience  in  the  duties  and  dangers  of  life; 
and  a  good  man,  out  of  the  treasures  of  his 
experience  as  a  man,  can  bring  forth  much 
that  the  boys  under  his  care  surely  need  to 
know,  but  which  a  woman  could  never  impart 
because  of  her  wholly  different  experience." 
Superintendent  MacAlister  said  on  this 
subject  in  one  of  his  reports:  "It  is  my  con- 
viction that  the  Board  has  now  before  it  no 
more  important  question  than  the  best  means 
to  bring  into  the  service  a  sufficient  number 
of  young  men,  possessing  the  education, 
character  and  ambition  to  make  successful 
teachers." 

SCHOOL  OF  PEDAGOGY 
ESTABLISHED. 

The  agitation  of  years  resulted,  in  Septem- 
ber, 1 89 1,  in  the  establishment  of  the  School 
of  Pedagogy  for  the  training  of  youns:  men  as 
teachers.  Professor  Henry  Clark  Johnson, 
then  president  of  the  faculty  of  the  Central 
High    School    was    made    president    of    the 


faculty  of  the  new  school,  and  the  entire  corps 
of  instructors  was  composed  of  High  School 
professors. 

DR.  BROOKS  ELECTED  SUPER- 
INTENDENT. 

In  the  spring  of  1891  Dr.  Edward  Brooks, 
an  educator  of  note,  was  elected  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Schools,  to  succeed  Dr. 
James  MacAlister.  [See  chapter  on  Depart- 
ment of  Superintendence.] 

JAMES  FORTEN  SCHOOL 
ORGANIZED. 

The  following  September  the  James  Forten 
Elementary  Manual  Training  School  was 
opened  in  the  building  on  Sixth  street  above 
Lombard.  [See  chapter  on  James  Forten 
Elementary  Manual  Training  School.] 

INCEPTION  OF  THE  FREE 
LIBRARIES. 

City  Councils  appropriated  $15,000  to  the 
Board  of  Public  Education,  with  which  to 
begin  the  establishment  of  free  libraries,  in 
1 89 1.  The  first  library  was  formally  opened 
on  October  17,  1892,  at  the  Wagner  Free  In- 
stitute of  Science,  Seventeenth  street  and 
Montgomery  avenue.  [See  chapter  on  Pub- 
lic Libraries.] 

TWO  MORE  SECTIONS 
REPRESENTED. 

The  Board  of  Public  Education  received 
two  new^  members  in  1892  when  the  Thirty- 
sixth  and  Thirty-seventh  Wards  were  formed 
by  division  of  the  Twenty-sixth  and  Twenty- 
eighth.  George  Haig  and  Dr.  William  K. 
Mattern  were  appointed  to  represent  the  two 
new  Sections. 

NEW  NORMAL  SCHOOL 
OPENED. 

The  handsome  edifice  of  the  Philadelphia 
Normal  School  for  Girls,  Thirteenth  and 
Spring  Garden     streets,  was    completed     in 


1893,  and  in  November  of  that  year  the  new 
school  was  opened.  George  H.  Cliff  was 
chosen  Principal.  The  completion  of  this 
building  enabled  the  Board  of  Public  Educa- 
tion to  properly  organize  a  high  school  for 
girls,  in  the  old  Normal  School  building  at 
Seventeenth  and  Spring  Garden  streets. 

EXHIBITION  AT  THE  WORLD'S 
FAIR. 

There  was  an  excellent  exhibition  of  school 
work  from  Philadelphia  at  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition,  in  Chicago,  in  1893. 
City  Councils  made  an  appropriation  of  $6,000 
to  defray  the  expenses.  "Although  the  space 
allotted  was  somewhat  inadequate,"  said 
President  Sheppard  in  his  annual  report  for 
that  year,  "the  entire  exhibit  was  creditable 
to  the  city,  and  won  high  commendation  from 
prominent  educators." 

HIGH  SCHOOL  CORNER-STONE 
LAID. 

The  chief  event  of  the  year  1894  was  the 
laying  of  the  corner-stone  of  the  new  building 
for  the  Central  High  School,  at  the  south- 
west corner  of  Broad  and  Green  streets. 

MR.  GRATZ  ELECTED  PRESIDENT 
PRO  TEM. 

In  January,  1895,  Isaac  A.  Sheppard  tend- 
ered his  resignation  as  president  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education,  on  account  of  ill-health, 
but  the  Board  declined  to  accept  it,  granting 
him,  instead,  an  extended  leave  of  ab- 
sence. Simon  Gratz,  member  of  the 
Board  from  the  Eighth  Section,  was 
elected  president  pro  tern.,  to  serve  un- 
til such  time  as  Mr.  Sheppard  might  feel 
able  to  resume  his  duties  as  president. 

SUMMER  PLAY-GROUNDS. 

During  the  summer  vacation  of  1895  the 
yards  of  public  schools  in  thickly-settled  sec- 
tions of  the  city  were  kept  open  as  play- 
grounds for  poor  children.     They  proved  so 


popular  and  were  apparently  productive  of  so 
much  good  that  twelve  yards  were  thrown 
open  the  following  summer.  The  custom  has 
doubtless  come  to  stay.  The  credit  for  put- 
ting this  most  excellent  plan  into  successful 
operation  is  largely  due  to  Paul  Kavanagh, 
member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
from  the  Twenty-sixth  Section,  to  whom,  as 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Property,  the 
matter  was  referred,  and  who  spared  no 
pains  to  make  the  yards  attractive  to  the  chil- 
dren. 

COMPULSORY  EDUCATION  ACT. 

In  1895  the  Legislature  passed  a  compul- 
sory education  bill.  Compulsory  education 
had  been  talked  of  since  the  time  of  Roberts 
Vaux,  and  several  unsuccessful  efforts  were 
made,  previous  to  1895,  to  secure  legislation 
concerning  it. 

In  placing  his  signature  on  the  Act  of  1895, 
Governor  Hastings  wrote: — 

"By  giving  my  approval  to  this  measure, 
there  will  appear  upon  our  statute  books  for 
the  first  time  in  the  historv  of  the  Common- 
wealth a  compulsory  educational  law. 

"The  General  Assembly  in  the  sessions  of 
1 89 1  and  1893  passed  a  compulsory  educa- 
tional act  somewhat  similar  to  the  present 
measure,  each  of  which  met  with  Executive 
disapproval.  There  appears  to  be  throughout 
the  Commonwealth  a  general  desire  for  such  a 
law.  I  have  not  received  a  single  protest 
from  any  citizen  against  this  bill  so  far  as  I 
recall.  The  unanimity  with  which  it  was 
passed  by  the  Legislature,  as  well  as  the  large 
number  of  requests  made  upon  me  to  sign  it, 
clearly  indicate  the  general  desire  on  the  part 
of  the  people  for  a  compulsory  educational 
law.  Under  these  conditions,  I  am  convinced 
that  I  should  not  obtrude  any  individual  judg- 
ment which  I  may  have  on  this  question  of 
public  policy.  This  measure  provides  for 
compulsory  education  in  perhaps  the  lear.t 
objectionable  form  to  those  who  oppose  it  on 
principle,   and   offends   as   little   against    the 


36 


personal  rights  of  the  citizen  as  possible.  I, 
therefore,  approve  the  bill,  but,  if  by  experi- 
ence the  expectations  of  the  people  are  not 
realized,  future  legislation  dc^uhtless  will  meet 
their  demands." 

The  act  is  called  "An  Act  to  provide  for 
the  attendance  of  children  in  the  schools  of 
this  Conunonwealth  and  making  an  enumera- 
tion of  children  for  that  purpose;  also  provid- 
ing compensation  for  the  assessors  making 
the  enumeration,  and  providing  penalties  for 
violations  of  this  act." 

The  first  section  of  the  act  reads  as  fol- 
lows : — 

"Be  it  enacted,  etc..  That  everv  parent, 
guardian  or  other  person  of  this  Common- 
wealth, having  control  or  charge  of  a  child  or 
children  between  the  ages  of  eight  and  thir- 
teen years,  shall  be  required  to  send  such  child 
or  children  to  a  school  in  which  the  common 
English  branches  are  taught,  and  such  child 
or  children  shall  attend  such  school  during 
at  least  sixteen  weeks  of  each  year  in  which 
schools  in  their  respective  districts  shall  be  in 
session,  unless  such  child  or  children  shall  be 
excused  from  such  attendance  by  the  board  of 
the  school  district  in  which  parent,  guardian 
or  other  person  resides,  upon  the  presentation 
to  said  board  of  satisfactory  evidence  showing 
such  child  or  children  are  prevented  from  at- 
tendance at  school,  or  application  to  study,  by 
mental  or  physical  or  other  urgent  reasons: 
provided,  that  in  case  there  be  no  public 
school  in  session  within  tw'O  miles  of  the  near- 
est traveled  road  of  any  person  within  the 
school  district,  he  or  she  shall  not  be  liable  to 
the  provisions  of  this  act:  provided,  that  this 
act  shall  not  apply  to  any  child  that  has  been 
or  is  being  otherwise  instructed  in  the  com- 
mon English  branches  of  learning  for  a  like 
period  of  time:  and  provided  further,  that  the 
certificate  of  any  principal  of  any  school  or 
educational  institution,  or  of  any  teacher,  that 
any  child  has  been  or  is  being  so  instructed, 
issued  to  such  child  or  its  parents  or  guardians 
shall  be  sufficient  and  satisfactory  evidence 
thereof." 


The  other  sections  provide  a  penalty  for 
violation  of  the  act,  and  also  provide  for  the 
appointment  of  attendance  officers,  the  assess- 
ment of  children,  etc. 

LAW  NOT  ENFORCED  IN 
PHILADELPHIA. 

In  the  spring  of  1896  a  census  of  children  of 
school  age  was  taken  by  the  assessors,  but  the 
lists  are  defective,  in  that  they  give  the  names, 
age,  etc.,  but  do  not  tell  whether  or  not  a 
child  attends  school.  Moreover,  there  are 
not  sufficient  school  buildings  at  the  present 
time  to  properly  accommodate  the  children 
who  attend,  and  it  would  be  practically  impos- 
sible to  enforce  the  compulsory  education  act 
before  some  substantial  provision  was  made 
to  accommodate  the  thousands  of  additional 
children  who  would  thus  be  brought  into  the 
schools.  The  matter  is  being  agitated,  and 
as  soon  as  arrangements  can  be  made  to  pro- 
vide suitable  accommodations  for  the  new 
pupils  the  law  will  be  enforced. 

INSUFFICIENT  SCHOOL  ACCOM- 
MODATIONS. 

The  lack  of  proper  school  accommodations 
is  keenly  felt  at  the  present  time,  and  has  been 
for  some  years  past.  At  the  close  of  1895 
there  were  129  classes,  containing  6,521 
pupils,  on  half-time,  as  it  is  called.  That  is, 
part  of  the  children  in  a  class  attend  school 
only  in  the  morning  and  others  only  in  the 
afternoon.*  The  adoption  of  this  pernicious 
system  was  made  necessary  by  the  lack  of 
school  accommodations.  There  is  no  alterna- 
tive between  putting  pupils  on  half  time  and 
turning  some  away  from  school  altogether. 
Of  the  two  evils  the  Board  of  Public  Educa- 
tion has  chosen  the  less. 

Regarding  this  matter  President  pro  tem. 
Gratz  said,  in  his  annual  report  for  the  year 

1895:- 

*In  the  primary  and  secondary  grades  the  "half-time" 
pupils  are  in  school  three  hours  a  day.  Those  in  the  gram- 
mar grades  have  a  session  of  three  and  one-half  hours. 
Pupils  on  full  time  are  in  school  five  hours  a  day. 


"If  it  be  asked  why  the  Board  does  not  pro- 
vide for  them  [children  on  half  time]  by  rent- 
ing additional  buildings,  the  answer  is.  that 
even  if  we  had  an  adequate  appropriation, 
there  is  extreme  difficulty  in  obtaining  build- 
ings that  are  at  all  suitable  for  this  use;  and 
that,  wherever  it  is  possible  to  rent  buildings 
in  which  children  can  be  placed  with  due  re- 
gard to  their  safety  and  health,  they  are 
invariably  secured  if  the  means  of  the  Board 
will  permit.  But  rented  buildings  are,  at 
best,  to  be  tolerated  only  as  makeshifts;  and 
proper  permanent  relief  cannot  be  had  until 
Councils  shall  make  appropriations  which  will 
enable  the  Board  to  erect  the  school-houses 
now  so  urgently  needed,  and  to  exercise  proper 
foresight  with  regard  to  the  future  wants 
of  sections  which  are  rapidly  increasing  in 
population.  It  is  believed  that  Councils  fully 
recognize  the  force  of  the  request  we  have  so 
repeatedly  made;  and  that,  as  soon  as  the 
municipal  finances  shall  warrant  a  liberal  ap- 
propriation for  this  purpose,  it  will  be  made." 

WELL-CONSTRUCTED 
BUILDINGS. 

A  reference  made  by  Mr.  Gratz  in  a  subse- 
quent paragraph  to  the  construction  of  school 
building  is  worthy  of  a  place  here: — 

**I  gladly  embrace  this  opportunity  to  quote 
the  unsolicited  testimony  of  Messrs.  John  S. 
Stevens,  D.  H.  Watts  and  Allen  B.  Rorke,  in 
regard  to  the  construction  and  character  of 
our  recently  erected  school-houses.  These 
gentlemen,  all  of  whom  are  known  as  builders 
of  large  experience  and  high  repute,  were  re- 
quested by  the  City  Controller  to  report  to 
him  in  regard  to  a  single  item  involved  in  the 
construction  of  the  buildings.  The  thorough 
examination  that  they  made  led  them  to  send 
the  Board  a  written  communication,  in  which 
they  say:  'During  our  visit  to  the  new  school- 
houses,  in  company  with  City  Controller 
Walton,  we  were  much  impressed  with  the 
marked  improvement  in  the  mode  of  construc- 
tion, the  character  of  the  workmanship,  and 
the  general  convenience  of  the  buildings,  as 


compared  with  those  erected  some  years  since. 
*  *  *  We  extend  our  congratulations,  with 
hopes  that  your  efforts  in  furnishing  healthful, 
convenient  and  attractive  school-houses  may 
continue  until  every  child  in  this  great  city 
may  have  ample  accommodations  to  obtain  a 
good  and  thorough  education.'  " 

STUDY  OF  MUSIC  RESTORED. 

The  study  of  vocal  music  was  restored  to 
the  course  in  the  elementary  schools  in  1895. 
It  had  been  adopted  some  twentv-eight  years 
previous,  but  in  1879  was  dropped.  A  lack  of 
funds  has  made  impossible  the  election  of  a 
superintendent  of  music,  but  the  study  is 
being  gradually  introduced  in  the  schools  and 
taught  by  the  regular  teachers. 

PUBLIC   LIBRARIES  TRANSFERRED. 

The  public  libraries  were  transferred  from 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Education  on  Januarv  i,  1896,  to  the  control 
of  a  newly  organized  Board  of  Trustees. 

SCHOOL  OF  PEDAGOGY 
REORGANIZED. 

In  the  spring  of  i8q6  the  Board  of  Public 
Education  passed  resolutions  authorizing  the 
Committee  on  Central  High  School  to  create 
a  department  in  that  school  to  be  called  the 
Department  of  the  Science  of  Pedagogies,  the 
course  of  instruction  to  be  two  years.  The 
virtual  effect  of  this  action  was  to  improve 
and  extend  the  course  in  the  School  of  Peda- 
gogy- 

CHANGES  IN  THE  CURRICULUM. 

In  April,  1896,  a  resolution  was  of-l 
fered  in  the  Board  by  A.  M.  Spangler,] 
member  from  the  Fourteenth  Section, 
which  resulted  in  instructions  being  givei 
to  the  Committee  on  Revision  of  Studies 
to  examine  the  graded  course  of  in- 
struction and  report  to  the  Board  whether 
any  and  what  changes  should  be  mac 
in  it.  In  July  the  committee  reported  t( 
the  Board  that  after  a  thorough  investieatioj 


it  had  been  led  to  the  conchision  that  the 
curricuUim  needed  no  radical  change.  It 
suggested  a  number  of  minor  improvements 
however.  The  report  was  adopted  by  the 
Board. 

PROSPEROUS  CONDITION  OF 
THE  SCHOOLS. 

The  public  schools  are  now  flourishing  as 
never  before  in  all  their  history,  notwithstand- 
ingdifticulties  in  thewayof  their  advancement, 
such  as  the  lack  of  sufficient  accommodations. 
At  the  close  of  the  year  1895  there  were  425 
schools,  with  3,161  teachers  and  132,052 
pupils.  When  these  figures  are  compared 
with  those  of  earlier  years  the  marvellous 
growth  of  the  schools  can  be  readily  noted. 
[See  Statistics.] 

GRATZ  ELECTED  PRESIDENT. 
At  the  close  of  1896  Isaac  A.  Sheppard  re- 
signed his  seat  in  the  Board  of  Public  Educa- 
tion; and  in  January,  1897,  Simon  Gratz,  who 
had  been  President  pro  tem  for  two  years,  was 
elected  President.  At  the  same  time  Samuel 
1j.  Huey  was  elected  Vice-President. 

INTROSPECTIVE. 

The  outlook  is  a  bright  one.     With  the  ap- 
priation  of  sufficient  money  to  properly  care 


for  all  the  children  who  will  become  pupils 
when  the  compulsory  education  law  is  en- 
forced, the  public  schools  will  be  increased  in 
number  and  improved  in  many  ways.  Altera- 
tions in  the  course  of  study  are  being  made 
from  time  to  time,  with  a  view  to  increasing 
the  efficiency  of  the  schools,  and  new  and  im- 
proved methods  are  being  engrafted  in  the 
system. 

Never  have  the  schools  received  so  much 
notice  from  the  public  press,  the  reflector  of 
the  public  mind,  as  at  present.  This  is  surely 
an  indication  that  the  citizens  of  Philadelphia 
are  awakening  to  a  more  lively  realization  of 
the  importance  of  maintaining  in  its  best  form 
a  system  of  public  schools.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  public  sentiment  in  this  direction  may 
extend  an  influence  over  City  Councils  so 
great  that  these  honorable  bodies  may  be 
brought  in  the  near  future  to  see  the  neces- 
sity of  providing  more  liberally  for  the  needs 
of  the  schools. 

If  the  same  energy  and  care  shall  be  exer- 
cised in  the  administration  of  the  public 
school  system  during  the  coming  century  that 
has  been  displayed  during  that  which  is  now 
drawing  to  a  close,  the  historian  for  the 
twentieth  century  shall  add  to  the  facts  here 
chronicled  the  recital  of  still  greater  ends  ac- 
complished and  a  mighter  work  well  done. 


Courses  of  Instruction' 


The  last  twenty-five  years  have  witnessed 
many  changes  in  the  curriculum  of  the  ele- 
mentary schools.  The  present  curriculums 
of  the  elementary  schools  of  the  various  cities 
of  the  country  are  a  growth  determined  by 
the  clearer  conception  of  educational  doctrine 
and  the  improvement  of  the  work  of  the  class 
room. 

The  growth  of  the  curriculum  in  Philadel- 
phia is  an  interesting  chapter  in  educational 
history.  Prior  to  1868  there  seems  to  have 
been  no  fixed  course  of  instruction  in  the  ele- 
mentary schools.  In  that  year  the  Commit- 
tee on  Revision  of  Studies  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  prepared  the 
first  graded  course  of  studies  used  in 
the  elementary  schools  of  the  city.  Two 
years  later,  in  1870,  this  course  was  re- 
vised by  the  Committee  on  Revision  of  Stud- 
ies in  connection  with  a  committee  of 
grammar  school  Principals,  consisting  of  F.  F. 
Christine,  Edw^ard  Gideon,  Edgar  A.  Singer, 
James  F.  C.  Sickel  and  George  W.  Schock. 
The  grammar  school  Principals,  referring  to 
the  difficulty  of  having  teachers  carry  out  the 
course  of  study,  recommended  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  superintendent  of  schools  for  each 
Section  to  enforce  the  system  of  instruction. 
They  also  recommended  that  the  name  "divis- 
ion" be  abolished  and  the  term  "grade"  be 
substituted  in  its  place,  which  recommenda- 
tion was  adopted  by  the  Board  in  1877.  In 
1875.  through  the  oflfer  of  a  number  of 
scholarships  in  the  Tow^ne  Scientific  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  it 
became  necessary  to  revise  the  curriculum  of 
the  so-called  Senior  Classes  of  the  grammar 


schools;  and  this  task  was  entrusted  to  a  com- 
mittee of  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
acting  in  connection  with  a  committee  of 
grammar  school  Principals,  consisting  of 
Messrs.  Singer,  Sickel,  Gideon,  Sayre  and 
Maguire. 

In  attempting  the  revision  it  w^as  found  that 
they  had  begun  at  the  wrong  end  of  the  sys- 
tem, and  that  to  give  unity  to  the  work  of 
instruction  the  entire  course  should  be 
revised.  This  work  was  entrusted  to  a  joint 
committee  composed  of  the  Committees  on 
the  University,  Revision  of  Studies,  Central 
High  School  and  Normal  School,  acting  in 
connection  with  the  Principals  of  grammar 
schools  named  above,  and  the  course  prepared 
was  adopted  by  the  Board  on  November  29, 
1877.  In  presenting  their  report  to  the  Board 
it  was  stated  that  the  committee  had  been 
"aided  by  the  counsel  of  prominent  members 
of  the  Board  of  Public  Trusts,  the  Franklin 
Institute  and  the  Pennsylvania  Museum  of 
Industrial  Arts;  of  eminent  private  gentlemen 
interested  in  the  subject  of  general  and 
popular  education,  and  of  teachers  of  ability 
and  of  experience  in  our  schools ;  and  the  com- 
mittee had  also  carefully  examined  the  graded 
courses  of  study  then  in  use  in  the  schools  of 
Philadelphia,  together  with  the  courses  of 
study  adopted  in  other  large  cities  of  the 
United  States."     This  course  of  1877,  with  a 


*The  review  here  given  of  the  various  courses  of  instruc- 
tion in  the  Philadelphia  public  schools  since  1868,  is  taken 
almost  word  for  word  from  the  annual  report  of  the  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Schools  for  1895.  The  author  believes 
this  sketch  to  be  the  most  clear  and  at  the  same  time  the 
most  concise  review  of  the  subject  that  has  been  written.  It 
purports  to  be  simply  a  history  of  the  changes  made  and 
does  not  pretend  to  be  a  dissertation  on  the  courses  them- 
selves. 


slight  revision  made  January,  1880,  remained 
in  operation  until  the  organization  of  the  De- 
partment of  Superintendence,  in  1883. 

One  of  the  earliest  acts  of  the  Superintend- 
ent was  the  revision  of  the  Course  of  Instruc- 
tion in  the  primary  and  secondary  schools, 
with  the  purpose,  as  the  Superintendent 
stated,  of  "simplifying  the  work  of  the  pupils 
and  introducing  methods  of  teaching  more 
in  harmony  with  the  natural  laws  which  regu- 
late the  growth  and  development  of  a  child's 
being,"  Nothing  new  was  claimed  for  the 
course,  but  that  "its  principles  had  been 
thoroughly  tested  in  the  best  schools  of  this 
country  and  Europe,  and  had  received  the 
approval  of  the  ablest  teachers  and  the  highest 
authorities  in  education."  This  course  for 
the  primary  and  the  secondary  schools  was 
adopted  by  the  Board,  and  went  into  opera- 
tion in  1884.  Ill  1886  a  corresponding  revis- 
ion of  the  Course  of  Instruction  in  the  gram- 
mar schools  was  made,  which  was  approved  by 
the  Board  and  introduced  into  the  schools. 
A  leading  object  of  the  course  in  the  mind  of 
the  Superintendent  was  the  improvement  of 
the  methods  of  teaching,  which  in  many  re- 
spects were  antiquated  and  mechanical,  such 
as  singing  the  multiplication  table,  singing  or 


chanting  lists  of  words  in  the  spelling  book, 
and  lists  of  cities,  towns,  rivers,  etc.,  in  geog- 
raphy. While  the  course  was  received  with 
feelings  of  dissent  on  the  part  of  some  teach- 
ers, it  was  taken  hold  of  with  interest  by  many 
others,  and  resulted  in  banishing  many  bad 
practices  from  the  schools  and  in  introducing 
many  improved  methods  of  instruction. 

This  Course  of  Instruction  Dr.  Edward 
Brooks  found  in  use  in  the  schools  when  he 
entered  upon  his  duties  as  Superintendent  in 
1 89 1.  It  was  the  result  of  a  careful  study  of 
the  systems  in  use  in  the  more  progressive 
cities,  and  represented  in  the  main  advanced 
and  generally  accepted  ideas  of  elementary 
instruction.  A  thoughtful  study  of  its  pro- 
visions, combined  with  observation  and  testi- 
mony in  respect  to  its  working  in  the  class 
room,  enabled  him  to  advise  certain  changes, 
which,  in  his  judgment,  would  simplify  and 
improve  the  work  of  the  schools.  All  the 
changes  which  he  has  made  have  been  in  the 
direction  of  eliminating  difficulties  from  the 
course  and  rendering  it  more  practical  and 
still  more  in  harmony  with  the  natural  laws  of 
the  development  of  a  child's  mind.  Changes 
which  are  still  contemplated  by  him  are  in  the 
same  direction. 


Department 

— of— 

Superintendence 


Department  of  Superintendence 


For  many  years  Philadelphia  stood  alone  in 
having  no  executive  officer  in  the  adminis- 
tration of  its  school  affairs,  but  the  weakness 
and  incongruity  of  the  public  school  system 
without  responsible  management  gradually 
became  evident  to  the  members  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education  and  to  others  interested 
in  the  welfare  of  the  schools,  and  a  movement 
was  begun  to  secure  a  system  of  school 
supervision  similar  to  that  which  had  long 
been  established  in  other  cities  throughout 
the  United  States.  After  ten  years  of  effort 
the  necessary  appropriation  was  secured  from 
Councils,  and  a  Superintendent  was  chosen, 
who  entered  upon  his  duties  May  i,  1883. 

From  the  first  the  Department  of  Superin- 
tendence directed  its  efforts  to  the  revision, 
improvement  and  extension  of  the  courses  of 
instruction;  to  the  introduction  of  better 
methods  of  teaching,  based  upon  sound  educa- 
tional principles;  to  the  training  of  teachers 
and  the  elevation  of  the  standard  of  the  teach- 
er's work,  and  to  the  cultivation  of  a  greater 
interest  in  the  public  mind  in  behalf  of  the 
schools. 


COURSES  OF  INSTRUCTION 
REVISED. 

The  first  work  of  the  Superintendent  was 
the  revision  of  the  courses  of  instruction. 
Early  in  1884  a  new  course  for  primary  grades 
was  prepared,  and  was  adopted  by  the  Board  of 
Public  Education.  This  was  followed  in  1885 
by  a  revised  course  for  the  secondary  grades, 
and  in  1886  by  a  revised  course  for  grammar 
grades.     These  courses  completely  changed 


the  methods  of  instruction  which  had  been  in 
use  in  the  elementary  schools  for  many  years. 

In  1892  the  course  in  arithmetic  was  again 
revised,  and  specific  directions  were  presented 
for  carrymg  it  out.  In  1893  an  experimental 
course  in  drawing  was  issued,  from  the  results 
of  which  a  permanent  course  has  recently 
been  prepared.  In  1895  a  new  and  ex- 
tended course  in  language  was  introduced, 
the  purpose  of  which  was  to  develop  facility 
and  accuracy  in  the  use  of  the  English  lan- 
guage, and  also  to  train  the  pupils  of  the 
schools  to  appreciate  and  read  good  litera- 
ture. This  course  was  accompanied  by  a  list 
of  books  suitable  for  reading  by  pupils  of  the 
different  grades. 

In  1895  the  Superintendent  presented  a  re- 
port upon  the  methods  of  teaching  music, 
recommending  its  introduction  into  the  ele- 
mentary schools.  The  recommendation  was 
adopted  by  the  Board  of  Public  Education, 
and  a  course  of  instruction  in  music  was  pre- 
pared, which  is  now  ready  for  presentation  to 
the  Board.  Penmanship  has  also  received  the 
special  attention  of  the  department,  and  ex- 
periments which  -are  being  made  with  the 
vertical  system  of  writing  give  promise  of 
gratifying  results.  Other  modifications  and 
readjustments  of  the  course  of  instruction 
are  under  consideration. 


SYSTEM  OF  SUPERVISING  PRIN- 
CIPALS INTRODUCED. 

Next  in  importance  to  the  revision  of  the 
course  of  instruction  was  the  introduction 
of  the  system  of  Supervising  Principals,  the 


success  of  which  was  greatly  facilitated  by  the 
Superintendency.  Under  the  old  plan  of  or- 
ganization the  Principal  taught  a  class, 
instead  of  supervising  and  directing  the  work 
and  discipline  of  the  entire  school.  This  ar- 
rangement was  unsatisfactory,  and  the  Board 
of  Public  Education  had  attempted  an  im- 
provement in  school  administration  by  the 
appointment  of  Principals  in  certain  schools 
whose  duty  it  was  to  direct  the  work  of  the 
schools  rather  than  to  teach. 

In  1883  the  present  system  of  organization 
luider  Supervising  Principals  was  adopted  by 
the  Board,  and  the  first  examination  of  can- 
didates for  the  special  certificate  required  for 
the  new  position  of  Supervising  Principal  was 
held  in  May,  1885.  At  present  there  are  one 
hundred  and  three  schools  under  Supervising 
Principals  in  thirty-one  Sections  of  the  city. 


EXAMINATIONS  AND 
PROMOTIONS. 

School  examinations  and  promotions  early 
received  the  attention  of  the  Superintendent. 
Formerly  the  Principals  formulated  the  ques- 
tions for  their  own  schools,  and  in  a  building 
containing  several  separate  school  organiza- 
tions there  were  often  as  many  different 
standards  for  promotion  as  there  were 
Principals.  Candidates  for  admission  into  the 
higher  schools  were  examined  upon  different 
sets  of  questions,  and  there  was  no  uniformity 
of  qualifications  at  any  stage  in  the  course. 

The  adoption  of  the  revised  courses  of  in- 
struction led  to  a  plan  of  uniform  examina- 
tions for  promotions.  Questions  are  now  pre- 
pared by  the  Department  of  Superintendence, 
and  these  are  delivered  in  sealed  envelopes  to 
the  Principals,  who  assign  them  to  the  pupils 
of  the  various  grades.  The  tabulated  results 
of  the  examinations  are  sent  to  the  Superin- 
tendent's office,  and  cases  which  require  in- 
vestigation receive  special  attention.  A 
uniform  examination  is  given  to  all  twelfth 
grade  pupils  applying  for  admission  to  the 


higher  schools  and  uniform  standards  of  ad- 
mission are  required. 


ADMISSION  TO  THE  HIGHER 
SCHOOLS. 

The  interests  of  both  the  grammar  and  the 
high  schools  have  been  promoted  by  the 
raising  of  the  standards  for  admission  to  the 
latter.  A  general  average  of  60  was  form- 
erly all  that  was  required  for  admission  to  the 
high  schools;  the  class  average  in  arithmetic 
seldom  reached  50,  and  the  pupils  were  occa- 
sionally admitted  with  a  zero  in  this  branch  of 
study.  In  1884  the  general  average  for  ad- 
mission was  raised  to  65,  with  a  required  per- 
centage of  50  in  reading,  language  and  arith- 
metic, and  in  1892  the  general  average  was 
fixed  at  70. 

The  Superintendent  in  his  report  upon  this 
subject,  in  1892,  said:  "High  .tandards  always 
exercise  a  stimulating  and  invigorating  effect 
upon  the  work  of  both  pupils  and  teachers, 
and  tend  to  promote  the  interests  of  educa- 
tion." The  results  of  the  examinations  held 
since  the  change  was  made  show  that  as  large 
a  percentage  of  candidates  pass  the  examina- 
tion as  formerly. 

ATTENTION  TO  INDUSTRIAL 
EDUCATION. 

In  1885  the  Board  of  Public  Education  de- 
cided to  establish  a  manual  training  school, 
in  which  movement  the  Superintendent 
rendered  efficient  aid.  The  same  motives 
which  prompted  the  establishment  of  the 
manual  training  school  led,  in  1884,  to  the  in- 
troduction of  sewing  into  all  girls'  schools; 
while,  in  1887,  cooking  was  added  to  the  cur- 
riculum of  the  Girls'  High  School,  and  a  little 
later  cooking  schools  for  girls  of  the  grammar 
grades  were  established  and  placed  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Superintendent. 

In  order  to  further  extend  the  industrial 
element  of  education,  the  Superintendent,  in 
1893,  presented  a  report  on  wood- working  in 


46 


grammar  grades  to  the  Board  of  Public  Edit- 
cation,  but  for  lack  of  money  to  fit  up  rooms 
and  pay  teachers  the  work  has  not  been  intro- 
duced by  the  Board. 

SUPERVISION  OF  KINDER- 
GARTENS. 

The  public  kindergartens  were  organized 
by  the  Sub-Primary  School  Society  in  1879, 
and  in  1887,  Councils  having  made  an  appro- 
priation for  their  support,  they  were  placed 
under  the  charge  of  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation, and  became  a  part  of  the  educational 
system  of  the  city.  In  1893  they  were  trans- 
ferred to  the  care  of  the  Department  of 
Superintendence  and  have  since  been  under 
its  supervision. 

COURSES  OF  STUDY 
FORMULATED. 

In  1 89 1  the  Board  of  Public  Education  de- 
cided to  separate  the  normal  training  depart- 
ment from  the  Girls'  Normal  School,  and  to 
organize  two  separate  institutions,  a  Girls' 
High  School  and  a  Normal  School,  and  the 
Superintendent,  at  the  request  of  the  Board, 
prepared  the  necessary  courses  of  study.  The 
scheme  of  normal  training  prepared  by  him 
has  recently  been  adopted  by  the  National 
Educational  Association,  the  highest  educa- 
tional authority  in  the  land. 

PLAN  OF  THE  SCHOOL  OF 
PEDAGOGY. 

In  1 89 1  the  Superintendent  prepared  a  plan 
for  the  organization  of  the  School  of  Peda- 
gogy, which  was  established  in  connection 
with  the  Central  High  School,  to  provide  for 
the  training  of  young  men  for  the  profession 
of  teaching.  Owing  to  the  limited  period  of 
one  year,  fixed  by  the  Board  of  Public  Educa- 
tion for  the  work,  only  a  part  of  the  cource 
could  be  carried  out,  but  it  has  recently  been 
decided  to  organize  the  school  with  a  two 
years'  course,  in  the  broad  and  comprehensive 
lines  indicated  by  the  Superintendent. 


REGULATING  THE  ABSENCE 
OF  TEACHERS. 

In  1893  a  new  series  of  rules  was  formulated 
by  the  Superintendent  to  regulate  the  absence 
of  teachers  and  to  provide  for  and  pav  com- 
petent substitutes.  In  approval  of  this  plan 
President  Sheppard,  in  a  subsequent  report, 
said:  "The  rules  established  by  the  Board  in 
regard  to  the  absence  of  teachers  and  the  em- 
ployment of  substitute  teachers  have  been 
beneficial  by  diminishing  the  number  of  absen- 
tees." His  figures  show  "an  improvement  of 
25  per  cent,  under  the  operation  of  the  new 
rules.'' 

CULTIVATING  A  SPIRIT  OF 
PATRIOTISM. 

Realizing  the  vast  importance  of  the  cul- 
tivation of  a  ispirit  of  patriotism  on  the  part 
of  the  pupils  of  the  public  schools,  the  Super- 
intendent, in  1893,  recommended  the  com- 
memoration by  appropriate  exercises  of  the 
landing  of  William  Penn,  in  1682,  and  of  the 
adoption  of  the  American  flag,  in  1777,  two 
important  events  connected  with  the  history 
of  Philadelphia.  The  celebration  of  Penn 
Day,  October  27th,  and  of  Flag  Day,  June 
14th,  has  become  a  regular  custom  in  the 
schools  of  the  city,  the  exercises  being  varied 
to  suit  the  pupils  of  the  various  grades. 

ELEVATION  OF  STANDARDS. 

One  of  the  most  important  results  of  the  in- 
fluence of  the  Department  of  Superintendence 
has  been  the  gradual  elevation  of  the  stand- 
ards of  scholastic  and  professional  qualifica- 
tion among  the  teachers  of  the  public  schools. 
In  1884  the  duty  of  conducting  the  examina- 
tions for  certifying  teachers  was  assigned  to 
the  department,  and  by  the  advice  of  the  Su- 
perintendent the  examinations  were  made 
annual  and  the  requirements  for  certificates 
modified  and  enlarged.  In  1892,  upon  the 
recommendation  of  the  Superintendent,  psy- 
chology and  plane  geometry  were  added  to 
the  requirements  for  the  certificates  for  Prin- 
cipals and  assistants. 


IN  TOUCH  WITH  THE 
TEACHERS. 

The  creation  of  the  Department  of  Superin- 
tendence for  the  purpose  of  directing  the  work 
of  the  schools  was  an  acknowledgment  of  the 
dignity  and  importance  of  the  teacher's  duties 
and  responsibilities.  The  discussion  of  edu- 
cational principles  and  methods,  of  improved 
school  management,  and  of  the  history  of 
education,  developed  a  new  interest  in  school 
matters  and  a  desire  for  professional  improve- 
ment, and  the  courses  of  lectures  upon  educa- 
tional topics  which  have  been  given  by  the 
Superintendent  have  been  attended  by  en- 
thusiastic teachers.  These  lecture  courses 
have  been  continued  from  time  to  time,  as 
the  duties  of  the  Superintendent  would  per- 
mit, and  the  large  audiences  at  the  Normal 
School  during  the  winter  of  1895-96  on  the 
evenings  of  the  Superintendent's  lectures  on 
Psychology  attested  the  general  interest  of 
teachers  in  educational  study. 

PEDAGOGICAL  LIBRARY. 

The  desire  for  study  and  the  demand  for 
educational  literature  led  to  the  foundation  of 
the  Pedagogical  Library.  It  was  thought 
desirable  to  have  at  command  the  best  authori- 
ties on  the  history,  science  and  art  of  edu- 
cation for  the  use  of  those  connected  with  the 
Superintendent's  office,  and  for  the  teachers 
and  others  engaged  in  educational  work  con- 
nected with  the  public  school  system  of  the 
city.  A  number  of  books  were  gradually 
brought  together  through  the  liberality  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education,  and  the  City 
Councils  now  make  an  annual  appropriation 
to  sustain  it. 

CO-OPERATION  WITH  TEACHERS' 
ORGANIZATIONS. 

The  cordial  co-operation  of  the  Teachers' 
Institute  with  the  Department  of  Superin- 
tendence has  been  a  decided  impetus  to  educa- 
tional progress.  Another  important  factor  in 
the  uplifting  of  the  teacher's  profession  was 
the  organization,  in    1892,   through   the  in- 


fluence of  the  Superintendent,  of  the  Educa- 
tional Club. 

TEACHERS'  POST-GRADUATE 
COURSE. 

In  1892  the  Superintendent  effected  an  ar- 
rangement with  the  authorities  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  for  the  admission  of 
teachers  desirous  of  pursuing  higher  courses  of 
study  to  the  classes  of  that  institution. 
Special  afternoon  and  Saturday  classes  were 
formed  for  the  accommodation  of  these  teach- 
ers, and  sixty-five  were  in  attendance  the  first 
year.  At  the  present  time  over  two  hundred 
men  and  women,  teachers  in  the  public 
schools,  are  attending  various  courses  of 
L^niversity  lectures. 

SPECIFIC  DUTIES  OF  THE 
DEPARTMENT. 

The  duties  of  the  Superintendent  of  Schools 
and  of  his  assistants  are  stated  definitely  in 
the  By-Laws  of  the  Board  of  Public  Educa- 
tion, as  prepared  at  the  time  of  the  adoption 
of  the  Superintendency,  in  1883;  but  the  work 
of  the  Department  has  so  increased  that  no 
series  of  rules  could  adequately  set  forth  the 
duties  and  responsibilities  of  the  Superintend- 
ent and  his  corps  of  assistants.  Some  of  the 
most  important  of  these  duties  are  here 
given : — 

1.  To  visit  and  inspect  schools  and  assist 
weak  and  inexperienced  teachers  by  suggest- 
ing and  illustrating  better  methods  of  work; 
to  counsel  with  Principals  and  Supervising 
Principals  as  to  methods  of  teaching  and 
discipline,  examinations  and  promotions,  and 
to  render  help  in  other  matters  pertaining  t<> 
the  efficient  management  of  the  schools. 

2.  To  hold  meetings  of  teachers  for  the 
purpose  of  assisting  and  guiding  them  in  their 
work,  and  to  explain  definitely  the  meaning 
and  application  of  the  course  of  study. 

3.  To   prepare  uniform  questions   for   the 
examination  of  all  pupils  of  the  elementary 
schools,  and  to  make  the  necessary  arrange- 1 
ments  for  conducting  such  examinations,  and  | 


lor  the  promotion  of  all  pupils  who  shall  he 
found  prepared  to  go  on  with  a  higher  grade 
of  school  work. 

4.  To  see  that  the  courses  of  study  and  all 
rules  and  regulations  adopted  by  the  Board  of 
Public  Education  for  the  government  of  the 
schools  are  carried  out. 

5.  To  give  information  to  the  proper  com- 
mittees of  the  Board  of  Public  Education  con- 
cerning the  manner  in  which  teachers  perform 
their  duties,  reporting  the  names  of  such 
as  after  due  trial  shall  prove  to  be  incom- 
petent or  neglectful  of  their  duties;  to  report. 
when  necessary,  upon  the  sanitary  condition  of 


Miss  A.  S.  HOOVER, 
Superintendent's  Clerk. 

school  buildings;  to  meet  with  committees  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Education  for  the  inspec- 
tion of  monthly  reports  of  schools;  to  report 
schools  requiring  additional  teachers  and  rec- 
ommend the  dropping  of  teachers  when 
schools  fall  below  the  required  numbers;  to 
make  suggestions  for  the  improvement  of  the 
schools  and  their  better  classification  and 
management. 

6.  To  meet  with  members  of  the  sectional 
boards  and  counsel  with  them  upon  matters 
pertaining  to  the  best  interests  of  the  schools. 

7.  To  prepare  the  forms  of  all  reports,  reg- 
isters, record-books,  blanks  and  cards  used 
in  the  schools. 

8.  To  examine  the  monthly  and  annual  re- 
ports of  schools,  to  see  that  all  mistakes  in 


them  are  corrected,  and  to  prepare  statistics 
for  the  use  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
and  for  the  State  and  National  Governments. 

9.  To  keep  the  records  of  the  absence  of 
teachers  and  of  applications  for  leave  of 
absence,  and  make  necessary  reports  upon  the 
absence  of  teachers  to  the  proper  committee 
of  the  Board  of  Public  Education. 

10.  To  make  such  special  reports  upon  any 
matter  of  school  interest  as  the  Board  of 
Public  Education  or  the  committees  of  the 
Board  may  call  for. 

11.  To  make  such  changes  in  the  graded 
course  of  instruction  as  may  from  time  to 
time  be  thought  conducive  to  the  best  in- 
terests of  the  pupils,  and  to  make  such  educa- 
tional experiments  as  may  be  thought  wise  in 
determining  the  educational  values  of  new  and 
special  subjects  of  training  or  instruction. 

12.  To  visit  and  inspect  the  work  of  the 
High  Schools,  the  Manual  Training  Schools 
and  the  Normal  School;  to  confer  with  the 
Principals  and  committees  in  charge  thereof 
in  relation  to  the  work  of  these  schools,  and 
to  suggest  such  changes  in  the  courses  of 
study  as  may  be  considered  advantageous  to 
the  interests  of  the  schools  or  necessary  to 
secure  the  more  efficient  training  of  their 
pupils. 

13.  To  organize  and  superintend  the  w^ork 
of  the  teachers  of  sewing  and  of  cooking. 

14.  To  superintend  the  Pedagogical  Li- 
brary of  the  Department  of  Superintendence; 
to  select  suitable  works  on  the  subject  of  edu- 
cation, and  to  advise  teachers  with  respect  to 
courses  of  reading  and  the  proper  use  of  the 
library. 

15.  To  conduct  the  annual  examinations  of 
teachers,  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education,  and  to  hold  such 
special  examinations  as  the  Board  may  from 
time  to  time  direct. 

The  department  consists  of  the  Superin- 
tendent and  eight  assistants,  including  a  di- 
rector of  drawing  and  director  of  kinder- 
eartens. 


DR.  EDWARD  BROOKS. 


Dr.  Edward  Brooks,  Superintendent  of 
Public  Schools  in  Philadelphia,  was  born  at 
Stony  Point,  New  York,  in  1831.  By  means 
of  superior  common  school  advantages,  in 
connection  with  private  tuition  and  a  natural 
love  for  study,  he  had  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
completed  quite  a  thorough  academic  course 
of  study.  He  then  spent  three  years  in  his 
father's  factory,  devoting  his  leisure  moments 
to  the  study  of  literature,  mathematics, 
natural  science  and  the  practice  of  literary 
composition.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he 
began  his  career  as  a  teacher  in  a  village 
school  in  the  State  of  New  York.  The  fol- 
lowing year,  in  order  to  prepare  himself  more 
fully  for  educational  work,  he  entered  the 
Liberty  Normal  Institute,  and  at  the  close  of 
his  course  graduated  as  valedictorian  of  his 
class. 

While  attending  the  Normal  School  he  was 
invited  to  enter  the  University  of  Northern 
Pennsylvania  as  an  assistant  teacher,  with  the 
opportunity  of  continuing  his  studies  in 
higher  mathematics  and  literature.  In  these 
studies  he  so  distinguished  himself  that  before 
the  end  of  the  year,  the  professor  being  ill, 


he  began  to  teach  the  classes  in  higher  mathe- 
matics; and  the  following  year  he  was  elected 
professor  of  the  department.  The  year  after 
he  had  charge  also  of  the  department  of  litera- 
ture and  aided  in  introducing  and  developing 
the  new  system  of  grammatical  analysis  which 
was  just  being  introduced.  A  change  in  the 
administration  led  him  to  take  the  chair  of 
literature  and  mathematics  in  the  Monticello 
Academy,  N.  Y.,  and  the  following  year  he 
accepted  an  invitation  to  go  to  Millersville, 
Pa.,  on  the  establishment  of  the  Normal 
School,  in  1855.  He  was  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics in  this  institution  for  eleven  years, 
during  which  time  he  developed  a  system  of 
mathematical  instruction  that  gave  the  Mil- 
lersville School  a  national  reputation.  His 
series  of  mathematical  text-books  aided  in 
revolutionizing  the  methods  of  mathematical 
instruction  throughout  the  country  and  be- 
came models  for  many  other  series  of  works 
upon  the  subject. 

In  1866  he  was  elected  president  of  the  State 
Normal  School,  and  under  his  control  the  in- 
stitution achieved  a  reputation  second  to 
none  in  the  country.  His  course  of  instruction 


in  pedagogy  was  thorough  and  progres- 
sive and  anticipated  much  that  is  now  known 
as  the  New  Education.  The  teachers  he 
trained  were  sought  for  far  and  wide,  and 
many  of  them  now  occupy  leading  educational 
positions  in  the  state  and  country.  Out  of 
his  lectures  on  pedagogy  grew  his  two  works 
on  education,  "Normal  Methods  of  Teaching" 
and  ''Mental  Science  and  Culture."  These 
works  have  been  widely  used  in  the  education 
of  teachers.  His  treatise  on  the  "Philosophy 
of  Arithmetic"  is  a  unique  and  masterly  pro- 
duction, and  shows  the  author  to  be  a  philo- 
sophic thinker  of  rare  powers  of  analysis  and 
generalization. 

During  the  last  twenty  years  Dr.  Brooks 
has  been  regarded  as  one  of  the  foremost 
educators  of  the  country.  While  at  Millers- 
ville  he  was  frequently  invited  to  the  presi- 
dency of  other  educational  institutions  at  an 
increase  of  salary.  In  1858  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
Union  College.  In  1868  he  was  unanimously 
elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Teachers'  Association.  In  1876  the 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  three  different  institu- 
tions. During  the  same  year  he  was  presi- 
dent of  the  normal  department  of  the  Na- 
tional Teachers'  Association.  At  the  Cen- 
tennial Exposition  in  Philadelphia  he  had 
charge  of  the  normal  department  of  the 
Pennsylvania  exhibit;  and  his  mathematical 
I  works  which  were  on  exhibition  were  favor- 
!  ably  noticed  by  the  French  Commissioners  of 
Education  in  their  report  to  their  govern- 
ment. 


In  1883  he  resigned  his  position  at  Millers- 
ville  to  take  a  much-needed  rest  and  settled 
in  Philadelphia.  The  following  year  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  National  School  of 
Oratory,  but  resigned  at  the  end  of  a  year  to 
engage  in  literary  and  more  general  educa- 
tional work.  His  services  as  a  lecturer  were 
in  demand  from  all  parts  of  the  country.  He 
gave  courses  of  lectures  in  all  parts  of  Penn- 
sylvania, was  connected  with  summer  schools 
for  the  education  of  teachers  at  Saratoga, 
Round  Lake,  Glenn  Falls,  etc.,  and  for  two 
years  had  charge  of  the  normal  department  of 
the  Florida  Chautauqua. 

In  the  spring  of  1891  he  was  elected  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Schools  in  Philadelphia. 
His  most  important  work,  so  far,  has  been  the 
reorganization  of  the  Girls'  High  School,  with 
its  three  distinct  courses  of  study,  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  separate  Normal  School  for  Girls 
with  a  two  years'  course  of  pedagogical  train- 
ing, the  revision  of  the  course  of  instruction 
in  arithmetic  for  the  elementary  schools,  the 
revision  of  the  course  in  language,  the  re- 
vision of  the  course  in  drawing,  the  intro- 
duction of  music  into  the  public  schools  and 
the  organization  of  the  Educational  Club. 

In  1893  he  was  president  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Superintendence  of  the  National 
Educational  Association,  and  the  meeting 
held  in  Boston  w^as  a  notable  one  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  Association.  In  1894  he  was  a 
member  of  the  "Committee  of  Fifteen,"  ap- 
pointed by  the  National  Educational  Associa- 
tion to  report  on  courses  of  study  for  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  the  country. 


ANDREW  J.  MORRISON. 


Andrew  J.  Morrison,  Assistant  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Schools,  was  horn  on  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1844,  in  Bucks  County,  and  has 
devoted  all  his  manhood  years  to  educational 
work.  From  the  Roxborough  Grammar 
School  he  entered  the  Central  High  School, 
and  subsequently  Tennent  Academy.  In 
later  years  he  was  Principal  of  the  following 
schools:  Tillyer,  Wheat  Sheaf,  Thirty-fifth 
Section;  Landreth,  Thirty-sixth  Section; 
South  Ward  Grammar  School,  Camden,  N.  J. ; 
Irving,  Twenty-fifth  Section,  and  Northern 
Liberties,  Eleventh  Section.  From  1881  to 
1883  he  was  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  the 
Central  High  School. 

When  the  Department  of  Superintendence 
was  organized,  in  1883,  Mr.  Morrison  was 
among  the  first  selected  for  the  important 


post  of  assistant.  His  character  as  a  teacher, 
his  executive  ability  and  his  winning  person- 
ality combined  to  make  him  the  ideal  man  for 
the  place.  His  executive  ability  was  par- 
ticularly shown  from  January  i  to  September 
I,  1891,  during  which  time  he  was  Acting 
Superintendent. 

As  Senior  Assistant  Superintendent,  con-^ 
nected  with  the  department  since  its  organiza- 
tion, at  a  time  when  it  was  regarded  by  edu- 
cators in  all  parts  of  the  country  as  at  least  a] 
doubtful  experiment  and  likely  to  prove 
failure.  Professor  Morrison  has  seen  the  de- 
partment grow  in  importance,  influence  and 
usefulness,  until  it  commands  respect  at  home 
and  abroad;  and  to  his  untiring  energy  and 
indefatigable  work  a  great  measure  of  its 
phenomenal  success  is  due. 


JAMES  F.  C.  SICKEL. 


James  Fenimore  Cooper  Sickel,  Assistant 
Superintendent  of  Public  Schools,  was  born 
in  Bucks  County,  Pa.,  October  lo,  1834.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Bucks 
County  and  Philadelphia,  and  at  Plainfield 
Academy,  Carlisle,  Pa.  In  1857  he  assumed 
control  of  the  George  K.  Heller  School, 
Cheltenham,  Pa.,  remaining  there  for  two 
years.  In  1859  he  took  charge  of  the  Evans- 
burg  Public  School,  Montgomery  County, 
Pa.^ 

In  1 86 1  he  became  Principal  of  the  Barren 
Hill  Public  School,  Barren  Hill,  Montgomery 
County,  but  resigned  the  same  year  to  take 
charge  of  the  High  School  in  Milford,  Del. 
When  the  Civil  War  broke  out  he  returned  to 
Philadelphia  and  became  Principal  of  the 
\Vheat  Sheaf  Consolidated  School,  sub- 
sequently becoming  Principal  of  the  Forest 
Consolidated  School  at  the  Falls  of  Schuylkill. 
In  1869  he  was  chosen  Principal  of  the  New- 
ton Boys'  Grammar  School,  Twenty-  seventh 
Section,  which  position  he  held  until  he  was 
elected  an  assistant  superintendent  of  public 
schools,  in   1883. 


Mr.  Sickel  has,  during  the  last  thirty-iive 
years,  been  in  the  front  ranks  of  those  who 
have  most  earnestly  favored,  at  all  times,  edu- 
cational progress  and  reform.  He  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Teachers'  Institute  in  1875,  was 
re-elected  in  1876;  was  chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Centennial  Matters  in  1876,  and 
w^as  chairman  of  a  committee  that  organized 
systematic  instruction  in  drawing  for  all  the 
teachers  in  the  elementary  schools. 

Mr.  Sickel  has  always  been  progressive 
whether  as  teacher,  as  principal  or  as  assis- 
tant superintendent.  As  an  evidence  of  this, 
in  1881,  while  Principal  of  the  Newton  School, 
he  proposed  to  the  Committee  of  the  local 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Section,  that  pro- 
motions in  the  school  should  be  made  on  the 
plan  of  exempting  from  examinations  those 
W'ho  were  manifestly  qualified  for  promotion, 
while  conditioning  or  examining  only  those 
concerning  whom  there  w-as  a  doubt.  This 
idea,  however,  was  too  much  in  advance  of  the 
times. 

He  also  endeavored  to  bring  about  the 
adoption  of  "minimums"  in  the  fundamental 


branches  as  a  condition  for  promotion  in  the  Mr.  Sickel  was  a  member  of  the  committee 

final  examination.     About  this  time  the  Su-  of    principals    that    made  the  first    detailed 

perintendent  of  Schools  of  St.  Paul  put  into  course  of  instruction  adopted  for  use  in  the 

practice  Mr.  Sickel's  plan  of  making  promo-  Philadelphia  public  schools.     He  has  always 

tions,  and  it  has  remained  to  the  present  time,  been  an  active  advocate  of  supervision  of  the 

and  with  most  beneficial  results.  public  schools. 


^I^f^jj^ 


LYDIA  A.  KIRBY. 


Lydia  A.  Kirby,  Assistant  Superinteiulent 
of  Public  Schools,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
her  family  having^  resided  in  this  city  since  the 
time  of  the  Revolution.  Her  great-grand- 
father was  a  drummer  boy  in  the  War  of  1812, 
and  he  served  his  country  during  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion.  Miss  Kirby  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Philadelphia,  and  in  the 
Friends'  School  on  W^alnut  street,  entering 
the  Normal  School  from  the  latter.  After 
graduating  from  the  Normal  School,  she  was 
appointed  to  an  assistant's  position  in  the 
secondary  department  of  the  school  on  Seven- 
teenth street  above  Fairmount  avenue.  From 
that  position  she  was  transferred  to  the  Lin- 
coln Boys'  Grammar  School  and  afterward 
obtained  the  position  of  principal  of  the 
primary  school  at  Nineteenth  and  North 
streets.  Transferred  then  to  the  boys'  gram- 
mar school  as  first  assistant  she  subsequently 
became  first  assistant  in  the  girls'  grammar 


school.  When  the  Principal  of  the  Lincoln 
Girls'  Grammar  School  was  married  Miss 
Kirby  was  selected  for  that  position. 

While  Miss  Kirby  was  Principal  of  the  Lin- 
coln School  the  number  of  divisions  was 
doubled  and  the  number  of  pupils  became 
more  than  twice  as  great  as  when  she  took  the 
school. 

No  pupils  sent  by  her  to  the  High  School 
were  rejected,  and  no  one  sent  to  the 
examination  held  by  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation for  applicants  for  teachers'  certificates 
failed  to  pass.  This  is  a  record  of  which  she 
is  pardonably  proud.  Her  acknowledged 
ability  brought  the  request  from  the  commit- 
tee that  she  should  become  teacher  of 
Methods  of  Instruction  in  the  Philadelphia 
Normal  School.  She  held  this  position  less 
than  two  years,  leaving  it,  in  1883,  to  become 
one  of  the  Assistant  Superintendents  of 
Schools. 


"prl'^pp'' 


EDGAR  ARTHUR  SINGER. 


Edgar  Arthur  Singer.  Assistant  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Schools,  was  born  in  Dear- 
born County,  Ind.,  April  13,  1841.  He  re- 
moved to  New  Orleans,  afterward  to  the 
vicinity  of  Cincinnati,  then  to  Philadelphia. 
He  attended  the  Fayette  School,  Bustleton. 
and  was  admitted  to  the  Central  High  School. 
February,  1855.  He  then  returned  to  the 
Fayette  School  and  studied  Latin  and  mathe- 
matics under  George  W.  Fetter,  after- 
ward Principal  of  the  Girls'  Normal  School. 
Subsequently  he  became  teacher  of  the  God- 
frey School,  Byberry,  1857;  of  the  Franklin 
School,  near  League  Island,  i860;  Principal  of 
Central  School  and  of  North  Ward  School, 
Camden,  1862- 1865;  of  Zane  Street  Grammar 
School  and  of  Keystone  Grammar  School. 
Philadelphia.  1865- 1872;  of  Halliwell  Gram- 
mar School.  1 872- 1 886.  He  was  elected  As- 
sistant Superintendent  of  Schools  in  1886 
and  entered  upon  his  duties  January  i, 
1887. 

Mr.  Singer  is  a  member  of  the  Teachers* 
Institute,    the    Educational    Club,    the  State 


Teachers'  Association,  the  National  Educa- 
tional Association  and  the  National  Council 
of  Education.     He  was  representative  to  the 
National  Educational  Association,   1880  and 
1 88 1,  and  was  a  member  of  various  commit- 
tees on  courses  of  study.     In  order  to  estab- 
lish a  closer  relation  between  the  public  school 
system  of  Philadelphia  and  the  University,  and 
to  secure  the  advantages  of  the  higher  educa-^ 
tion  offered  by  the  University,  he  entered  upoi 
a  post-graduate  course,  in  1893,  in  philosophy/ 
English  literature  and  pedagogy,  and,  in  lune. 
1896.  obtained  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Phi- 
losophy. 

The  success  achieved  by  Mr.  Singer  is  at- 
tributed by  him  to  interest  in  his  profession, 
and  to  patient,  continuous  hard  work.  He 
has  always  performed  faithfully  the  duties  in- 
cumbent upon  every  position  that  he  has 
occupied,  and  while  waiting  for  calls  to  higher 
places,  he  has  striven  to  qualify  himself 
for  the  proper  discharge  of  the  duties  con- 
nected with  those  higher  positions.  Early  in 
life  he  "learned  to  labor  and  to  wait." 


CHARLES  HENRY  KAIN. 


Charles  Henry  Kain.  Assistant  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Schools,  was  born  in  1840, 
at  Pemberton,  X.  J.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  afterward  attended  the 
New  Jersey  State  Normal  School,  at  Trenton, 
and  prepared  for  college  at  Trenton  Classical 
Academy.  From  Lewisburg  (now  Bucknell) 
University  he  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
A.  M.,  in  1868.  For  five  years  Mr.  Kain 
taught  in  the  district  schools  of  New  Jersey. 
He  conducted  a  private  school  for  three  years 
and  became  Principal  of  the  North  Ward 
School,  Camden,  in  1868;  of  the  E.  A.  Stevens 
School,  in  1872.  Two  years  later  he  came  to 
Philadelphia  to  take  charge  of  the  Northwest 
Boys'  Grammar  School. 

In  1886,  three  years  after  the  Department 
of  Superintendence  was  organized,  the  force 
of  assistants  was  increased  by  the  selection  of 
Mr.  Kain,  and  the  wisdom  of  the  choice  was 
soon  made  apparent.     He  was  imbued  with  an 


intense  love  of  the  work,  and  his  previ- 
ous experience  as  teacher  and  Principal 
gave  him  a  thorough  mastery  of  the 
duties  assigned  him.  He  modestly  attri- 
butes his  success  to  the  fact  that  for 
several  years  he  was  in  close  touch  with 
primary  work,  always  having  a  deep  inter- 
est in  the  study  of  the  mental  development 
of  the  young  child.  The  knowledge  thus 
acquired  proved  of  incalculable  value  to  him 
during  his  experience  in  the  grammar  grades 
and  of  still  greater  benefit  when  he  was  called 
to  a  higher  sphere. 

The  schools  of  Philadelphia,  and  especially 
those  in  the  sections  under  his  immediate 
direction,  owe  much  to  the  sympathetic  effort 
of  Assistant  Superintendent  Kain.  He  is  a 
man  who  adheres  firmly  to  his  convictions, 
and  his  thorough  sympathy  with  the  teachers' 
work  and  his  deep  sincerity  always  beget 
respect  for  his  principles. 


MARY  WRIGHT. 


Miss  Mary  Wright,  Assistant  Superintend- 
ent of  Public  Schools,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia and  received  her  early  education  in  a 
Friends'  school  in  this  city.  Later  she 
entered  a  grammar  school,  from  which  she 
went  to  the  Girls'  High  School,  graduating 
with  distinction  at  the  completion  of  the 
course. 

Soon  after  her  graduation  she  began  her 
work  as  a  teacher  in  the  first  grade  of  the 
public  schools,  advancing  gradually  through 
various  grades  of  the  primary,  secondary  and 
grammar  schools,  in  each  position  distinguish- 
ing herself  as  an  intelligent  and  skillful 
teacher. 

In  the  summer  of  1881  Miss  Wright  was 
offered  the  principalship  of  the  Lincoln  Girls' 
Grammar  School,  which  she  accepted,  entering 
upon  the  duties  of  the  position  the  following 
September.  The  high  standing  which  this 
school  had  already  acquired  was  fully  main- 
tained during  Miss  Wright's  principalship. 
The  ability  of  her  management  and  the 
success  of  the  school  under  her  administration 


were  so  conspicuous  as  to  attract  wide  at- 
tention and  placed  her  in  the  first  rank  of 
public  school  principals  of  the  city. 

In  October,  1882,  Miss  Wright  was  elected 
teacher  of  Methods  of  Instruction  in  the  Girls' 
Normal  School.  A  careful  student  of  educa- 
tional principles  for  many  years,  with  a 
natural  aptitude  for  the  training  of  teachers, 
her  work  in  this  department  was  characterized 
by  its  sympathy  with  the  best  educational 
thought  of  the  times.  She  introduced  into 
her  classes  the  most  approved  methods  of 
teaching,  and  rendered  efficient  service  in  the 
cause  of  educational  reform  in  Philadelphia 
by  her  intelligent  interpretation  to  her  pupils 
of  the  new  courses  of  study.  The  high  char- 
acter of  her  work  in  this  position  was 
recognized  by  the  Superintendent  of  Public 
Schools,  and  upon  his  recommendation,  in 
1889,  she  was  appointed  one  of  the  assistant 
superintendents. 

Miss  Wright  has  charge  of  the  schools  of 
the  Second,  Third,  Thirteenth  and  Twenty- 
ninth  sections  and  also  of  part  of  the  schools 


of  the  Nineteenth  andTwenty-ninth  sections.  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools,  in  which 

She    also    has    supervision    of    the    cooking  her  literary  taste  and  familiarity  with  authors 

schools,  organizing  them  annually  in  Septem-  and  books,  the  results  of  years  of  reading  and 

ber  and  overseeing  their  work  throughout  the  study,  have  been  of  great  value  in  the  sclec- 

year.     In  addition  to  her  other  duties  she  has  tion  of  works  and  the  direction  of  the  reading 

charge   of   the    Pedagogical    Library    of   the  of  the  teachers  who  use  the  library. 


WILLIAM  ALBERT  MASON. 


William  Albert  Mason,  Director  of  Draw- 
ing in  the  Public  Schools,  was  born  in  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  December  25,  1854.  After  a 
preparatory  course  of  study  at  the  local 
schools,  he  entered  the  Cambridge  High 
School,  but  left  it  before  the  time  for  his 
graduation  in  order  to  enter  the  Massachu- 
setts Institute  of  Technology,  where  he 
took  a  two  years'  course  in  civil  engineer- 
ing. He  afterward  completed  a  course  at 
the  Massachusetts  Normal  Art  School, 
Boston,  from  which  he  graduated  as  Art 
Master. 

Following  his  perfect  training  for  the  life- 
work  he  had  selected,  Mr.  Mason  became  a 
teacher  of  art  in  the  school  from  which  he  had 
graduated,  remaining  during  1876-7.  He  was 
Supervisor  of  Drawing  in  the  Worcester 
schools,  1877-8;  Director  of  the  Art  Depart- 
ment of  the  Ohio  State  University,  Columbus, 


1880-83;  Vice-Principal  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Museum  and  School  of  Industrial  Art,  1883- 
87;  Professor  of  Drawing  in  the  Central  High 
School,  1 887- 1 892.  In  October,  1892,  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  elected  Mr.  Mason 
as  Assistant  Superintendent,  with  especial 
supervision  of  drawing. 

The  work  assigned  to  Mr.  Mason  is  differ- 
ent from  that  exacted  from  his  associates. 
Having  a  particular  branch  to  oversee,  his 
time  is  given  not  only  to  the  instruction  of 
children,  but  of  teachers  as  well.  He  visits 
every  school  throughout  the  city  and  has  de- 
livered over  two  hundred  lectures  on  drawing 
to  principals  and  assistants.  Every  fall  he 
gives  a  course  of  lectures  and  supplements 
them  with  additional  lectures  in  the  spring. 
In  his  school  visits  he  gives  model  lessons  in 
one  or  more  grades  and  inspects  the  work  in 
drawing. 


The  Kindergarten  System 


The  kinderg-arten  system  of  Philadelphia 
comprises  ii8  kindergartens,  distributed  over 
a  territory  of  130  square  miles;  160  teachers 
are  employed  and  there  are  5,500  children  en- 
rolled. The  practical  part  of  the  organiza- 
tion of  this  system  comprises  the  life-work  of 
Miss  Constance  Mackenzie,  Director  of  Public 
Kindergartens. 

In  1 88 1,  Miss  Anna  Hallowell,  now  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Public  Education,  ap- 
pointed Miss  Mackenzie  principal  of  the  first 


CONSTANCE  MACKENZIE. 

free  kindergarten  then  in  operation.  The 
movement  was  clearly  an  experiment,  and  its 
success  or  failure  depended  in  no  small  meas- 
ure upon  the  work  done  by  the  new  Principal 
and  her  sister.  Miss  Adele  Mackenzie,  who 
was  named  assistant. 

In    three    years    Miss    Hallowell    and    her 
friends  had  made  the  Sub-Primary  Society  an 


active  influence  in  the  educational  affairs  of 
the  city.  Sub-primary  schools,  as  the  kinder- 
gartens were  called,  had  multiplied  and  the 
need  for  further  extension  had  been  demon- 
strated by  the  real  missionary  work  done  by 
the  pioneers  in  the  more  densely  crowded  dis- 
tricts. Intelligent  centralization  and  practi- 
cal direction  had  become  a  necessity,  and,  be- 
cause of  her  success  in  her  work  among  the 
children  and  her  own  growth  along  its  special 
lines.  Miss  Mackenzie  was  selected  for  the 
position  of  superintendent. 

In  January,  1887,  the  kindergartens  were 
adopted  as  a  part  of  Philadelphia's  public 
school  system  and  Miss  Mackenzie  was  invited 
to  continue  her  work.  The  position  of  Di- 
rector of  Public  Kindergartens  was  created, 
to  which  she  was  elected. 

The  change  from  a  private  system  increased 
the  burdens  and  responsibilities  of  the  work 
as  well  as  its  honors.  A  new  and  uniform 
standard  of  requirements  for  kindergartens 
had  to  be  established.  Lectures  carefully 
prepared  for  the  unification  of  the  work  and 
bearing  on  the  many  special  features  of  the 
kindergartner's  relations  to  her  pupils,  re- 
quired attention.  Regular  and  frequent  visits 
to  the  classes  were  necessary  in  order  that  the 
Director  might  comprehend  an  intimate 
knowledge  of  each  kindergartner's  capacities 
and  needs.  New  kindergartens  were  to  be 
opened  and  the  inexperienced  guided  during 
their  initiate,  that  period  so  important  in  its 
bearing  on  the  future  usefulness  of  every 
teacher.  The  exhibition  craze  which  afflicted 
Philadelphia,  as  well  as  other  educational 
centres,  also  demanded  the  expenditure  of 
much  time  and  energv. 


Apart  from  this  physical  strain  and  the  con- 
stant drain  on  the  sympathies  of  the  Director, 
there  was  another  important  and  difficult 
duty.  The  work  of  the  lowest  primary  grades 
was  to  be  accommodated  to  take  up  that  of 
the  Kindergarten;  and  this  was  not  within  the 
official  province  of  the  Director.  Fortunately. 
Miss  Hallowell  had  been  made  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Education.  She  had  a 
new  vantage  ground  for  continuing  her  agita- 
tion, while  Miss  Mackenzie  encouraged  the 
primary  teachers  to  attend  her  kindergarten 
meetings.  It  may  be  safely  said  that,  to-day, 
owing  to  their  co-operation  and  the  wise  en- 
couragement of  Superintendent  Brooks,  there 
is  a  marked  and  general  tendency  toward  the 
application  of  Froebel's  principles  to  the 
teaching  in  the  lower  grades  and  toward  the 
blending  of  the  work  into  a  compact  system  of 
easy  and  natural  gradation.  Incalculable 
benefit  has  been  derived  from  the  ready  co- 
operation of  the  primary  teachers  and  the 
sagacity  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education  in 
modifying  the  course  at  the  Normal  School. 
The  establishment  of  kindergarten  training 
as  a  part  of  the  curriculum  and  the  ex- 
cellent work  of  Miss  Anna  W.  Williams, 
its  trainer,  leaves  the  impress  of  the  im- 
portance of  the  new  education  upon  the 
mind  of  every  new  teacher  entering  the  public 
service. 

Miss  Mackenzie  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
and  her  antecedents  imply  the  teaching  spirit. 
Her  grandfather,  a  Lutheran  clergyman  of 
Tubinger  University,  was  a  teacher  of  recog- 
nized ability.  Her  father,  Dr.  R.  Shelton 
Mackenzie,  was  widely  known  as  an  author, 
editor  and  critic,  and  for  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury was  eminent  among  the  literary  men  of 
Philadelphia.  Her  early  education  was  di- 
rected at  home,  and  she  grew  up  in  her 
father's  library.  On  leaving  school  she 
was    cjuick    to   recognize    the    value    of    the 


kindergarten  system,  and  she  entered  the 
Philadelphia  Training  School,  then,  as  now, 
under  the  direction  of  Mrs.  M.  L.  Van  Kirk. 

Since  her  graduation  the  scope  of  the  sys- 
tem has  extended  and  broadened,  and  she  has 
had  her  share  in  contributing  to  its  develop- 
ment. A  glance  at  a  few  of  the  subjects  on 
which  she  has  written  during  the  past  ten 
years  indicates  the  philosophical  and 
economic  value  with  which  she  regards  the 
work.  At  the  invitation  of  Commissioner 
Harris,  she  read  before  the  Educational  Con- 
gress, at  Chicago,  two  papers,  ''Character 
Building  in  the  Kindergartens"  and  "The 
Place  and  Value  of  Song  in  the  Kindergar- 
ten." At  the  annual  Confereiice  of  Charities 
and  Corrections,  held  at  St.  Paul  in  1886,  she 
read  a  very  thoughtful  contribution,  "The 
Kindergarten  as  a  Preventive  of  Pauperism 
and  Crime."  "Practical  Psychology  in  the 
Kindergarten"  was  read  at  the  Educational 
Convention  at  Saratoga,  in  1892.  She  wrote 
the  report  on  the  work  in  Philadelphia  for  the 
International  Kindergarten  Association,  in 
the  Council  of  Women,  Chicago,  and  the 
general  article  on  the  subject  for  the  "Inter- 
national Encyclopedia."  Owing  to  the  con- 
tinued ill-health  of  the  president  of  the  Kin- 
dergarten Department  of  the  National  Edu- 
cational Association,  Miss  Susan  E.  Blow,  the 
duties  of  the  office  were  assumed  by  Miss 
Mackenzie,  as  vice-president,  with  Miss 
Blow's  cordial  co-operation.  Miss  Mackenzie 
is  also  president  of  the  Philadelphia  Branch  of 
the  International  Kindergarten  Union,  having 
held  that  office  since  the  founding  of  the 
organization,  in  1892. 

Apart  from  this  strictly  professional  work, 
Miss  Mackenzie  takes  the  liveliest  interest  in 
social  and  literary  affairs  in  Philadelphia. 
Hers  is  a  busy  life  and  one  of  achievement,  one 
which  is  an  inspiration  to  young  women  en- 
gaged in  the  profession  of  teaching. 


state  Department  of  Superintendence 


The  relation  which  the  State  Department 
of   Public    Instruction    bears    to    the    public 


DR.  NATHAN  C.  SCHAEFFER, 
State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 

school  system  of  Philadelphia  has  been  well 
stated    as    "rather    statistical    and    advisory 


than  administrative."  Reports  of  attend- 
ance, etc.,  are  annually  transmitted  to  the 
State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, 
who,  however,  has  no  authority  over  the 
Philadelphia  schools,  further  than  to  see  that 
such  of  the  general  laws  touching  the  schools 
of  the  State  as  apply  to  the  First  School  Dis- 
trict are  enforced. 

The  State  Superintendent  issues  orders  to 
the  State  Treasurer  for  the  payment  to  the 
Philadelphia  authorities  of  the  share  of  the 
annual  appropriation  from  the  State  that  is 
due  this  District,  the  basis  of  distribution  to 
the  various  Districts  being  the  number  of  tax- 
able citizens  residing  therein.  This  number 
is  certified  to  the  Superintendent  triennially 
by  the  County  Commissioners. 

The  present  Superintendent  of  Public  In- 
struction in  Pennsylvania  is  Dr.  Nathan  C. 
Schaeffer,  an  educator  of  renown,  whose 
administration  has  been  a  most  auspicious 
one. 


Board  of  Public  Education 


Board  of  Public  Education 


BOARD  OF  PUBLIC  EDUCATION. 

The  Board  of  Public  Education  is  com- 
posed of  thirty-eight  persons,  each  represent- 
ing a  Ward  or  Section.  The  memoers  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Com- 
mon Pleas,  and  by  virtue  of  their  ofhce  as 
members  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
they  are  members  of  the  boards  of  school  di- 
rectors in  the  Sections  which  they  represent. 
To  be  eligible  for  membership  in  the  Board 
a  candidate  must  possess  the  qualifications  of 
a  State  Senator.*  According  to  a  provision 
in  the  Act  of  Consolidation  no  member  of  the 
Board  can,  at  the  same  time,  serve  as  a  Coun- 
cilman, Guardian  of  the  Poor,  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Health,  or  an  Inspector  of  the 
County  Prison.  This  provision,  however,  has 
not  always  been  regarded  in  the  appointment 
of  members. 

The  terms  of  service  of  one-third  of  the 
members  expire  each  year,  but  the  incum- 
bents are  almost  invariably  re-appointed 
except  at  their  own  desire  to  retire.  No  com- 
pensation is  attached  to  the  office.  The 
Board  meets  annually  for  organization  on  the 
first  Monday  in  January,  elects  a  President 
and  Vice-President  from  among  its  own  num- 
ber, and  elects  also  its  Secretarv,  Assistant 
Secretary,  Architect,  Superintendent  and  sub- 
ordinate salaried  officers.     Regular  meetings 

*"  Senators  shall  be  at  least  twenty-five  years  of  age. 
«  *  *  They  shall  have  been  citizens  and  inhabitants  of  the 
State  four  years,  and  inhabitants  of  their  respective  districts 
one  year  next  before  their  election  (unless  absent  on  the 
public  business  of  the  United  States  or  of  this  State),  and 
shall  reside  in  their  respective  districts  during  their  terms  of 
service.  *  *  *  No  person  hereafter  convicted  of  embezzle- 
ment of  public  moneys,  bribery,  perjury,  or  other  infamous 
crime,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  General  Assembly  or  capable 
of  holding  any  office  of  trust  or  profit  in  this  Commonwealth." 
Constitution  of  1874,  Article  II,  Sections  6  and  7. 


are  held  on  the  second  Tuesday  of  each  month 
and  are  open  to  the  public. 

A  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  CITY. 

Being  a  department  of  the  city  government 
the  Board  makes  a  report  to  the  Mayor  each 
year.  It  is  the  only  one  of  the  municipal  de- 
partments which  is  not  .subject  to  the  estab- 
lishment and  regulation  of  Councils.  The 
Committee  on  Schools  of  Councils  is  author- 
ized to  "exercise  a  general  supervision  over 
the  department  for  the  exposure  and  correc- 
tion of  evils  and  abuses."  But  according  to 
an  opinion  of  the  City  Solicitor,  in  1884,  there 
is  no  law^  which  gives  Councils  the  right,  after 
an  appropriation  has  been  made,  to  control 
the  manner  in  which  school  buildings  shall  be 
erected  and  repaired.** 

GENERAL  POWERS  OF  THE 
BOARD. 

The  Board  is  authorized  by  law  to  deter- 
mine upon  the  number  of  school-houses  and 
to  limit  the  expense  of  their  establishment;  to 
provide  suitable  text-books;  to  have  a  general 
superintendence  over  all  the  schools  in  the 
District,  and  to  make  rules  and  regulations 
for  their  own  government  and  that  of  the  Dis- 
trict. The  Board  is  required,  when  requested 
by    the    State    Superintendent    of    Common 

**  "  The  Committee  [on  Schools  of  Councils]  has  a  right  to 
investigate  and  familiarize  itself  with  the  woik  of  said  Board, 
and  report  thereon  to  Councils,  with  a  view  of  correcting 
and  exposing  any  evils  and  abuses  existing  therein.  It  has, 
however,  no  right  to  assume  control  of  the  business  of  said 
department  after  appropriations  have  been  made.  Your 
committee  cannot,  nor  can  Councils,  control  or  direct  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  in  its  contracts  and  building  im- 
provements. Contracts,  details  of  construction  and  money 
expenditure  are  for  the  determination  of  the  Board." — Ex- 
tract from  City  Solicitor's  opinion. 


67 


Schools,  to  furnish  reports  touching  the  con- 
dition and  management  of  the  schools  in  the 
district. 

The  Board  elects  the  teachers  of  the  higher 
schools  and  determines  the  qualifications  of 
teachers  in  the  elementary  schools.  It  also 
prescribes  the  course  of  study. 

PRESIDENT  OF  THE  BOARD. 

The  President  of  the  Board  is  its  ofificial 
head.  He  annually  appoints  the  standing 
committees.  Until  recently  the  President 
was  obliged  to  sign  all  warrants  for  the  pay- 
ment of  bills  and  salaries,  but  the  Assistant 
Secretary  of  the  Board  is  now  empowered  to 
perform  that  duty  for  him. 

STANDING  COMMITTEES. 

The  Board  of  Public  Education  is  divided 
into  twenty-three  standing  committees.  To 
these  committees  are  referred  nearly  all 
matters  which  come  before  the  Board.  After 
careful  consideration  of  such  matters  the 
committees  agree  to  make  certain  recom- 
mendations thereon,  and  report  them  to  the 
Board.  The  recommendations  of  committees 
are  generally  adopted. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  standing  commit- 
tees:— 

Central  High  School,  Philadelphia  Normal 
School  for  Girls,  Girls'  High  School,  Central 
Manual  Training  School,  Northeast  Manual 
Training  School,  James  Forten  Elementary 
Manual  Training  School,  Revision  of  Studies, 
Text-Books,  Industrial  Art  Education,  Uni- 
versity; Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary 
Schools,  Supplies,  Of^ce,  Night  Schools, 
Legislation,  Qualification  of  Teachers,  Ac- 
counts, Estimates,  Audits,  By-Laws  and 
Rules,  Property,  Superintendence,  Hygiene. 

COMMITTEES  ON  THE  HIGHER 
SCHOOLS. 

The  Committees  on  the  Higher  Schools, 
namely,  the  Committees  on  Central  High 
School,  Philadelphia  Normal  School  for  Girls. 


Girls'  High  School,  Central  Manual  Training 
School  and  Northeast  Manual  Training 
School  have  a  general  supervision  over  those 
schools.  Each  committee  is  expected  to  visit 
the  school  under  its  care  semi-monthly,  and 
in  case  of  a  vacancy  in  the  faculty  to  recom- 
mend to  the  Board  a  suitable  person  to  fill  the 
same. 

The  duties  of  the  Committee  on  the  James 
Forten  Elementary  Manual  Training  School 
are  analogous  to  the  duties  of  the  above  com- 
mittees. 

COMMITTEE  ON  REVISION  OF 
STUDIES. 

The  Committee  on  Revision  of  Studies  re 
ports  from  time  to  time  whatever  changes  it 
deems  expedient  in  the  graded  course  of  in- 
struction. 

COMMITTEE  ON  TEXT-BOOKS. 

The  Committee  on  Text-Books  considers 
the  applications  of  publishers  or  their  agents] 
for  the  introduction  of  new  text-books.     Itj 
guards  against  the  introduction  or  retention 
in  the  schools  of  any  book  improper  or  not! 
well  adapted  to  school  use. 

COMMITTEE  ON  INDUSTRIAL 
ART  EDUCATION. 

The  Committee  on  Industrial  Art  Educa- 
tion has  the  general  direction  of  the  Public] 
School  of  Industrial  Art  and  recommends  the 
award  to  public  school  pupils  of  free  scholarl 
ships  in  the  School  of  Design  and  the  Penn-J 
sylvania   Museum   and   School   of  Industrie 
Art. 

COMMITTEE  ON  UNIVERSITY. 

The  Committee  on  University  apportion! 
the  free  scholarships  in  the  University  o| 
Pennsylvania  among  the  higher  schools,  an( 
recommends  to  the  Board  the  election  ol 
meritorious  pupils  to  be  the  recipients  of  sucl 
scholarships. 


OFFICE  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  PUBLIC  EDUCATION, 

713  Filbert  Street. 

(Also  known  as  the  Zane  Street  School.     Ninth  Section.) 


69 


COMMITTEE  ON  GRAMMAR.  SECON- 
DARY AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOLS. 

The  Committee  on  Grammar,  Secondary 
and  Primary  Schools  considers  all  applications 
for  the  establishment  of  new  schools,  addi- 
tional divisions  and  kinderj^artens.  It  acts 
upon  applications  for  altering  the  salaries  of 
teachers  and  janitors.  It  has  general  charge 
of  the  study  of  sewing  in  the  schools  and  de- 
termines the  qualifications  of  candidates  for 
the  position  of  sewing  teachers,  transmitting 
the  names  of  the  competent  candidates  to  the 
Committee  on  Qualification  of  Teachers. 
The  Superintendent  reports  to  the  Committee 
on  Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary  Schools 
any  unsatisfactory  schools,  divisions  of  schools 
or  teachers,  coming  under  his  notice,  and 
action  in  regard  thereto  originates  with  this 
committee.  The  committee  also  examines 
the  monthly  reports  of  all  schools  and  reports 
to  the  Board  those  in  which  the  attendance  is 
below  the  required  average.  It  also  investi- 
gates charges  against  teachers. 

COMMITTEE  ON  SUPPLIES. 

The  Committee  on  Supplies  advertises  for 
proposals  for  furnishing  books  and  stationery 
and  for  printing,  and  awards  contracts  for  the 
same.     It  also  advertises  for  bids  and  awards 
;   contracts  for  fuel.     At  the  beginning  of  rach 
j   year  it  apportions  to  each  school  its  propor- 
•    tion  of  the  appropriation  for  books  and  sta- 
tionery for  the  current  year,  basing  the  appor- 
tionment on  the  number  of  pupils  in  the  vari- 
ous schools. 

COMMITTEE  ON  OFFICE. 

The  Committee  on  Ofiice  has  the  gener:.l 
supervision  of  the  ofiice  and  rooms  of  the 
Board  and  a  general  oversight  over  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  business  of  the  ofiice  is  trans- 
acted. 

COMMITTEE  ON  NIGHT 
SCHOOLS. 

The  Committee  on  Night  Schools  has  full 
control  over  the  night  schools.     The  commit- 


tee examines  the  weekly  reports,  recommends 
the  election  and  the  dropping  of  teachers,  and 
attends  to  all  the  details  of  night  school 
management. 

COMMITTEE  ON  LEGISLATION. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Committee  on  Legisla- 
tion to  watch  legislation  affecting  the  First 
School  District,  and  to  use  proper  means  to 
l)ring  before  the  Legislature  any  measures 
deemed  desirable  by  the  Board. 

COMMITTEE  ON  QUALIFICATION 
OF  TEACHERS. 

The  Committee  on  Qualification  of  Teach- 
ers holds  annual  examinations  for  candidates 
for  certificates  of  qualification  to  teach  in  the 
public  schools,  and  reports  to  the  Board  the 
names  of  successful  applicants.  It  awards 
certificates  of  qualification  to  teach  to  those 
entitled  to  receive  them. 

COMMITTEE  ON  ACCOUNTS. 

The  Committee  on  Accounts  examines  and 
reports  all  bills  and  accounts. 

COMMITTEE  ON  ESTIMATES. 

The  Committee  on  Estimates  prepares  each 
year  an  estimate  of  the  amount  of  money 
needed  for  the  proper  conduct  of  the  public 
schools  during  the  subsequent  year.  This 
estimate,  after  being  approved  by  the  Board, 
is  transmitted  to  the  City  Councils. 

COMMITTEE  ON  AUDITS. 

The  Committee  on  Audits  examines  and 
certifies  the  warrants  for  the  payment  of  all 
bills  and  salaries. 

COMMITTEE  ON  BY-LAWS 
AND  RULES. 

The  Committee  on  By-Laws  and  Rules 
considers  and  reports  on  all  proposed  changes 
in  the  By-Laws  and  Rules  of  the  Board,  but  is 
not  empowered  to  originate  legislation. 


COMMITTEE  ON  PROPERTY. 

The  Committee  on  Property  has  the  super- 
vision of  the  erection  of  all  school-houses,  also, 
of  all  repairs  and  alterations,  where  the  cost 
exceeds  one  hundred  dollars.  It  negotiates 
for  the  renting-  of  such  buildings  as  are  tem- 
porarily needed,  inspects  school  buildings, 
confirms  the  election  of  janitors. 

COMMITTEE  ON  SUPERIN- 
TENDENCE. 

The  Committee  on  Superintendence  reports 
on  the  necessity  of  increasing  the  number  of 
Assistant  Superintendents,  and  considers  sug- 
gestions of  the  Superintendent  regarding  the 


selection  of  such  persons  and  the  re-appoint- 
ment of  Assistant  Superintendents. 

COMMITTEE  ON  HYGIENE. 

The  duties  of  the  Committee  on  Hygiene 
are  of  an  advisory  nature.  The  committee 
consults  with  the  Committee  on  Property 
upon  matters  pertaining  to  hygiene  and  sani- 
tation in  the  construction  and  improvement 
of  school  buildings. 

THREE  NEW  COMMITTEES. 

Three  new  committees  are  to  be  added  t< 
the  list  this  year,  on  Music,  Compulsory 
Education  and  Cooking  Schools. 


PHILIP  S.  HORTZ. 


The  residents  of  the  First  School  Section 
could  not  have  selected  a  man  better  fitted  to 
look  after  their  interests  in  the  Board  of  Pub- 
lic Education  than  was  chosen  for  them  by 
the  Board  of  Judges  in  the  person  of  Philip  S. 
Hortz,  who  succeeded  the  late  A.  S.  Jenks  as 
the  representative  of  this  growing  district. 
Mr.  Hortz  is  not  only  a  thorough  Philadel- 
phian,  but  he  is  what  has  been  aptly  termed, 
in  newspaper  parlance,  "3.  down-towner 
through  and  through.'' 

He  comes  of  an  old  Philadelphia  family. 
His  father  was  Charles  Hortz,  for  many  years 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  and  a 
Southwark  alderman,  who  is  remembered  as 
having  made  a  successful  effort  to  check  the 
religious  riots  of  1844. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  the 
old  Southwark  district.  May  5,  1840,  about 
fourteen  years  before  the  consolidation  of  the 
city.  At  an  early  age  he  entered  the  Mt. 
Vernon  School,  Catharine  street  above  Third, 
but  was  unable  to  finish  his  studies  there, 
owing  to  ill-health.  He  was  next  sent  by  his 
parents  to  Clarksboro,  N.  J.,  where  he  re- 
mained for  several  vears.     Returnins:  to  this 


city,  he  worked  for  a  time  in  a  printing  office, 
and  later  served  an  apprenticeship  in  the 
paper-hanging  business.  In  1861  he  estab- 
lished himself,  with  his  brother,  William  R. 
Hortz,  in  that  business,  and  the  partnership 
was  continued  with  good  results  for  nineteen 
years. 

At  the  end  of  that  period  Mr.  Hortz  became 
a  member  of  the  dry  goods  firm  of  John  M. 
Taylor  &  Co.,  but  retired  from  business  in 
1883.  He  is  now  president  of  the  Frank 
Queen  Publishing  Co.,  publishers  of  the 
"New  York  CHpper,"he  having  succeeded  his 
brother-in-law,  the  late  Mr.  Queen,  in  that 
position. 

He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education  December  2,  1895,  and 
took  his  seat  in  that  body  on  December  12th 
of  the  same  year.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
committees  on  Northeast  Manual  Training 
School,  James  Forten  Elementary  Manual 
Training  School,  Night  Schools  and  Accounts. 
He  is  always  present  at  the  meetings  of 
the  Board,  and,  while  not  a  participant  in 
debate,  votes  conscientiously  tipon  every 
question. 


Mr.  Hortz  is  a  director  of  the  Soiithwark 
National  Bank,  treasurer  of  the  South 
Branch  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  As- 
sociation and  secretary  of  the  Southwark 
Soup  Society,  and  is  prominent  in  church  and 
Sunday-school  work.  Beside  being  president 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal    Mariners'    Bethel,    Moyamensing 


and  Washington  avenues,  he  is  superintend- 
ent of  the  Sunday-school  of  that  church. 
Among  other  organizations  he  is  connected 
with  Melita  Lodge,  No.  295,  F.  and  A.  M.; 
Southwark  Lodge,  L  O.  O.  F.;  Knights  of 
Birmingham;  Reliance  Lodge,  Ancient  Order 
of  United  Workmen,  and  Logan  Tribe,  Red 
Men. 


AVERY  DRAPER  HARRINGTON. 


Avery  Draper  Harrington  was  born  on  a 
farm  in  the  western  part  of  Kent  County, 
Delaware,  February  ii.  1858.  He  attended 
the  pubHc  school  near  his  home  until  he 
reached  the  age  of  eleven  years,  when  his 
parents  removed  to  Dover,  and  he  studied  in 
the  public  schools  there  until  1874.  In  the 
fall  of  that  year,  he  entered  Wyoming  Insti- 
tute, Wyoming,  Del.,  and  was  graduated  as 
the  valedictorian  of  his  class  in  1877. 

Shortly  after  his  graduation,  Mr.  Harring- 
ton began  to  teach  in  one  of  the  district 
schools  near  his  birth  place,  and  was  subse- 
quently elected  Principal  of  the  Odessa  Public 
Schools.  New  Castle  County,  where  he  re- 
mained four  years. 

Mr.  Harrington  was  the  first  to  pass  a  pre- 
liminary examination  as  a  student  at  law  in 
Kent  County,  and  registered  under  the  Hon. 
James  L.  Wolcott,  who  was  subsequently 
Chancellor  of  the  State.  A  little  later  he 
came  to  Philadelphia,  continued  his  studies  in 
the  office  of  Francis  Shunk  Brown,  Esq.,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  July,  1884.  He 
has  since  been  steadily  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession. 


He  was  elected  a  school  director  in  the 
Second  Ward,  in  1886,  and  was  ap- 
pointed to  represent  that  Section  in  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  in  Decem- 
ber, 1889.  During  his  connection  with 
the  Board,  he  has  served  on  a  number 
of  important  committees  and  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  debates  upon  the  floor 
of  the  Board.  When  a  member  of  the  Night 
School  Committee,  he  was  instrumental  in 
having  the  weekly  sessions  reduced  in  numoer 
from  four  to  three.  He  was  the  author  of 
the  rule  permitting  pupils  from  private 
schools  to  enter  the  higher  schools,  and 
secured  an  amendment  to  the  rules  whereby 
pupils  below^  the  required  average  are  admit- 
ted to  the  higher  schools  to  the  extent  of 
their  capacity. 

He  is  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Northeast  Manual  Training  School,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Girls'  High 
School,  Revision  of  Studies,  Text-Books  and 
Supplies.  W^hen  the  public  libraries  were 
under  the  control  of  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation, he  was  a  very  active  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Libraries. 


Mr.  Harrington  has  been  connected  for  more 
than  tweny-three  years  with  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  He  is  president  of  the 
Philadelphia  Conference  Laymen's  Associa- 
tion, a  manager  of  the  Philadelphia  Confer- 
ence Tract  Society,  the  Conference  Missionary 
Society,  the  Educational  Board,  and  the  City 
Missionary  and  Church  Extension  Society. 
He    is    also    a    manager    of    the  American 


Sunday-school  Union  and  the  Magdalen 
Home;  was  superintendent  of  Arch  Street 
M.  E.  Sunday-school  and  is  a  trustee  of 
Ebenezer  M.  E.  Church. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Young  Men's 
Democratic  Association  and  the  Artisans' 
Order  of  Mutual  Protection,  and  is  a 
Past  Grand  of  Apollo  Lodge,  No.  296,  L  O. 
O.  F. 


76 


JOSEPH  D.  MURPHY. 


Joseph  D.  Murphy,  who  represents  the 
Third  Section  in  the  Board  of  Public  Educa- 
tion, was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August  13, 
1850.  His  early  school  life  was  spent  at  St. 
Joseph's  College,  on  Willing's  alley,  an  1  at 
fourteen  he  was  sent  to  the  University  of 
Notre  Dame,  near  South  Bend,  Ind.,  to  finish 
his  studies.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  grad- 
uated as  honor  man  of  his  class.  On  his 
return  to  Philadelphia  he  secured  a  position 
on  "The  Age,"  a  daily  paper,  and  there  laid 
the  foundation  of  a  most  successful  career  in 
journalism. 

In  1 88 1  Mr.  Murphy  was  elected  a  meml)er 
of  the  Third  Section  School  Board.  Although 
educated  in  private  schools  he  took  great  in- 
terest in  the  public  school  system  and  became 
a  most  valuable  member.  In  1883  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  City  Councils  and 
served  two  terms,  declining  a  third  nomina- 
tion. He  was  appointed  Chic'  Clerk  in  the 
office  of  the  Surveyor  of  the  Port,  in  1885, 
subsequently  becoming  Special  Deputy  Sur- 
veyor. 

In  1889  1^^  resigned  to  accept  an  edi- 
torial position  tendered  him  on  "The  Times," 
subsequently  taking  a  similar  place  on  "The 
Inquirer,"  then  forging  to  the  front  as  Phila- 
delphia's leading  daily.  In  1896  he  was  ap- 
pointed Cashier  of  the  United  States  Mint  at 


Philadelphia,    one    of    the    most    important 
offices  in  the  Government  service. 

Mr.  Murphy  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  in  1891.  He  is 
one  of  the  leading  members  of  that  body, 
being  a  ready  debater  and  always  evincing 
great  interest  in  educational  work.  He  has 
served  on  many  important  committees', 
notably  that  on  Supplies,  his  work  thereon 
characterizing  him  as  a  model  committeeman. 
He  is  also  one  of  the  most  active  members  of 
the  Committee  on  Night  Schools,  a  work  in 
which  his  interest  has  been  shown  by  the 
establishment  of  two  additional  schools  in  the 
Third  Section  since  his  entrance  into  the 
Board,  those  two  now  having  the  largest  at 
tendance  of  any  in  the  city.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  University,  the 
Committee  on  the  James  Forten  Elementary 
Manual  Training  School  and  the  Committee 
on  Industrial  Art  Education. 

Frank  and  outspoken,  having  the  courage 
of  his  convictions,  and  with  a  public  record 
which  leaves  no  doubt  as  to  his  honesty  of 
purpose  and  his  fearlessness  in  action,  Mr. 
Murphy  is  one  of  the  most  highly  respected 
men  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  his  ster- 
ling qualities,  manly  personality  and  genial 
bearing  have  won  for  him  a  veritable  host  of 
friends. 


WILLIAM  J.  MANNING. 


William  J.  Manning-,  who  represents  the 
Fourth  Section  in  the  Board  of  Public  Educa- 
tion, was  born  in  Philadelphia,  April  i8,  1843. 
He  received  his  elementary  education  in  paro- 
chial and  public  schools,  and,  in  1857,  gradu- 
ated from  St.  Charles  College,  near  Ellicott's 
Mills,  Maryland,  at  the  head  of  his  class. 

He  went  into  the  wholesale  drug  business 
with  William  H.  Shively,  at  41  North  Front 
street,  and  three  years  later  entered  the  retail 
branch  of  the  business  with  Dr.  John  De 
Lacey  at  Fourth  and  South  streets.  When 
the  Civil  War  broke  out  he  enlisted  in  a  com- 
pany of  young  men  known  as  the  Southwark 
Guards,  and  was  soon  mustered  in  as  a  mem- 
ber of  Company  K,  Second  Regiment,  Penn- 
sylvania Reserves,  under  the  command  of 
Colonel  William  B.  Mann. 

The  regiment  went  into  camp  near  Easton, 
Pa.,  and  was  soon  thereafter  ordered  to  Sandy 
Hook,  opposite  Harper's  Ferry,  and  became  a 
part  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  under  the 
command  of  Colonel  William  McCandless. 
Mr.  Manning  participated  in  every  battle 
until,  at  Antietam,  he  received  a  shell  wound 


in  his  right  arm.  After  two  months  in  the 
hospital  he  returned  to  his  regiment  and  con-^ 
tinned  in  active  service  for  two  years  and  si: 
months.  In  recognition  of  his  bravery  he  was 
commissioneti  Captain  of  Company  C,  Om 
Hundred  and  Ninety-sixth  Regiment,  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers,  and  came  to  Philadelphij 
to  recruit  the  company.  He  served  in  this 
regiment  until  the  close  of  the  War. 

In  1866  Mr.  Manning  was  appointed  secren 
tary  to  the  Commandant  at  the  League  IslaiK 
Navy  Yard,  and  has  held  that  position  to  th( 
present  day.  Since  April,  1889,  he  has  been 
notary  public. 

For  twelve  years  Mr.  Manning  has  been 
member  of  the  Fourth  Sectional  School 
Board,  and  is  serving  his  ninth  consecutiv( 
term  as  president  of  the  Board.  His  earnest 
attention  to  the  duties  devolving  upon  him  as 
a  school  director,  and  his  solicitude  for  th( 
welfare  of  the  schools,  have  won  for  him  th< 
high  esteem  of  his  constituents,  and  when  h( 
was  chosen  by  the  Board  of  Judges  to  succeec 
P.  A.  Fagen,  who  resigned  from  the  Board  of 
Public    Education,    his    appointment    caused 


verv  general  satisfaction.     He  serves  on  the  was  incorporated  in  1890.     As  a  director  of 

following  committees:  Central  Manual  Train-  building  associations  he  has  been  active  in  pro- 

ing  School,  James  Forten  Elementary  Manual  moting  the  usefulness  of  these  organizations. 

Training    School,    Revision    of    Studies    and  He  is   past   president   of   Lever  Lodge,    No. 

Legislation.  150,    Sexennial    League;    a    member   of    the 

Mr.  Manning  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  Volunteer  Firemen's  Association  and   a   di- 

the  Southern  Electric  Light  Company,  which  rector  of  the  Samuel  J.  Randall  Association. 


JOHN  MARIE  CAMPBELL. 


The  member  of  the  Board  of  PubHc  Edu- 
•cation  from  the  Fifth  Section,  John  Marie 
Campbell,  is  the  son  of  the  late  Judge  James 
•Ca?mpbell,  who  was  Postmaster-General  in  the 
•cabinet  of  President  Franklin  Pierce.  Jndg^e 
Campbell  was  actively  concerned  in  the  cause 
of  education  in  this  city,  and  was  the  first  to 
propose  the  establishment  of  a  normal 
school  for  girls.  The  son  has  followed  in  the 
footsteps  of  his  father,  and  when  occasion 
offered  he  nobly  championed  the  rights  of 
"women  teachers. 

Mr.  Campbell  was  born  in  this  city  May  30, 
1 85 1,  and  received  his  early  education  in 
private  schools.  He  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1870,  and  after 
three  years  of  study  in  his  father's  of^ce  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1875  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Education,  to  succeed  the  late  Lewis  C.  Cas- 
sidy.  He  has  also  served  as  the  president 
■of  the  Fifth  Section  School  Board.  From 
1884  to  1889  he  was  Surveyor  of  the  Port, 
and  in  1895  the  judges  showed  their  apprecia- 
tion of  his  services  in  the  Board  of  Public 
Education  and  elsewhere  by  appointing  him 


to  succeed  the  Hon.  Richard  Vaux  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  City  Trusts,  in  which  his 
father  had  been  for  twenty-five  years  an  active, 
energetic  and  sagacious  member. 

During  his  twenty-two  years  of  service  in 
the  Board  of  Public  Education  Mr.  Campbell 
has  served  on  almost  all  of  the  important  com- 
mittees. At  present  he  is  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  University,  and  a  member  of 
the  James  Forten  Elementary  Manual  Train- 
ing School  Committee,  the  Committee  on 
Night  Schools  and  the  Committee  on  Phila- 
delphia Normal  School  for  Girls,  and  was 
President  of  the  Board  of  Education  in  1890. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Hibernian  Society, 
Art  Club,  Lawyers'  Club,  the  Catholic  Club 
and  the  Philopatrians'  Institute,  and  he  is  also 
connected  with  the  management  of  St. 
Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum,  the  oldest  Roman 
Catholic  Orphan  Asylum  in  the  United 
States,  having  been  incorporated  December 
31,  A.  D.  1807.  Judge  Campbell,  the  father 
of  Mr.  Campbell,  was  a  manager  for  forty-five 
years  of  this  asylum,  and  Mr.  Campbell  has 
been  Secretary  of  the  Board  for  sixteen  years, 
and   other   benevolent   institutions,    none   of 


which  have  reason  to  be  ignorant  of  his 
benefactions. 

Presidential  Elector  upon  Democratic  elec- 
toral ticket  in  1880. 

Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Con- 
ventions of  1884,  1888,  1892. 

Member  of  the  Catholic  Congress  at  Chi- 
cago, 1893. 

Has  been  one  of  the  recognized  leaders  of 
the  Democratic  party  for  years.  Has  long 
been  prominent  in  politics.  Has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  nearly  every  Democratic  State  Conven- 
tion since  1874.  Has  been  chairman  of  three 
Judicial  Conventions,  and  of  the  Mayoralty 
Convention  of  1881,  and  of  the  Receiver  of 
Taxes  Convention  of  1884. 

To  him  and  to  his  management  was  the 
successful  campaign  of  Mayor  King  due, 
and  the  City  of  Philadelphia  was  benefited 
to  an  extent  that  the  people  properly  appre- 
ciate. 

The  Board  of  City  Trusts  is  the  most  im- 
portant board  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States. 
It  has  control  of    the  vast    Stephen  Girard 


estate,  amounting  to  nearly  fifteen  miUions 
of  dollars  and  the  care  and  management  of 
sixteen  hundred  orphan  children  at  Girard 
College. 

Besides,  the  Board  of  City  Trusts  has  the 
custody  and  control  of  every  trust  estate 
given  to  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  including 
the  Wills  Eye  Hospital  Trust,  the  Boudinot 
and  Grover  Coal  Trusts,  for  the  distribution 
of  free  coal  among  the  deserving. 

There  are  about  forty  other  trusts,  for 
coal,  wood,  the  entertainment  of  the  insane, 
etc.,  entrusted  to  the  care  of  this  Board. 

The  duties  and  responsibilities  of  this  board 
are  most  exacting  and  onerous. 

The  practice  of  Mr.  Campbell  is  chiefly  in 
the  Orphans'  Court,  which  has  the  charge  of 
the  estates  of  decedents.  His  practice  is 
large  and  some  of  the  most  important  cases 
have  been  in  his  charge,  cases  involving  large 
amount  of  money,  and  many  very  interesting 
legal  questions. 

Mr.  Campbell  was  a  member  of  the  Consti- 
tutional Convention  of  Pennsylvania. 


JOHN  PHILIP  GLONIGER. 


John  Philip  Gloninger,  who  represents  the 
Sixth  Section  in  the  Board  of  PubHc  Educa- 
tion, was  born  in  Philadelphia,  November  30, 
1857.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late  David  Stanley 
Gloninger,  M.  D.  He  received  his  earlv  edu- 
cation at  the  German  Reformed  Church 
School,  at  Fourth  and  Race  streets,  and  later 
in  the  pubHc  schools;  also  in  Patterson's 
Select  School  and  the  Polytechnic  College, 
where  he  took  a  course  in  civil  engineering 
and  for  a  year  pursued  this  profession. 

He  then  took  up  the  study  of  law,  under 
the  preceptorship  of  Charles  Philips,  Esq., 
and  later  under  George  Northrup,  Esq.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  May,  1881,  and  has 
since  devoted  nearly  all  of  his  time  to  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession. 

In  1883  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Sixth    Section     School     Board,     to    fill     an 


unexpired  term  and  was  afterward  re-elected. 
In  1893  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  to  fill  an  unexpired 
term,  and  the  following  year  was  reappointed 
for  a  full  term. 

Mr.  Gloninger  comes  of  old  Dutch  stock, 
many  of  his  ancestors,  both  on  his  father's 
and  his  mother's  side,  being  well  known  men. 
His  great-grand-father,  Hon.  John  Glonin- 
ger, was  a  staff  officer  under  Washington, 
Judge  of  the  Dauphin  County  Court,  member 
of  the  Twelfth  Congress  and  one  of  the 
framers  of  the  Constitution  of  Pennsylvania. 
His  grand-father  and  father  were  both  emi- 
nent physicians. 

Mr.  Gloninger  is  a  member  of  the  Commit- 
tees on  James  Forten  Elementary  Manual 
Training  School,  Industrial  Art  Educati  >ii. 
Legislation,  Estimates  and  Audits 


ANNA  HALLOWELL. 


Miss  Anna  Hallowell,  who  represents  the 
Seventh  Section  in  the  Board  of  PubHc  Edu- 
cation, stands  for  one  of  the  most  notable  feat- 
ures of  the  educational  system  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  it  would  be  im]:»ossible  to  speak  of 
i  that    most  excellent    institution,    the    James 
Forten  Elementary  Manual  Training  School, 
I  without  telling  of  a  great  work  which  she, 
'almost  single-handed,  has  accomplished.    Nor 
1  has  her  work  been  confined  to  the  Forten 
School.     To  her  is  due  the  credit  for  inaugu- 
!  rating  in  the  city  the  system  of  free  kindergar- 
tens. 

Miss  Hallowell  belongs  to  a  representative 
Quaker  family.  She  is  a  daughter  of  the  late 
Morris  Longstreth  Hallowell.  Her  education 
was  pursued  under  the  care  of  Mary  Anna  and 
Susan  Longstreth,  then  prominent  in  educa- 
tional annals 
;classmates  many 
known  women. 

During  the  Civil  War  Miss  Hallowell  was 
jactive  in  nursing  wounded  soldiers,  both  at 
jlier  own  home  and  in  the  local  hospitals. 
Later  she  was  actively  interested  in  the 
|:oundation    of    the    Woman's    Hospital    and 


and  she  numbered  among  her 
who    have    become    well- 


Medical  College.  She  was  a  student  in  the 
first  small  medical  classes  and  a  member  of 
the  board  of  managers.  She  instituted  the 
Harvard  examinations  for  women  in  Philadel- 
phia, and  remained  secretary  of  the  organiza- 
tion having  this  matter  in  hand  until,  in 
1 88 1,  it  was  disbanded. 

In  the  fall  of  1879  Miss  Hallowell  organized 
the  first  free  kindergarten  in  Philadelphia,  in 
the  public  school  building  at  Twenty-second 
and  Locust  streets.  This  was  the  beginning 
of  the  system  of  public  kindergartens,  which 
now  number  over  one  hundred,  and  that  they 
have  steadily  grown  in  number,  and  in  efifici- 
ency  as  well,  is  in  a  large  measure  due  to  her 
untiring  efforts. 

In  1 882  Miss  Hallowell  was  appointed  chair- 
man of  the  First  Committee  of  Women  Visi- 
tors for  Philadelphia  County  of  tha  Board  of 
Public  Charities.  This  office  she  still  retains. 
As  chairman  of  the  Sub-Committee  on  the 
Care  of  Dependent  Children  of  the  Charity 
Organization,  she  organized  the  Sub-Primary 
School  Society,  incorporated  June  9,  1881, 
This  organization  organized  and  controlled  a 
number  of  free  kindergartens,  which,  in  1887, 


it  turned  over  to  the  Board  of  Public  Educa- 
tion. 

Miss  Hallowell  was  the  founder  of  the  Chil- 
dren's Aid  Society,  in  1882,  and  served  for 
several  years  as  president.  About  the  same 
time  she  aided  in  the  establishment  of  a  kin- 
dergarten and  industrial  school  on  St.  Mary 
street.  Later  she  came  into  the  possession  of 
Starr  Garden,  which  she  subsequently  pre- 
sented to  the  City  Parks  Association,  and 
which  has  recently  been  enlarged  and  im- 
proved for  the  purposes  of  a  public  park. 

Miss  Hallowell  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Education,  January  i. 
1887,  at  the  time  when  the  Sub-Primary 
School  Society  turned  over  thirty-two  kinder- 


o^artens  to  the  care  of  the  Board.  She  was 
the  first  woman  who  had  ever  received  an 
appointment  in  this  city.  She  has  since  per- 
formed excellent  service  on  important  com- 
mittees. She  is  chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  the  James  Forten  Eementary  Manual 
Training  School,  and  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mittees on  Normal  School,  Qualification  of 
Teachers  and  Estimates. 

She  is  a  member  of  the  New  Century 
Club  and  chairman  of  the  Advisory 
Board  of  the  College  Settlement^  St. 
Mary  street;  of  the  Advisory  Board  of 
Women  of  the  Drexel  Institute,  and  of 
the  Educational  Department  of  the  Civic 
Club. 


84 


SIMON  GRATZ. 


Simon  Gratz.  President  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education,  has  been  a  meml)er 
of  that  1)ody  since  January  i,  1870,  when 
he  was  appointed  to  succeed  Robert  N.  Will- 
son.  Esq.  [now  Judge  Willson].  His  contin- 
uous service  of  twenty-six  years  exceeds,  with 
a  single  exception,  that  of  any  other  member 
of  the  Board. 

Mr.  Gratz  is  descended  from  an  old  Phila- 
delphia family.  He  received  his  preparatory 
education  at  the  classical  school  of  Mr.  Henry 
D.  Gregory,  and  before  he  had  reached  the  age 
of  thirteen  was  admitted  to  the  Freshman 
class  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
completed  the  four  years'  course  in  the  De- 
partment of  Arts  of  that  institution,  and  was 
graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  Four 
years  afterwards  he  received  from  his  Alma 
Mater  the  degree  of  A.  M. 

He  then  entered  the  law  offices  of  Hon. 
Garrick  Mallery  and  Furman  Sheppard,  and 
the  law  department  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,    as   a    student    of   law.      After 


completing  his  preparation  for  the  legal  pro- 
fession, he  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the 
courts  of  this  city.  Prior  to  his  admission  to 
the  bar,  and  while  yet  in  his  minority,  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  House  of  Represent- 
atives of  Pennsylvania.  He  served  one  term, 
and  declined  to  be  a  candidate  for  re- 
election. 

Shortly  after  his  admission  to  the  bar,  he 
received  the  appointment  of  Assistant  City 
Solicitor,  and  held  this  position  for  three 
years.  During  this  time  he  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States. 

At  the  close  of  the  year  1869  he  was  ap- 
pointed as  the  representative  of  the  Eighth 
Section  in  the  Board  of  Public  Education. 
Soon  after  taking  his  seat  as  a  member  of  the 
Board,  President  Stanton  placed  him  upon 
the  Committee  on  the  Girls'  Normal  School. 
In  1876  he  was  made  chairman  of  that  com- 
mittee, and  ever  since  has  held  this  posi- 
tion.       Under    these    circumstances    it    was 


quite  natural  that  the  Normal  School 
should  be  the  particular  object  of  his 
care,  and  that  its  interests  should  claim 
his  chief  attention.  At  the  time  of  his 
appointment  on  this  committee,  the  school 
was  located  in  a  small  building  on  Ser- 
geant street,  had  a  curriculum  of  two  years 
only,  and  was  without  a  school  of  prac- 
tice. How  great  a  change  has  been  accom- 
plished since  then  is  known  to  all.  To-day, 
instead  of  having  a  single  small  school  which 
attempted  to  do  the  work  of  a  High  as  well  as 
of  a  Normal  school,  the  city  prides  itself  on 
the  possession  of  a  splendid  High  School  for 
girls,  with  three  distinct  courses  of  study, 
and  a  separate  Normal  School,  perfectly 
equipped,  with  a  large  school  of  practice,  and 
a  course  of  study  at  least  equal,  if  not  supe- 
rior, to  that  of  any  other  Normal  school  in  the 
United  States. 

Those  who  best  know  how  much  persist- 
ent energy  was  needed  to  accomplish  this  re- 
sult also  know  how  large  a  share  of  the  credit 
for  final  success  is  due  to  the  indefatigable 
efforts  of  Mr.  Gratz.  While,  however,  he  has 
taken  special  interest  in  this  particular 
school,  he  has  always  given  full  and  close  at- 
tention to  the  general  work  of  the  Board.  No 
one  has  been  more  active  in  securing  the 
adoption  of  the  great  educational  advances 
that  have  been  made  in  the  public  schools 
during  the  last  twenty  years.  No  one  has 
more  strenuously  and  effectively  advocated 
them  in  debate. 

Mr.  Gratz  has  uniformly  declined  to 
be  a  candidate  for  the  presidency  of  the 
Board.  Twice  he  was  chosen  Presi- 
dent pro  tem.  He  served  in  this  capacity 
from  April  to  November,   1884,  during  the 


absence    of   President    Steel.      In    February 
1895,  he  was  again  chosen  to  this  position,  in 
consequence    of   the    ill-health    of    President 
Sheppard;  and  for  two  years  he  discharged 
the  duties  of  the  chair  as  President  pro  tem 
When  Mr.  Sheppard  resigned  from  the  Board 
Mr.  Gratz  was  urged  for  the  presidency,  but 
refused    to    become  a    candidate.     Notwith- 
standing this  refusal,  however,  he  was  unani 
mously  elected  at  the  meeting  for  organiza- 
tion in  January,  1897,  and  his  election  is  re- 
garded as  an  honest  tribute  of  the  high  es 
teem  in  which  he  is  held  in  the  Board  of  Pub 
lie  Education.     Besides  being  elected  presi 
dent  he  was  further  honored  by  the  passage 
of  a  resolution,  requesting  him  to  retain  th< 
chairmanship  of  the  Committee  on  the  Phila 
delphia  Normal  School. 

About  twelve  years  ago,  on  receiving  ar 
appointment  as  a  member  of  the  Board  o 
Revision  of  Taxes,  Mr.  Gratz  retired  from  th< 
active  practice  of  his  profession.  He  has  beer 
continuously  reappointed  to  this  ofifice,  and  is 
now  the  president  of  the  Board.  He  has  foi 
many  years  been  a  member  of  the  board  O' 
trustees  of  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Phil 
adelphia,  and  is  chairman  of  its  college  com* 
mittee. 

He  is  also  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustee! 
of  the  Free  Public  Library  of  Philadelphi 
and  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Philadel 
phia  Public  Museums,  in  both  of  which  insti 
tutions  he  takes  a  deep  and  active  interest. 
Having  a  fondness  for  historical   and   anti- 
quarian research,  he  has  been  elected  a  life 
member  of  a  number  of  State  historical  so- 
cieties, and  is  the  honorary  vice-president  for 
Pennsylvania  of  the  State  Historical  Society 
of  Wisconsin. 


86 


DR.  THOMAS  G.  MORTON. 


One  of  the  most  prominent  physicians  of 
Philadelphia  is  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Morton,  who 
represents  the  Ninth  Section  in  the  Board  of 
PiibHc  Education.  Dr.  Morton  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  August  8,  1835.  His  father 
was  Samuel  George  Morton,  M.  D.,  also  a 
well-known  physician,  who  was  President  of 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  and  author 
of  "Crania  Americana,"  etc.  etc. 

Dr.  Morton  received  his  early  education  in 
the  Academic  Department  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  he  was  matriculated  in 
the  freshman  class  of  the  University  in  1850. 
He  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine, 
in  1856,  from  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
>ame  institution.  He  then  served  as  resident 
>urgeon  successively  in  St.  Joseph's  Hospital, 
A\  ills  Eye  Hospital  and  the  Pennsylvania 
I  fospital. 

In  1859  1^6  became  attending  surgeon  in  the 
Wills  Eye  Hospital,  and  continued  in  this 
position  until  1874,  when  he  resigned  and  was 
made  emeritus  surgeon.  In  1862  he  was 
^elected  consulting  surgeon  to  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Institution  for  the  Blind.  Two  years 
previous  he  had  been  elected  pathologist  and 
curator  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and  in 


this  capacity  he  founded  the  Pathological 
Museum.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  curator 
of  the  Mutter  Museum,  of  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians of  Philadelphia,  and  the  following  year 
was  elected  surgeon  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hos- 
pital, and  in  this  institution  he  has  been  the 
senior  surgeon  and  president  of  the  medical 
and  surgical  staff  since  1893. 

At  dififerent  periods  during  the  past  forty 
years,  Dr.  Morton  has  been  surgeon  to  the 
Jewish  Hospital,  surgeon  to  the  Howard 
Hospital  and  Howard  Home;  consulting  sur- 
geon to  the  Pennsylvania  Institution  for  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb,  to  the  Woman's  Hospital 
and  the  Elwyn  Training  School  for  Feeble 
Minded  Children;  professor  of  orthopaedic 
surgery  in  the  Philadelphia  Polyclinic  and 
College  for  Graduates  in  Medicine,  and  assis- 
tant demonstrator  of  anatomy  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania.  He  founded  the  Ortho- 
paedic Hospital  in  1867,  and  has  been  senior 
surgeon  of  the  same  since  that  time. 

In  the  Civil  War,  Dr.  Morton  nerformed 
noteworthy  service.  He  was  acting  assistant 
surgeon  in  the  army  from  1862  to  1864;  con- 
sulting surgeon  to  Mower  U.  S.  A.  Hospital, 
Chestnut  Hill,  in  1863;  acting  surgeon,  U.  S. 


A.,  1864,  as  such  organizing  the  U.  S.  A.  Hos- 
pital at  Twelfth  and  Buttonwood  streets, 
Philadelphia,  and  continuing  in  charge  of  the 
same  until  it  was  closed.  He  also  served  in 
several  other  hospitals  during  the  War. 

Dr.  Morton  was  appointed  a  Commissioner 
of  Public  Charities  by  Governor  Pattison  and 
served  for  fifteen  years  through  reappoint- 
ments by  succeeding  governors.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Lunacy  from 
1886  to  1895.  He  was  appointed  by  Gov- 
ernor Hartranft  a  member  of  the  commission 
for  the  erection  of  the  State  Hospital  for  th: 
Insane,  Norristown,  Pa.,  and  was  chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Plans  and  Building. 

He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education  in  1890.  He  has  been 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Girls'  High 
School  for  a  number  of  years.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Committees  on  Philadelphia  Nor- 
mal School  for  Girls,  and  on  Supplies,  Office 
and  Hygiene. 

He  was  president  of  the  Society  for  the 
Restriction  of  Vivisection,  1885-86;  vice- 
president  and  surgeon  of  the  Society  to  Pro- 
tect   Children   from   Cruelty;   Fellow   of   the 


College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  since 
1861;  member  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences, 
1856;  American  Medical  Association,  1864; 
Philadelphia  County  Medical  and  Pathol- 
ogical Societies;  Fellow  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Academy  of  Surgery,  and  presi- 
dent since  1895.  American  Surgical 
Association,  1880  to  date.  He  is  one 
of  the  Vestry  of  the  Epiphany  Episcopal 
Church,  member  of  the  Colonial  Society,  and 
a  companion  of  the  First  Class  of  the  Military 
Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the  United 
States;  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Colonial 
Wars,  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  Union  League, 
since  1864,  also  of  the  Historical  Society  of 
Pennsylvania;  an  original  member  of  the 
Committee  of  One  Hundred,  an  Honorary 
Member  of  the  Societe  de  Medicine  Mentale 
of  Belgium  and  Corresponding  Member  of 
the  British  Orthopaedic  Society. 

In  1854  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Philadelphia  Cricket  Club.  In  October,  1896, 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  British  Or- 
thopaedic Society;  and  in  December  was 
elected  consulting  surgeon  of  the  Pennsylva- 
nia Epileptic  Hospital  and  Colony  Farm. 


Thomas  A.  Robinson,  who  represer.ts  the 
Tenth  Section  in  the  Board  of  PubHc  Educa- 
tion, was  born  in  Burlington,  N.  J.,  December 
1,  1820.  He  was  educated  in  private  schools 
and  came  to  Philadelphia  at  the  age  of  fifteen. 
He  engaged  first  in  the  dry  goods  and  then 
in  the  grocery  business,  retiring  in  1874. 

Mr.  Robinson  is  well  known  for  his  deeds 
of  charity,  and  is  actively  interested  in  many 
enterprises  having  for  their  object  the 
amelioration  of  the  condition  of  the  poor. 
He  is  also  treasurer  and  a  member  of  the 
board  of  managers  of  the  House  of  Refuge; 
vice-president  of  the  Magdalen  Society  and 
a  member  of  the  Prison  Discipline  Society. 
He    is    a    member    of    the    Council    of    the 


Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.  He-  is  also 
active  in  church  work,  being  a  vestryman  in 
Grace  Church. 

Mr.  Robinson  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Public  Education  in  1884, 
after  serving  several  years  as  a  school 
director.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Central  High  School,  Central  Manual 
Training  School,  Text  Books,  Industrial 
Art  Education  and  Qualification  of  Teachers. 

Mr.  Robinson  is  not  only  a  public  man  of 
high  reputation  and  a  philanthropist — he  is 
also  an  extremely  modest  man.  The  absence 
of  his  portrait  in  this  volume  testifies  to  his 
possession  in  an  eminent  degree  of  this 
quality. 


WILLIAM  H.  K.  LUKENS. 


William  H.  R.  Liikens,  member  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  from  the  Eleventh 
Section,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  May  17, 
1857.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  the  Eleventh  and  Twefth  Sections  and  later 
attended  a  business  college,  after  which  he 
went  into  the  stationery  business  at  the 
northwest  corner  of  Second  and  Brown 
streets.  He  subsequently  gave  up  mercantile 
life  to  enter  the  law  offices  of  Lewis  D.  Vail, 
Esq.  In  June,  1883,  he  graduated  from 
the  Law  Department  of"  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  and  has  been  in  active  practice  ever 
since. 

In  1892  Mr.  Lukens  was  appointed  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Eleventh  Section  School  Board 
and  was  afterward  re-elected.  In  December, 
1895,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  and  is  now  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  the  Central  Manual 
Training  School,  Night  Schools,  Estimates, 
Audits  and  By-Laws  and  Rules. 


He  is  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason,  Past 
Master  of  Integrity  Lodge,  No.  187,  F.  &  A. 
M.;  a  member  of  Columbia  Chapter,  Past 
Commander  of  Kensington  Commandery, 
No.  54,  K.  T.;  member  of  Lulu  Temple,  A.  A. 

0.  N.  M.  S. ;  also  Philadelphia  Consistory. 
He  is  a  member  of  FideHty  Lodge,  No.  138, 

1.  O.  O.  F.,  and  has  represented  that  lodge  in 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Odd  Fellows' 
Cemetery  Company  for  the  past  twelve  years. 
He  has  been  chairman  of  the  Finance  Com- 
mittee for  the  past  nine  years.  He  is  also 
treasurer  of  The  Grand  Fraternity.  Mr. 
Lukens  is  a  member  of  the  Fourth  Baptist 
Church  and  assistant  superintendent  of  the 
Sunday-school  connected  therewith. 

He  is  one  of  the  most  punctual  members  of 
the  Board,  never  missing  either  a  meeting  of 
the  main  body,  nor  of  any  committee  of  which 
he  is  a  member.  Though  seldom  partici- 
pating in  debate,  he  is  not  slow  to  point 
out  any  defects  that  he  finds  existing  in  school 
management. 


THOMAS  A.  GRACE. 


Thomas  A.  Grace,  who  represents  the 
Twelfth  Section  in  the  Board  of  PtibUc  Edu- 
cation, was  born  in  Philadelphia,  in  the  dis- 
trict of  the  Northern  Liberties,  December  4, 
1819.  He  was  educated  in  private  schools. 
For  forty-two  years  he  was  in  active  business 
in  Philadelphia,  and  retired  in  1884.  He  has 
lived  in  his  present  home  for  fifty-four  years. 

Mr.  Grace  was  elected  to  membership  in  the 
board  of  directors  of  the  Twelfth  Section  in 
1859.  He  served  in  this  capacity  for  eighteen 
years.  In  1865  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education,  being  chosen  to 
fill  the  unexpired  term  of  W.  W.  Levick.  He 
was  president  of  the  Twelfth  Section  School 


Board  for  one  year  and  secretary  for  three 
years. 

In  October,  1896,  he  was  again  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education, 
this  time  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  the  late 
Dr.  A.  H.  McAdam. 

Mr.  Grace  is  a  remarkably  well-informed 
man  on  matters  of  public  education,  his  long 
experience  being  of  much  value  to  him.  He 
takes  great  interest  in  the  schools  of  his  Sec- 
tion, and  from  present  indications  will  soon  be 
counted  among  the  active  workers  of  the 
Board.  His  selection  as  the  representative  of 
the  Twelfth  Section  is  a  most  fortunate  one 
for  the  school  interests  of  that  Section. 


DR.  MARTIN  HENRY  WILLIAMS. 


Dr.  Martin  Henry  Williams,  who  repre- 
sents the  Thirteenth  Section  in  the  Board  of 
Public  Education,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
August  6,  1862.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  this  city,  and  at  the  age  of 
seventeen,  after  a  short  experience  as  a  sales- 
man for  a  wholesale  shoe  house,  he  entered 
into  business  on  his  own  account  as  manu- 
facturer of  shoe  uppers,  his  capital  consisting 
of  his  own  earnings  and  savings.  Before  he 
had  reached  his  majority  he  had  accumulated 
sufficient  funds  to  enable  him  to  take  up  the 
study  of  medicine,  and  he  relinquished  the 
business  in  which  he  had  so  successfully  en- 
gaged. 

He  graduated  from  Jefiferson  Medical  Col- 
lege in  1887,  and  at  once  entered  upon  the 
active  practice  of  his  profession.  He  was 
made  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Pathology 
at  Jefferson  shortly  after  his  graduation,  and 
also  assistant  in  the  anatomical  department. 
He  is  now  Assistant  Surgeon  in  the  Jefferson 
College  Hospital. 

He  was  for  three  years  Instructor  of  Clin- 
ical Microscopy,  and  for  some  time  Assistant 
Physician  to  the  Philadelphia  Sanitarium. 
He  is  also  Consulting  Pathologist  to  the  Phil- 
adelphia Lying-in  Charity,  physician  to  the 


Franklin  Reformatory  Home,  and  director  of 
the  Laboratory  of  Pathology  and  Bacteriol- 
ogy at  Jefferson  College. 

Dr.  Williams  has  the  record  of  administer- 
ing anaesthetics  to  over  six  thousand  per- 
sons. For  several  years  he  has  been  assistant 
to  Dr.  W.  W.  Keen,  Professor  J.  H.  Brinton 
and  Professor  Joseph  Hearn. 

He  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  Philadel- 
phia Tumgemeinde,  of  which  he  is  a  member, 
and  was  instrumental  in  bringing  about  the 
establishment  of  the  first  German  school 
opened  under  its  auspices. 

He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education  in  1895,  ^"<^^  ^^  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Central  Manual  Train- 
ing School,  Office,  Legislation.  Property  and 
Hygiene.  WHiile  he  is  a  good  committeeman 
he  is  never  forgetful  of  the  schools  of  his  Sec- 
tion, and  is  successfully  endeavoring  to  bring 
about  improvements  in  them. 

Dr.  Williams  is  a  member  of  Washington 
Lodge,  No.  59,  F.  and  A.  M.;  a  representa- 
tive of  the  National  Council,  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.; 
a  Past  Grand  Commander,  Legion  of  the 
Red  Cross;  a  member  of  the  Improved 
Order  of  the  Heptosophs  and  of  the  Royal 
Arcanum. 


ANDREW  M.  SPANGLER. 


Andrew  M.  Spangler,  who  represents  the 
Fourteenth  Section  in  the  Board  of  Pubhc 
Education,  was  born  in  the  town  of  York,  Pa., 
December  13,  1818.  At  the  age  of  eleven  he 
was  taken  from  school  and  apprenticed  for 
seven  years  in  the  tanning  and  currying  busi- 
ness. Subsequently  he  served  an  additional 
year  and  a  half  under  instruction  in  the  city  of 
Baltimore.  Failing  health  compelled  him  to 
abandon  the  trade. 

Mr.  Spangler  taught  school  for  nearly  two 
years  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland  and, 
returning  to  his  native  place,  for  two  years  he 
taught  one  of  the  public  schools  there,  and 
read  medicine  with  Dr.  James  W.  Kerr.  He 
was  elected  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Ninety- 
fourth  Regiment,  First  Brip-ade,  Fifth  Divis- 
ion, P.  M. 

Realizing  the  need  of  a  better  education  he 
left  York,  entered  the  preparatory  school  of 
Marshall  College,  at  Mercersburg,  Pa.,  w^as 
promoted  to  the  Sophomore  class  after  six 
months'  preparatory  training,  and  continued 
his  studies  to  the  end  of  the  collegiate  course, 
graduating  September  9,  1846. 

In  1850  he  engaged  with  his  brother  in  the 
book  and  stationery  business.  He  then  be- 
came editor  of  the  "Lancaster  Gazette,"  and 


subsequently  commenced  the  publication  of  the 
"Farm  Journal."  He  has  been  actively  con- 
nected with  journalism  for  fifty-six  years,  and 
has  been  editorially  associated  with  "The 
Evening  Star"  of  this  city  for  the  past 
thirty  years.  He  moved  to  Philadelphia 
in  1852,  and  in  1883  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Public  Education.  During 
his  membership  he  has  pioneered  several  im- 
portant measures,  notably  that  of  changing 
the  system  of  seating  in  the  public  school- 
rooms. He  has  been  chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Industrial  Art  Education  for  eleven 
years,  and  has  always  been  an  earnest  advo- 
cate of  educational  reform,  especiallv  in  the  di- 
rection of  greater  attention  to  practical  train- 
ing in  the  lower  grades. 

Mr.  Spangler  is  a  member  of  the  Commit- 
tees on  Northeast  Manual  Training  School, 
James  Forten  Elementary  Manual  Training 
School,  Legislation  and  Superintendence. 

Mr.  Spangler  was  for  three  years  one  of  the 
Board  of  State  Fishery  Commissioners,  and 
is  the  author  of  several  books  on  fishing.  One 
of  these  volumes  is  entitled  "Paradise  for  Gun- 
ners and  Anglers,"  another,  "Near-by  Fishing 
in  Fresh  and  Salt  Waters  within  a  Radius  of 
One  Hundred  Miles  of  Philadelphia." 


HENRY  REEVES  EDMUNDS. 


Henry  Reeves  Edmunds,  who  represents 
the  Fifteenth  Section  in  the  Board  of  Public 
Education,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  January 
17,  1840.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools,  graduating  from  the  Central  High 
School  in  1856.  For  a  short  time  thereafter 
he  engaged  in  the  drug  business  and  later 
began  the  study  of  law  in  the  offices  of  John 
O'Brien.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  on 
January  19,  1861,  and  has  ever  since  engaged 
in  active  practice. 

In  1883,  Mr.  Edmunds  was  appointed 
United  States  Commissioner  for  the  Eastern 
District  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1885 
Commissioner  for  the  United  States  Court 
of  Claims.  When  Judge  Cadwalader  died 
Mr.  Edmunds  was  urged  for  appointment  as 
his  successor,  and  he  has  several  times  been 
solicited  to  become  a  candidate  for  a  judge- 
ship in  the  Common  Pleas  Court.  As  an 
admiralty  lawyer  he  has  attained  a  most 
enviable  reputation. 

Mr.  Edmunds  was  appointed  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Public  Education  in 
1889,    and    has    performed    most    excellent 


service  in  connection  therewith.  His  chief 
work,  perhaps,  was  the  estabhshment  and 
successful  conduct  of  the  public  libraries 
while  they  were  under  the  control  of  the 
Board,  he  being  chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Public  Libraries.  His  sketch  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  should  not  be  read  except 
as  supplemented  by  the  chapter  on  Pu1)lic 
Libraries,  in  which  somewhat  of  the  scope  of 
the  work  which  he,  as  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee, had  to  perform  is  portrayed.  He 
purchased  the  major  portion  of  the  books, 
and  in  many  ways  contributed  largely  to  the 
success  of  the  libraries. 

Mr.  Edmunds  is  at  present  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Text-Books  and  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Central  High  School,! 
Girls'  High  School,  University  and  Qualifica-j 
tion  of  Teachers. 

He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Five  O'Clock^ 
Club  since  its  organization,  and  was  at  one 
time  president.  Is  a  director  of  the  Chil- 
dren's Homeopathic  Hospital  and  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  American  Hospital  for  Diseases  of 
the  Stomach. 


JAMES  HUGHES. 


James  Hughes  who  represents  the  Seven- 
teenth Section  in  the  Board  of  Pul)lic  Educa- 
tion was  born  in  1834  in  the  town  of 
Ballycastle,  County  Antrim,  Ireland.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
town,  and  in  1852  he  came  to  this  country, 
arriving  in  New  York  on  the  first  day  of  June. 
I  Coming  to  Philadelphia,  he  found  employ- 
ment as  a  clerk  in  a  grocery  store  on  Market 
street,  and  continued  to  fill  similar  positions 
until  1859. 

In  June,  1859,  he  started  in  business  as  a 
grocer  at  his  present  location,  at  the  north- 
west corner  of  Third  and  Thompson  streets, 
where  he  succeeded  Henry  Crilly,  a  well- 
known  citizen  of  Kensington.  At  the  spring 
election  of  1868  he  was  elected  a  school  di- 
rector in  the  Seventeenth  Section,  and  being 
re-elected  he  continued  to  serve  until  the  end 
of  1881.  During  that  period  he  served  first  as 
secretary  and  then  as  president  of  the  Board. 

He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Public   Education,    succeeding   the   late   Dr. 


John  MacAvoy.  He  has  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Accounts,  of  which  he 
was  chairman  for  a  number  of  years,  and  also 
on  the  Committees  on  Revision  of  Studies  and 
Music.  At  the  present  time  he  is  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Superintendence,  By- 
Laws  and  Rules,  Grammar,  Secondary  and 
Primary  Schools,  Northeast  Manual  Training 
School  and  Night  Schools.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  last  named  committee  for 
fourteen  years. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  delegation  that 
accompanied  the  late  President  Edward  T. 
Steel  to  Boston  and  Quincy,  to  inquire  into 
the  Quincy  methods  of  teaching. 

Mr.  Hughes  is  a  charter  member  of  Zion 
P.  E.  Church,  northeast  corner  of  Eighth 
street  and  Columbia  avenue,  and  served  as  a 
vestryman  for  a  number  of  years.  He  is  also 
a  director  of  the  Northern  Soup  Society. 
For  a  number  of  years  he  has  taken  an  interest 
in  the  American  merchant  marine,  and  is  a 
part  owner  in  several  vessels. 


ALEXANDER  ADAIRE. 


Alexander  Adaire,  member  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Education  from  the  Eighteenth  Sec- 
tion, was  born  in  Philadelphia,  May  7,  1834, 
and  was  educated  in  the  Philadelphia  public 
schools.  He  has  lived  in  Kensington  all  his 
life,  where  he  is  well  known  and  highly  re- 
spected. After  he  left  school  Mr.  Adaire  be- 
came a  builder.  For  the  last  twenty-five 
years  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness, and  has  been  eminently  successful. 

He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Education  in  1874,  and  has  served  on 
the  most  important  committees.  His  chief 
work  has  been  in  connection  with  the  night 
schools.  He  has  for  many  years  been  chair- 
man of  the  Night  School  Committee,  and  it  is 
largely  through  his  efforts  that  these  schools 
have  been  made  so  efficient.  Three  years  ago 
he  was  instrumental  in  bringing  about  the 
successful  introduction  of  sewing  in  the  night 
schools,  and  has  been  identified  with  nearly 
every  improvement  effected  in  them  within 
recent  years. 

Mr.  Adaire  performed  most  notable  service 
as  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revision  of 
Studies,  at  the  time  of  Dr.  MacAlister's  super- 
intendency,  when  the  present  graded  course 
of  study  was  adopted.      His  earnest  efforts 


in  this  connection  to  accomplish  such  results 
as  would  be  to  the  best  interests  of  the 
schools,  won  for  him  the  admiration  of  mam 
persons  who  were  watching  with  interest  the 
proceedings  of  the  committee.  After  Dr. 
MacAlister  had  severed  his  connection  with 
the  public  schools  he  wrote  to  Mr.  Adaire,  ex 
pressing  his  warm  acknowledgments  for  tlie 
encouragement  and  assistance  he  had  received 
in  his  work. 

The  committees  of  which  Mr.  Adaire  is  no 
a  member  are  the  following:  Central   Hig 
School,    University,     Night    Schools,    Esti 
mates  and  Property. 

Mr.  Adaire  was  for  a  number  of  years  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  representing 
the  district  in  which  he  has  always  resided. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  Lum- 
bermen's Exchange  and  other  organizations. 

He  has  always  endeavored  to  conscienti- 
ously and  consistently  discharge  his  duties  as 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education. 
He  has  stood  fearlessly  for  what  he  has  believed 
to  be  right  and  in  the  interests  of  the  public 
schools.  The  night  schools,  in  particular, 
testify  to  the  care  with  which  he  attends  lo 
the  work  which  falls  to  him  in  connection 
with  public  education. 


96 


311  J 

1^ 


DR.  MATTHEW  J.  WILSON. 


Dr.  Matthew  J.  Wilson,  member  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  from  the  Nine- 
teenth Section,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  May 
31.  1861.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  this  city,  including"  the  Price  and 
William  H.  Hunter  Schools.  After  leaving 
school  he  studied  pharmacy  with  his  brother, 
and  in  1881  graduated  from  the  Philadelphia 
College  of  Pharmacy. 

He  afterward  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
;  Francis  X.  Dercum,  now  Professor  of  Neu- 
[rology  in  Jefferson  Medical  College.  He  also 
began  a  course  in  medicine  in  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  but  at  the  end  of  his  first 
year  was  obliged  to  leave  college  on  account 
of  ill-health.  He  subsequently  resumed  his 
studies,  taking  a  course  in  the  medical  depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Vermont,  and  grad- 
liating  with  honor  in  1883.  Since  that  time 
he  has  been  engaged  in  a  general  practice  in 
piiladelphia. 

He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
^ublic  Education  in  March,  1895,  to  fill  the 
mexpired  term  of  the  late  William  F.  Miller, 


and  has  since  attended  conscientiously  to  his 
duties  in  connection  with  the  Board.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Philadelphia 
Normal  School  for  Girls,  Northeast  Manual 
Training  School,  Night  Schools,  Qualifica- 
tion of  Teachers  and  Hygiene,  being  chair- 
man of  the  last  named  committee.  He 
takes  especial  interest  in  the  night  schools 
and  the  Normal  School,  and  is  an  earn- 
est advocate  of  improved  methods  of 
teaching  and  the  higher  education  of 
teachers. 

He  is  a  member  of  Radiant  Star  Lodge,  No. 
606,  F.  and  A.  M.;  Harmony  Royal  Arch 
Chapter,  No.  52;  St.  Alban  Commandery, 
No.  47,  K.  T. ;  Lu  Lu  Temple,  A.  A.  O.  N. 
M.  S.;  Cincinnatus  Lodge,  No.  206,  I.  O.  O. 
F. ;  Tohickon  Tribe,  I.  O.  R.  M.;  Phoenix 
Castle,  K.  M.  C;  the  Anti-Cobden  Club  and 
the  Pennsylvania  Branch  of  the  Scotch-Irish 
Society. 

Dr.  Wilson  has  written  a  number  of  papers 
for  medical  magazines  and  is  a  regular  con- 
tributor to  the  ''Codex  Medicus." 


J^^ 


THOMAS  EDWARD  MERCHANT. 


Thomas  Edward  Merchant,  who  represents 
the  Twentieth  Section  in  the  Board  of  PubHc 
Education,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  April  ii, 
1844.  He  entered  private  school  at  the  age 
of  five  years,  and  public  school  a  year  later. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  Central  High  School 
in  July,  1857,  having  been  refused  admission 
in  January  on  account  of  not  being  of  the  re- 
quired age.  After  leaving  the  High  School 
he  studied  conveyancing. 

When  the  Civil  War  broke  out  Mr.  Merchant 
dropped  his  studies  and  entered  the  service  of 
the  United  States  as  a  private  in  the  Eighty- 
fourth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 
He  was  soon  after  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
corporal  and  was  assigned,  on  the  field  of 
Chancellorsville,  to  duty  in  the  color  guard, 
on  the  3d  of  May,  1863.  He  so  continued 
until  December,  being  then  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  sergeant.  Bravery  and  attention  to 
duties  were  followed  by  quick  advancement, 
he  being  made  sergeant-major  on  the  ist  of 
June,  1864;  second  lieutenant,  to  rank  from 
September  ist;  first  lieutenant,  to  rank  from 
September  6th;  assigned  to  duty  as  adjutant 
October  12th.  Upon  the  consolidation  of  the 
Eighty-fourth  and  Fifty-seventh  Pennsyl- 
vania Regiments,  on  the  13th  of  January, 
1865,  he  was  transferred  to  the  latter  rep-i- 
ment;  then  promoted  to  adjutant,   to  rank 


from  April  5,  1865;  breveted  captain  United 
States  Volunteers,  and  mustered  out  with  his 
regiment  June  29,  1865. 

Mr.  Merchant  was  admitted  to  the  Phila- 
delphia bar,  January  29,  1870,  and  subse- 
quently to  the  bar  of  the  State  Supreme  Court 
and  the  United  States  Courts.  He  was  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation on  June  6,  1887,  and  has  served  upon 
the  following  committees:  Central  High 
School,  Girls'  High  School,  Grammar, 
Secondary  and  Primary  Schools,  Night 
Schools,  Industrial  Art  School,  Public  Libra- 
ries, Text-Books,  SuppHes,  Office,  Accounts, 
Estimates  and  By-Laws  and  Rules.  He  is 
now  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Girls' 
High  School,  Grammar,  Secondary  and 
Primary  Schools,  Night  Schools  and  By- 
Laws  and  Rules.  He  is  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Estimates. 

Mr.  Merchant  is  a  member  of  the  Military 
Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion;  Past  Commander 
of  Post  No.  2,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic 
and  Past  Master  of  Washington  Lodge,  No. 
59,  F.  and  A.  M. 

He  is  one  of  the  most  forceful  and  convinc- 
ing speakers  on  the  floor  of  the  Board  of  Pub- 
lic Education,  and  his  courteous  bearing  and 
unquestioned  honesty  of  purpose  have  won 
for  him  manv  friends. 


98 


RUDOLPH  S.  WALTON. 


Rudolph  S.  Walton,  who  represents  the 
Twenty-first  Section  in  the  Board  of  Public 
Education,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  De- 
cember 28,  1826.  He  received  his  education 
in  private  schools,  save  for  a  short  period 
spent  in  what  is  now  the  Madison  Combined 
School.  New  Market  street  above  Noble. 

He  served  an  apprenticeship  in  the  hat 
finishing  business,  and  soon  after  reaching 
manhood  established  a  business  of  his  own. 
In  April.  1876,  when  John  Wanamaker  was 
about  to  open  his  establishment  at  Thirteenth 
and  Market  streets,  Mr.  Walton  w^as  induced 
to  transfer  his  business  to  that  place.  His 
<lepartment  was  the  first  of  any  now  in  con- 
nection therewith  to  open. 

Mr.  Walton  retired  from  active  participa- 
tion in  business  in  February,  1896,  but  -till 
retains  an  office  in  the  Wanamaker  establish- 
ment, holding  an  honorary  and  advisory 
relation  to  the  house. 

He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education  in  May,  1892,  and  has 
served  upon  the  following  committees:  Text- 


Books.  University,  Supplies,  Girls'  High 
School  and  Industrial  Art.  He  is  now  serv- 
ing upon  the  Committees  on  Philadelphia 
Normal  School  for  Girls,  Central  Manuel 
Training  School,  Grammar,  Secondary  and 
Primary  Schools,  Revision  of  Studies,  Night 
Schools  and  Accounts.  He  is  chairman  of 
the  last  named  committee. 

In  addition  to  his  interest  in  public  educa- 
tion, Mr.  Walton  has  been  active  in  the  man- 
agement of  the  Walton  School,  a  private 
school  for  girls  at  Twenty-first  and  Spruce 
streets,  and  is  actively  interested  in  Bethany 
College,  Twenty-second  and  Pine  streets, 
of  which  he  is  one  of  the  vice-presi- 
dents. He  is  also  a  manager  of  St.  Timothy's 
Memorial  Hospital,  of  Roxborough,  being  a 
charter  member. 

For  over  forty-eight  years  Mr.  Walton  has 
been  actively  and  continuously  engaged  in 
Sunday-school  work  in  connection  with  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  and  he  is  now  one  of  the 
associate  superintendents  of  Bethany  Sunday- 
school. 


^ 


CHARLES  E.  MORGAN,  JR. 


Charles  E.  Morgan,  Jr.,  member  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  from  the  Twenty- 
second  Section,  was  born  in  Philadeh)hia  in 
1844.  He  was  educated  in  this  city  and 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1864. 

He  studied  law  in  the  office  of  the 
late  Hon.  William  A.  Porter,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  early  in  1868.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1878,  he  was  appointed  First  Assistant 


City  Solicitor  of  Philadelphia,  and  served 
in  that  capacity  for  two  terms  of  three  years 
each. 

In  1893  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education,  succeeding  Her- 
bert Welsh.  He  is  chairman  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Office  and  a  member  of  the  Commit- 
tees on  Central  High  School,  Girls'  High 
School,  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  By- 
Laws  and  Rules. 


RICHARDSON  L.  WRIGHT. 


In  December,  1872,  Richardson  L.  \\  ri^ht 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Pub- 
he  Education  for  the  Twenty-third  Section, 
and  the  January  f  oho  wing  he  took  his  seat  in 
that  body. 

In  early  boyhood  he  was  a  pupil  in  tlie  Mt. 
Vernon  Grammar  School  under  Samuel  F. 
Watson,  and  in  the  Locust  Street  Grannnar 
School  under  Mr.  Cleavinger,  and  subse- 
(|uently  in  the  private  academy  of  Lewis  \V. 
lUirnett.  As  a  boy  and  young  man  he  had 
access  to  the  best  libraries  in  the  city,  which 
enabled  him  to  indulge  his  taste  for  reading- 
standard  works  of  the  best  authors. 

During  his  entire  public  career  Mr.  Wright 
has  taken  a  lively  interest  in  the  course  of  edu- 
cation and  in  improving  lines  of  instruction 
and  methods  of  teaching.  Before  the  intro- 
duction of  the  system  of  superintendency  he 
was  chairman  of  a  committee  having  for  its 
object  the  preparation  of  a  new  course  of 
study  for  the  elementary  schools,  and  took  a 
prominent  part  in  securing  its  adoption  by  the 
Board  of  Public  Education.  During  his 
membership  in  the  Board  he  has  served  on  the 
Committees  on  Central  High  and  Girls'  High 
Schools,     Property.     Supplies,     Revision     of 


Studies  and  Libraries.  And  while  giving  un- 
reserved attention  to  the  duties  pertaining  to 
the  supervision  of  the  school  system  through- 
out the  city,  he  has  not  been  unmindful  of  the 
Section  he  represents. 

While  in  consultation  with  Dr.  Charles  J. 
Stille,  then  Provost  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, on  the  subject  of  connecting  the 
public  school  system  with  the  University,  the 
Provost  expressed  a  desire  to  grant  free 
scholarships  to  boys  from  the  grammar 
schools.  The  present  system  of  prize 
scholarships  had  its  origin  in  this  early  sug- 
gestion of  Dr.  Stille.  Mr.  Wright  was  for 
many  years  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
University. 

In  his  political  associations  he  belongs  to 
the  Democratic  organization,  having  received 
inspiration  and  instruction  from  the  examples 
and  teachings  of  Presidents  Jackson  and  Van 
Buren,  and  the  statesmen  of  the  school  of 
Silas  Wright,  Thomas  H.  Benton  and  Samuel 
J.  Tilden.  In  1852  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  from  the  County  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  W'as  re-elected  four  years  in  suc- 
cession. During  his  terms  in  the  House  he 
served  on  its  most  important  committees,  and 


during  the  session  of  1855  he  was  often  called 
to  the  chai^-afs  ;speaker  pro  tern. 

In  the'  autumn  of  1853  the  subject  of  the 
coJisolidatiGn  of  the  various  districts  of  the 
city  into  one  municipality  was  discussed,  and 
at  a  meeting  held  in  the  Merchants'  Exchange 
a  committee  was  appointed  to  take  measures 
for  its  accomplishment.  A  sub-committee, 
composed  of  William  L.  Hirst,  Esq.,  and 
Richardson  L.  Wright  was  appointed  to  pre- 
pare a  bill  for  submission  to  the  Legislature 
embracing  the  objects  sought  for.  During  the 
session  of  1854  the  Act  of  ConsoHdation  was 
submitted  to  the  Legislature  and  enacted  into 
law.  Mr.  Wright  was  secretary  of  the  com- 
mittee of  members  from  the  city  and  county, 
and  adjusted  pending  amendments  in  the 
order  and  form  in  which  the  Act  of  ConsoH- 
dation passed  both  Houses  and  received  the 
approval  of  the  Governor. 

In  1856  he  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the 
House   of   Representatives,   being   the   third 


gentleman  from  the  County  of  Philadelphia 
to  receive  that  honor  in  sixty-six  years.  In 
the  autumn  of  1856  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Senate,  serving  in  that  body  on  the 
Committee  on  Finances,  and  as  chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Corporations.  The  jour- 
nals of  the  House  of  Representatives  and 
Senate  during  his  seven  years'  continuous 
service  in  those  bodies,  bear  testimony  to  his 
zeal  and  interest  in  all  questions  submitted  or 
under  discussion  before  them. 

At  the  close  of  his  term  in  the  Senate  he 
received  the  nomination  of  his  political  friends 
for  the  oflfice  of  Auditor-General  of  Penn- 
sylvania. After  the  close  of  the  War, 
by  the  selection  of  the  City  Councils, 
he  served  two  years  in  the  Board  of  Port 
Wardens. 

Mr.  Wright  is  a  member  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  and  has  served  as  a  dele- 
gate in  its  conventions  upwards  of  thirty 
vears. 


EDWARD  LEWIS. 


The  Twenty-fourth  Section  is  represented 
in  the  Board  of  PubHc  Education  by  Edward 
Lewis,  a  man  of  long  experience  in  business 
and  educational  work.  Mr.  Lewis  was 
born  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  February  28,  1819. 
He  received  his  early  education  in  private 
schools,  mainly  in  Philadelphia,  and  has  been 
a  resident  of  this  city  since  1831  For  over 
thirty  years  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits, but  since  1875  has  not  been  in  active 
business. 

He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education  in  1879.  ^^^^^  ^'^^^  served 
continuously  since  that  time.  During  the  ad- 
ministration of  Edward  T.  Steel  as  president, 
from  1879  to  1889,  Mr.  Lewis  was  chairman 
of  theCommittee  on  Property,  and  was  instru- 
mental inbringingabout  a  number  of  improve- 
ments in  the  construction  and  fitting  up  of 


school  buildings.  He  served  on  several  other 
important  committees  during  that  period  or 
portions  of  it,  including  the  Committees  on 
Central  and  Girls'  High  Schools,  Philadelphia 
Normal  School  for  Girls,  Text-Books,  Uni- 
versity and  Qualification  of  Teachers. 

He  is  now  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Central  Manual  Training  School,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  following  committees:  University, 
Qualification  of  Teachers,  Property  and  Su- 
perintendence. 

Mr.  Lewis  was  actively  interested  in  the  in- 
troduction of  manual  training  into  the  Phila- 
delphia public  school  system.  He  was  also 
active  in  bringing  about  the  introduction  of 
cooking  in  the  normal  and  grammar  schools. 
He  is  a  very  regular  attendant  at  the  meetings 
of  the  Board,  and  looks  carefully  after  the  in- 
terests of  his  Section. 


THOMAS  W.  MARCHMENT. 


Thomas  W.  Marchment,  member  of  the 
Board  of  PubHc  Education  from  the  Twenty- 
fifth  Section,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
1820.  He  attended  private  schools,  and  early 
in  life  went  into  the  shoe  manufacturing  busi- 
ness, retiring  at  the  age  of  fifty. 

Mr.  Marchment  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Controllers,  as  the  Board  of 
Public  Education  was  then  known,  in  1855, 
to  represent  the  Eleventh  Section,  and  after 
serving  for  seven  years  he  resigned.  He  was 
again  appointed  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Education  in  1884,  this  time  to  repre- 
sent the  Twenty-fifth  Section,  and  has  served 
ever  since. 

Mr.  Marchment  was  elected  to  Common 
Council  in  1876.  He  is  now  in  the  public  ser- 
vice not  only  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Education,  but  also  as  a  real  estate 
assessor. 


Mr.  Marchment  is  a  regular  attendant 
at  the  meetings  of  the  Board,  and  faith- 
fully performs  the  duties  assigned  to 
him  in  connection  wath  committee  work. 
He  is  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Qualification  of  Teachers,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Committees  on  Northeast 
Manual  Training  School,  Grammar,  Sec- 
ondary and  Primary  Schools,  Supplies  and 
Audits. 

For  more  than  fifty  years  he  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance,  and  for 
over  twenty-five  years  he  has  been  Grand 
Deputy  Worthy  Patriarch  of  Diligent  Di- 
vision, No.  122,  Since  the  time  of  its  organi- 
zation Mr.  Marchment  has  been  connected 
with  the  famous  Philadelphia  Skating  Club 
and  Humane  Society,  and  for  the  past 
twenty-five  years  has  been  president  of  the 
organization. 


PAUL  KAVANAGH. 


Paul  Kavanagh,  who  represents  the 
Twenty-sixth  Section  in  the  Board  of  PnbHc 
Education,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  March 
13.  1848.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools,  including  the  Locust  Street  Gram- 
mar School. 

His  official  relations  with  the  public  school 
system  began  in  1876.  when  he  was  elected 
a  school  director  in  the  Twenty-sixth  Sec- 
tion to  fill  an  unexpired  term.  He  was 
elected  in  1877  for  a  full  term  and  re-elected 
in  1880.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  to  rep- 
resent his  Section  in  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation, and  in  1889  he  was  appointed  chair- 
man of  the  Committee  on  Property.  He  has 
held  this  position  ever  since. 

The  chairmanship  of  the  Committee  on 
Property  is  one  of  the  most  important 
posts,  if  not  the  most  important,  held 
by  any  member  of  the  Board,  and  has 
always  been  so  considered.  To  fill  this  chair- 
manship acceptably  requires  a  business  man 
of  ability,  experience  and  tact,  and  these 
qualities  Mr.  Kavanagh  possesses  in  an  emi- 
nent degree.     In  the  period  during  which  he 


has  been  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Property  there  has  been  a  radical  change  and 
a  very  practical  reform  in  the  erection  of 
school  buildings.  Through  his  efforts  the 
construction  of  school-houses  has  been 
brought  to  a  point  of  great  superiority 
and  very  near  to  perfection.  Many  of 
the  most  handsome  and  well-built  schools, 
photographs  of  which  are  reproduced  in 
this  volume,  were  erected  under  his  di- 
rection. 

During  his  chairmanship  forty-five  build- 
ings and  thirty-three  additions,  containing  a 
total  of  six  hundred  and  ninety-one  class  rooms 
have  been  built  in  the  various  Sections.  The 
magnificent  Normal  School  building  at  Thir- 
teenth and  Spring  Garden  streets,  containing 
over  fifty  rooms  and  the  new  Central  High 
School,  not  yet  completed,  also  testify  to  his 
care  and  ability.  For  all  these  improvements 
$3,250,000  has  been  expended;  for  the  pur- 
chase of  lots,  $460,000  has  been  expended 
during  the  past  eight  years,  and  about 
$2,000,000  has  gone  for  repairs,  furniture, 
heating   apparatus,    etc.,    making    the    total 


amount  spent  for  such  improvements  during  mended  by  builders;  an  increase  in  window 

the     time     of     his     chairmanship     between  surface,  giving  more  Hght ;  the  betterment  of 

$5,000,000  and  $6,000,000.  heating  and  ventilating  facilities,  and  the  suit- 

Among  the  many  notable  improvements  in  able  decoration  of  the  walls. 

the  construction  of  school  buildings  which  he  Mr.  Kavanagh  was  a  member  of  the  State 

has  been  instrumental  in  introducing  are  the  Legislature  from  1882  to  1885.     He  is  a  stock 

steel  ceilings,  which  have  been  so  highly  com-  broker. 


106 


SAMUEL  BAIRD  HUEY. 


Samuel  Baircl  Hiiey,  member  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education  from  the  Twenty-seventh 
Section,  and  vice-president  of  that  body,  was 
born  in  Pittsburo-.  January  7,  1843.  He 
comes  of  Scotch-English  stock,  and  his 
father  was  S.  C.  Huey,  a  prominent  business 
man  of  Philadelphia. 

Mr.  Huey  received  his  early  education  in 
private  schools  in  this  city,  and  graduated 
from  the  Central  High  School  as  the  valedic- 
torian of  his  class.  In  1863  he  graduated 
from  Princeton  College.  He  then  entered 
the  naval  service  as  captain's  clerk  on  a 
United  States  steamer.  Through  promotion 
he  afterward  became  successively  an  ensign 
on  the  staff  of  Rear  Admiral  Bailev  and  assist- 
ant paymaster.  In  attacks  on  Fort  Fisher 
and  ^^'ilmington  he  took  part,  and  was  in 
active  service  until  the  war  closed. 

Returning  to  Philadelphia  he  took  up  the 
study  of  law  in  the  office  of  John  C.  Bullitt, 
and  at  the  same  time  entered  the  Law  De- 
partment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868.  In  1872 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in 
1880  to  that  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States.     He  has  for  years  had  a  large 


legal  practice,  chiefly  as  a  corporation  lawyer. 
From  1866  to  1878  Mr.  Huey  was  an  officer 
of  the  National  Guard  of  Pennsylvania,  but 
resigned  on  account  of  the  pressure  of  his  pro- 
fessional duties. 

He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Education  in  1887,  and  has  become  a 
recognized  leader  in  public  educational  work. 
As  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Central 
High  School  he  has  devoted  much  time  and 
attention  to  the  proper  conduct  of  the  High 
School,  in  which,  as  an  alumnus,  he  takes  the 
highest  interest.  He  is  also  a  member  of  ■  he 
Committees  on  Revision  of  Studies,  Univer- 
sity. Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary 
Schools,  Legislation  and  By-Laws  and  Rules. 
In  January,  1897,  Mr.  Huey  was  unanimously 
elected  vice-president  of  the  Board,  being  the 
first  to  hold  this  newly  created  office. 

Mr.  Huey  is  a  member  of  the  Union 
League,  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loval 
Legion,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  the 
Art  Club,  of  which  he  has  been  a  director 
since  its  organization;  the  Country  Club,  the 
Lawyers'  Club  and  the  United  Service  Club. 
He  is  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
He  is  also  connected  with  the  management 
of  many  corporations. 


MRS.  MARY  E.  MUMFORD. 


Mrs.  Mary  E.  Miimford,  who  represents  the 
Twenty-ninth  Section  in  the  Board  of  Pubhc 
Education,  w^as  born  in  New  Britain,  Hart- 
ford County,  Connecticut.  She  was  fitted  for 
college  at  the  New  Britain  High  School,  and 
graduated  from  the  Connecticut  State  Nor- 
mal School  in  i860.  She  taught  for  a 
short  time  after 'graduating  from  the  Nor- 
mal School  and  then  engaged  in  literar\' 
work.  She  married  Joseph  P.  Mumford  in 
1866. 

Mrs.  Mumford's  first  work  of  a  public 
nature  was  in  the  Charity  Organization 
Society.  For  some  years  she  was  vice-presi- 
dent and  secretary  of  the  Children's  Country 
Week  Association.  She  was  appointed  to 
meml^ership  in  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
in  February,  1889,  to  fill  the  unexpired  term 
of  Judge  S.  W.  Pennypacker,  and  has  served 
upon  the  following  committees:  Qualification 
ofTeachers,  Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary 
Schools,  Text-Books,  Revision  of  Studies, 
Girls'  High  School,  Industrial  Art  Education 
and  Music.     At  present  she  is  chairman  of  the 


Sub-Committee  on  Kindergartens,  of  the 
Committee  on  Grammar,  Secondary  and 
Primary  Schools,  and  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mittees on  Revision  of  Studies,  Industrial  Art 
Education  and  Accounts. 

Mrs.  Mumford  has  always  been  an  active 
worker  for  the  advancement  of  women,  and 
she  has  filled  the  offices  of  president  of  the 
New  Century  Club,  vice-president  of  the 
Civic  Club,  president  of  the  Woman's  Medi- 
cal College  of  Pennsylvania  and  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  General  Federation  of  Women's 
Clubs. 

In  1882,  under  the  reform  movement  of  the 
Committee  of  One  Hundred,  Mrs.  Mumford 
and  Dean  Bodlev,  of  the  Woman's  Medical 
College,  were  placed  upon  the  local  ticket  for 
school  directors  in  the  Twenty-ninth  Section. 
To  their  own  surprise  they  were  elected  by 
handsome  majorities,  and  the  Twenty-ninth 
Section  has  since  that  date  maintained  two 
women  upon  its  school  board,  thus  enjoying 
a  unique  distinction  among  the  Sectional 
Boards  of  the  city. 


WILLIAM  J.  POLLOCK. 


Williahi  J.  Pollock,  who  represents  the 
Thirtieth  Section  in  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation, was  born  in  Philadeli)hia  in  1833.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  this  city, 
including  the  old  Southwestern  and  the  Cen- 
tral High  School. 

Upon  leaving  the  High  School  he  was  ap- 
l)rent!ced  in  the  dry  goods  business.  When 
the  Civil  War  broke  out  he  went  into  the 
Quartermaster's  office  at  Twelfth  and  Girard 
streets.  From  there  he  was  sent  out  to  take 
charge  of  the  Schuylkill  arsenal. 

At  the  close  of  the  War  Mr.  Pollock  went 
into  partnership  with  George  Campbell  in  the 
manufacturing  of  cotton  and  woolen  goods, 
the  firm  name  being  Campbell  &  Pollock. 

As  a  public  man  Mr.  Pollock  has  had  a 
varied  and  interesting  career.  From  1865  to 
1868  he  was  a  member  of  Select  Council.  In 
1868,  as  a  presidential  elector,  he  voted  for 
Grant,  by  whom  he  was  afterward  appointed 
Collector  of  Internal  Revenue.  He  held  the 
same  office  during  Arthur's  administration. 
In  1876  he  w'as  appointed  United  States 
General  Appraiser  of  Merchandise.  He  was 
Chief  Examiner  of  Foreign  Goods  for  the 
Centennial  Exhibition. 

Mr.  Poliock  was  for  two  terms  a  member  of 
the    Pennsylvania    Legislature.     He    was    a 


delegate  to  three  National  Republican  con- 
ventions, and  was  one  of  the  famous  "Three 
Hundred  and  Six"  who  voted  for  Grant 
thirty-six  times  in  1880.  He  is  now  serving  his 
fourth  term  as  a  member  of  Common  Council. 

Mr.  Pollock  is  a  member  of  the  Union 
League  and  president  of  the  Cameron  Club. 
He  is  one  of  the  managers  of  Mt.  Moriah 
Cemetery  and  also  of  Westminster  Cemetery. 
He  has  been  an  insurance  broker  for  some 
years  past,  and  is  well  and  favorably  known 
in  this  business. 

As  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Educa- 
tion he  has  distinguished  himself  by  long  and 
faithful  service.  For  over  twenty-one  years  he 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Board,  having  been 
appointed  to  represent  the  Thirtieth  Section 
when  the  ward  was  formed,  in  1876,  by  the 
division  of  the  Twenty-sixth  Ward.  During 
this  long  term  he  has  served  on  important 
committees.  He  is  now  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Superintendence,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Central  High 
School,  Text-Books  and  Night  Schools.  He 
has  always  taken  particular  interest  in  the 
night  schools.  He  has  also  performed  very 
valuable  service  as  a  member  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Text-Books,  and,  in  fact,  on  all  the 
committees  on  which  he  has  ever  served. 


WILLIAM  McINTYRE. 


William  Mclntyre,  member  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Education  from  the  Thirty-first  Sec- 
tion, was  born  in  the  North  of  Ireland  and  was 
brought  by  his  parents  to  this  city  in  1845.  He 
attended  the  public  schools  of  the  Eighteenth 
Section,  and  spent  nearly  three  years  in  the 
Central  High  School.  He  next  took  a  course 
in  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy. 
Since  his  graduation  therefrom  he  has  served 
on  its  board  of  trustees  and  has  assisted  in  the 
examination  of  its  students.  He  is  ex-presi- 
dent of  its  Alumni  Association. 

His  membership  in  the  American  Pharma- 
ceutical Association  has  afforded  him  an  op- 
portunity to  visit  nearly  every  State  in  the 
Union  and  Canada,  and  with  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Pharmaceutical  Association,  also,  of 
which  he  is  ex-president,  he  has  visited  many 
cities  and  points  of  interest. 

For  Kensington  he  has  the  usual  local  pride. 
He  is  president  of  the  Kensington  Electric 
Company.  He  assisted  in  the  organization 
and  was  president  of  the  Frankford  Avenue 
Business  Men's  Association.  The  unfor- 
tunate dependent  class  has  received  a  full 
share  of  his  thought,  and  for  more  than 
twenty  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Northeast  Soup  Society.  He  also  served  a 
term   as    superintendent    of    the   Thirty-first 


Ward  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  Society  for 
Organizing  Charity.  During  the  industrial 
panic  of  1893  he  was  president  of  the  Thirty- 
first  Ward  Auxiliary  Branch  of  the  Citizens' 
Permanent  Relief  Committee,  which,  aided  by 
the  Thirty-first  Ward  Relief  Association,  very 
substantially  aided  the  people. 

His  entrance  into  public  service  dates  from 
the  formation  of  the  Thirty-first  Ward,  in 
1876,  by  a  division  of  the  Nineteenth  Ward. 
He  was  school  director  in  the  Thirty-first 
Ward  for  seven  years.  When  the  1880  census 
of  the  General  Government  was  taken,  he  as- 
sisted in  the  enumeration  of  the  inhabitants 
of  the  ward,  and  had  charge  of  the  industrial 
returns  from  the  Eighteenth  and  Thirty-first 
Wards. 

The  vacancy  in  the  Board  of  Public  Educa- 
tion caused  by  the  resignation  of  Frank  S. 
Christian,  Esq.,  was  filled  by  the  appointment 
of  Mr.  Mclntyre.  A  feature  of  his  adminis- 
tration of  the  trust  has  been  the  unification  of 
the  interests  of  the  Local  Board  of  school 
directors  and  the  teachers,  in  securing  the 
best  advantages  offered  by  the  public  educa- 
tional system.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education's  Committees  on  North- 
east Manual  Training  School,  Nis^ht  Schools, 
Accounts  and  Superintendence. 


HARVEY  H.  HUBBERT. 


Harvey  H.  Hul)bert,  member  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education  from  the  Thirty-second 
Section,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  in  the  dis- 
trict known  as  the  Northern  Liberties  before 
consolidation,  on  December  28,  1844.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  and  has 
resided  m  the  city  of  his  birth  all  his  life.  He 
has  been  engaged  in  active  mercantile  busi- 
ness for  twenty  years,  and  represents  several 
large  cotton  manufacturing  corporations  in 
New  England  and  elsewhere  as  their  commis- 
sion agent. 

Mr.  Hubbert  has  been  identified  with  the 
cause  of  public  education  for  a  period  cover- 
ing seventeen  years,  having  been  elected  a 
school  director  in  the  Twenty-eighth  Ward  in 
1879.  He  w^as  president  of  the  School  Board 
when  the  ward  was  divided  and  the  Thirty- 
second  Ward  created.  He  was  elected  the 
first  president  of  the  new  Board,  and  while 
fulfilling  the  duties  of  that  of^ce  was  ap- 
pointed, in  1890,  to  represent  his  Section  in 
.the  Board  of  Public  Education. 


Mr.  Hubbert  has  always  evinced  a  deep  in- 
terest in  the  educational  affairs  of  the  citv  and 
has  had  extensive  experience  in  official  school 
duties.  He  is  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
By-Laws  and  Rules,  in  which  position  he  has 
rendered  good  service,  and  has  familiarized 
himself  with  all  laws  governing  the  school  de- 
partment. He  was  one  of  the  representatives 
to  the  State  School  Directors'  Convention  of 
Pennsylvania  and  is  chairman  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  association,  formed  during 
that  convention,  the  object  of  which  is  to 
secure  healthy  legislation  affecting  the 
schools  of  the  Commonwealth.  He  has 
been  zealous  in  promoting  educational  in- 
terests and  in  securing  for  his  Section  the 
most  modern  and  best  equipped  school 
buildings. 

Beside  being  chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  By-Laws  and  Rules,  Mr.  Hubbert  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Committees  on  Central  High 
School,  Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary 
Schools,  Estimates  and  Property. 


WILLIAM  WRIGLEY. 


William  Wrigley,  who  is  the  Thirty-third 
Section's  representative  in  the  Board  of  Public 
Education,  was  born  in  this  city  on  the  north 
side  of  Vine  street  above  Tenth,  on  No- 
vember 7,  1833.  He  is  the  son  of  Edward 
Wrigley,  who  died  when  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  ten  years  old,  and  who  was  one  of 
the  pioneer  cloth  manufacturers  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

Mr.  Wrigley  was  educated  in  private 
schools,  and  at  a  later  period  in  public  schools. 
He  was  attending  Abington  Seminary,  when, 
owing  to  a  change  in  circumstances,  he  was 
obliged  to  leave  school  and  begin  life  as  a 
wage-earner.  This  was  before  he  had  reached 
his  fifteenth  year. 

At  the  age  of  twenty,  a  love  of  adventure, 
coupled  with  a  desire  to  better  himself  financi- 
ally, led  him  to  follow  the  tide  of  travel  west- 
ward. He  settled  on  what  was  then  Minne- 
sota Territory,  where  he  remained  three  years. 

When  a  depression  of  values  rendered  a 
longer  stay  in  the  West  undesirable,  Mr. 
Wrigley  returned  to  his  native  city,  and  fol- 


lowed the  vocation  of  salesman  and  commer- 
cial traveler  until  a  short  time  after  the  be- 
ginning of  the  Civil  War.  He  then  volun- 
teered in  his  country's  defense,  entering  the 
army  as  a  private  under  Captain  Biddle  in 
Company  G,  Eighth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers.  A  short  time  after  he  organized 
a  company  for  the  One  Hundred  and  Fifty- 
seventh  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
and  was  appointed  first  lieutenant,  command- 
ing. For  a  short  time  he  was  division  com- 
missary on  the  staff  of  General  William  F. 
Smith,  and  afterward  became  captain  in  the 
One  Hundred  and  Ninety-seventh  Regiment, 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

At  the  close  of  his  term  of  service  in  the 
army,  Mr.  Wrigley  spent  some  time  in  the  oil 
regions.  In  the  year  1870  he  established  his 
present  business,  the  manufacture  of  soap,  the 
firm  being  incorporated  in  1877  under  the 
name  of  The  Wrigley  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany. Mr.  Wrigley  has  for  many  years  been 
president  of  the  company,  and  by  his  sound 
business    tact     and    ability    has    made    the 


enterprise  an  iiiK|iialifie(l  success.  Mr.  Wrig- 
ley  has  travelled  quite  extensively  in  this 
country  and  Europe. 

His  connection  with  the  Board  of  Public 
Education  dates  from  March,  1893.  when  he 
was  appointed  to  represent  the  Thirty-third 
Section.  Ever  since  his  appointment  he  has 
manifested  the  greatest  interest  in  the  welfare 
of  the  schools  in  general  and  has  been  instru- 
mental in  bringing  about  the  improvement  of 
those  in  his  Section.  He  has  taken  an 
especial  interest  in  the  Central  High  School, 


and  has  been  a  member  of  the  committee  on 
that  school  for  some  time  past.  The  other 
committees  upon  which  he  is  at  present  serv- 
ing are  as  follows:  Northeast  Manual  Train- 
ing School,  Text-Books,  Night  Schools  and 
Audits. 

Mr.  Wrigley  is  a  Past  Commander  of  Post 
2,  G.  A.  R. ;  a  member  of  Philates  Lodge, 
Corinthian  Chapter,  Corinthian  Commandery, 
No.  53,  and  Quaker  City  Lodge.  He  has 
also  membership  in  the  Trades  League, 
Bourse  and  Manufacturers'  Club. 


JOSEPH  R.  RHOADS. 


Joseph  R.  Rhoads,  who  represents  the 
Thirty-fourth  Section  in  the  Board  of  PuIdHc 
Education,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Ausfust 
6,  1841.  He  attended  private  schools  until 
he  was  twelve  years  old,  and  then  entered  the 
Northwest  Grammar  School,  where  he  was 
under  Aaron  B.  Ivins.  From  the  Northwest 
School  he  entered  the  Central  High  School. 
from  which  he  afterward  received  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts. 

He  next  took  a  course  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  studied  law,  and  he 
has  been  engaged  in  active  practice  since 
1862.  Since  1890  he  has  been  president  oi 
the  Merchants'  Trust  Company. 

For     four     years     Mr.     Rhoads     was     a 
director     of     Girard     College.       For     three 


years  he  was  a  member  of  Select  Coun- 
cil from  the  Thirteenth  Ward  and  was 
chairman  of  the  Law  Committee  in  that 
body. 

He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Pu1)lic  Education  in  1890.  He 
was  for  a  time  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Central  High  School.  He  is 
at  present  chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Revision  of  Studies,  and  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Central  Man- 
ual Training  School,  University  and  Prop- 
erty. 

Mr.  Rhoads  is  a  member  of  the  Law  As- 
sociation, the  Penn  Club,  Art  Club,  Union 
League,  Board  of  Trade,  Merion  Cricket  Club 
and  other  organizations. 


THOMAS  SHALLCROSS. 


In  the  Board  of  Public  Education  Thomas 
Shallcross  represents  the  Thirty-fifth  Section, 
which  in  point  of  area  is  the  largest  in  the 
city,  and  contams  fourteen  school  properties, 
scattered  miles  apart.  This  is  largely  an  agri- 
cultural district.  It  could  be  represented  by 
no  one  more  ably  than  by  Mr.  Shallcross,  who 
is  both  farmer  and  business  man  of  the  highest 
type. 

He  was  born  in  Frankford,  and  was  edu- 
cated in  the  Philadelphia  public  schools.  He 
left  the  High  School  without  completing  the 
course,  in  order  to  go  with  his  family  to  the 
farm  in  Byberry,  then  owned  by  his  father  and 
now  by  himself,  where  he  actively  engaged  in 
farming.  Byberry  was  at  that  time  a  part 
of  the  Twenty-third  Ward,  and  Mr,  Shallcross 
represented  that  ward  in  the  City  Council 
for  one  term,  from  1880  to  1882.  He  was  for 
many  years  president  of  the  school  board  of 
the  Twenty-third  Section,  and  when  the  ward 
was  divided,  in  1890,  he  was  appointed  the 
member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
from  the  Thirty-fifth  Section,  and  is  now 
serving  his  third  term. 


He  has  distinguished  himself  in  the  Board 
by  his  manly,  outspoken  manner  in  debate, 
arguing  for  or  against  measures  without  fear 
or  favor.  He  has  opinions  of  his  own  and  is 
never  afraid  to  express  them,  even  though  he 
may  stand  entirely  alone  in  his  contention. 
Particularly  noteworthy  was  the  effort  made 
by  him  a  few  years  since  to  limit  the  choice  of 
a  Principal  for  the  Girls'  High  School  to  Phil- 
adelphia candidates,  ne  has  always  main- 
tained that  Philadelphia  has  teachers  enough 
and  sufficiently  well  educated  to  fill  any  posi- 
tion in  the  higher  schools,  and  he  advocates 
the  promotion  of  efficient  instructors. 

He  strongly  opposed  the  Board's  legisla- 
tion, by  which  graduates  of  the  School  of 
Pedagogy  are  given  the  most  important  posi- 
tions in  the  elementary  schools  at  salaries 
much  higher  than  those  paid  women  teachers. 
It  may  be  emphatically  stated,  however,  that 
Mr.  Shallcross  is  not  in  any  way  opposed  to 
the  employment  of  the  young  men  in  the 
schools.  He  simply  opposes  what  he  believes 
to  be  an  unwarrantable  discrimination  against 
the  women  teachers. 


Mr.  Shallcross  is  chairman  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Legislation,  and  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mittees on  Philadelphia  Normal  School  for 
Girls,  Northeast  Manual  Training  School, 
Supplies,  Qualification  of  Teachers  and  Esti- 
mates. 

He  is  one  of  the  few  public  men  whose 
career  has  been  so  clean  and  praiseworthy  that 
it  is  a  matter  of  regret  that  he  does  not  fill 
higher  offices,  but  his  inclinations  lead  him  to 
prefer  the  quiet  enjoyment  of  suburban  home 
life  to  a  more  busy  public  career,  and  the  door 
of  his  splendid  farm  house,  "The  Pines,"  in 
Byberry,  is  always  open  wide  to  his  hosts  of 
friends.  In  the  6o's  he  declined  a  nomination 
for  the  Legislature  which  was  unanimously 
tendered  him  by  the  convention. 


Mr.  Shallcross  is  president  of  the  William 
Penn  Cemetery  Company,  vice-president  of 
the  Tacony  Saving  Fund,  Safe  Deposit,  Title 
and  Trust  Company,  director  and  secretary 
of  the  Girard  Avenue  Farmers'  Market  Com- 
pany, treasurer  of  the  Farmers'  New  Hay 
Market  Company;  director,  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  Independent  Mutual  Fire 
Insurance  Company  of  Philadelphia,  Bucks 
and  Montgomery  Counties.  He  is  also  a  di- 
rector of  the  Suburban  Electric  Companv, 
Tacony;  manager,  secretary  and  superintend- 
ent of  the  Byberry  and  Bensalem  Turnpike 
Company,  beside  being  connected  officially 
with  several  other  local  corporations  and  or- 
ganizations. He  is  a  member  of  Tacony 
Lodge,  No.  600,  F.  and  A.  M. 


116 


GEORGE  HAIG. 


George  Haig,  member  of  the  Board  of  Pub- 
lic Education  from  the  Thirty-sixth  Section, 
was  born  in  Edinburg,  Scotland,  in  1856.  He 
comes  of  the  old  Haig  family  of  Bemerside, 
who  are  traced  back  to  the  twelfth  century 
and  are  mentioned  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  and 
Washington  Irving. 

Early  in  life  he  came  to  Philadelphia  and 
settled  in  the  southwestern  section  of  the  city. 
He  entered  into  business  while  yet  a  boy  and 
pursued  his  studies  at  night,  devoting  himself 
to  literary  and  lyceum  work.  Some  years  ago 
he  entered  into  the  real  estate  business,  in 
which  he  has  been  eminently  successful.  He 
also  takes  a  great  interest  in  building  associa- 
tion work. 


Mr.  Haig  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  in  1892,  when  the 
Thirty-sixth  Ward  was  formed,  and  has  since 
represented  his  Section  with  marked  ability 
in  the  Board  of  Public  Education.  He  is 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Audits,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Central 
Manual  Training  School,  Industrial  Art  Edu- 
cation, Night  Schools  and  Accounts. 

Mr.  Haig  is  treasurer  and  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  Bethany  Presbyterian 
Church.  He  is  identified  with  a  number  of 
organizations,  including  the  American  Pro- 
testant Association,  in  which  he  is  past 
master.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Ameri- 
can Protestant  Hall  and  Librarv  Association. 


"7 


CHARLES  H.  VANFLEET. 


Charles  H.  Vanfleet,  member  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education  from  the  Thirty-seventh 
Section,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  May  lo, 
1844.  He  received  his  education  in  the  Phil- 
adelphia public  schools,  including  the  Manay- 
unk  Grammar  School. 

During  the  Civil  War  Mr.  Vanfleet  enliTted 
in  the  Two  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Regi- 
ment, Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He  served 
under  General  Hancock  and  other  command- 
ers for  about  eighteen  months  prior  to  the 
close  of  the  War.  He  then  returned  to  Phil- 
adelphia, and,  in  1868,  he  started  in  the  print- 
ing business,  in  which  he  has  been  successfully 
engaged  ever  since. 

He  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  di- 
rectors of  the  Thirty-seventh  Section  since 
the  Ward  was  formed,  in  1892,  and  was  secre- 
tary of  the  Board  at  the  tmie  of  his  appoint- 


ment to  hll  the  unexpired  term  of  the  late  Dr> 
William  K.  Mattern.     This  was  in  July,  1896. 

Mr.  Vanfleet  is  a  charter  member  of  Olivet 
Lodge,  No.  607;  Philadelphia  Chapter,  No. 
169,  and  Pennsylvania  Commandery,  No.  70, 
of  the  Masonic  Fraternity;  Lu  Lu  Temple; 
Washington  Lodge  No.  21,  K.  B.;  A.  A.  O. 
N.  M.  S. ;  he  is  collector  of  Harmony  Coun- 
cil, No.  23,  American  Legion  of  Honor;  a 
charter  member  of  Betsy  Ross  Council,  Jr. 
O.  U.  A.  M.;  a  member  of  Post  51,  G.  A.  R., 
and  belongs  to  other  organizations. 

For  fifteen  vears  Mr.  Vanfleet  was  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sunday-school  of  the  Lehigh 
Avenue  Baptist  Church.  He  relinquished 
this  post  a  few  years  ago  on  account  of  ill- 
health. 

He  is  exceedingly  popular  in  his  ward  and 
has  a  host  of  friends. 


Oi**^ 


ALBERT  B.  BEALE, 
Clerk. 

HENRY  W.  HALLIWELL, 

WILLIAM  DICK, 
Clerk. 

i 

L.  E.  DRAKE, 
Clerk. 

Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education. 

1 

HENRY  MOORE, 
Clerk. 

Office  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education 


The  office  of  the  Board  of  Public  Educa- 
tion, No.  713  Filbert  street,  is  under  the  su- 
pervision of  the  Secretary  of  the  Board,  an 
official  the  value  of  whose  services  in  connec- 
tion with  the  work  of  public  education,  can- 
not be  overestimated.  The  position  is  one 
requiring  an  incumbent  of  great  tact  as  well 
as  ability,  and  it  is  an  exceptional  man  who, 
for  a  period  extending  over  thirty-one  years, 
could  fill  it  in  such  a  way  as  to  command  the 
admiration  and  respect  of  all  who  have  busi- 
ness relations  with  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation. 

Such  a  man  is  Henry  Ward  Halliwell, 
Avhose  official  connection  with  the  Board 
dates  back  to  1848,  and  who  has  held  the  of- 
fice of  Secretary  since  1865. 

Mr.  Halliwell  was  born  on  October  24, 
1832.  At  a  very  early  age  he  entered  the  in- 
fant school  on  Race  street,  which  was  the 
primary  department  of  the  Northwest  Public 
School.  From  the  boys'  department  of  this 
school  he  was  promoted  to  the  Central  High 
School  by  William  W.  Wood. 

In  July,  1848,  he  entered  the  office  of  the 
Board  of  Controllers  of  the  public  schools, 
and  a  fewyears  later  he  became  Assistant  Sec- 
retary of  the  Board.  In  1865  he  was  elected 
Secretary,  and  has  held  that  position  ever 
since.     Having  thus  been  closely  connected 


with  the  management  of  the  public  educa- 
tional system  for  nearly  half  a  century,  he  is 
probably  the  best  known  man  in  educational 
circles,  not  merely  in  Philadelphia,  but 
throughout  the  United  States.  His  kind- 
ness and  uniform  courtesy  to  teachers,  and  to 
all  who  visit  the  office  of  the  Board,  have  en- 
deared him  to  thousands  in  this  city  and  else- 
where. He  has  outlived  all  those  who  were 
in  office  when  he  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Board,  and  he  retains  a  vivid  recollection  of 
almost  all  those  who  have  at  any  time  been 
connected  officially  with  the  public  schools. 

The  Assistant  Secretary,  Andrew  F.  Ham- 
mond, has  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Board 
since  1868,  and  has  been  Assistant  Secretary 
since  1875.  He  is  a  painstaking  and  conscien- 
tious official. 

Albert  B.  Beale  is  in  charge  of  the  Supply 
Department,  in  this  capacity  supervising  the 
handling  of  thousands  of  dollars'  worth  of 
books  and  other  school  supplies  each  year. 
The  other  clerks  are  L.  E.  Drake,  William 
Dick,  Henry  Moore,  Edward  Merchant,  John 
D.  Hardin  and  Thomas  A.  Hughes.  The 
various  duties  in  connection  with  the  business 
of  the  office  are  divided  among  them.  Mr. 
Dick,  as  warrant  clerk,  handles  and  distributes 
each  month  over  three  thousand  salary  war- 
rants.    Mr.  Merchant  is  his  assistant. 


THOMAS  A.  HUGHES, 
Clerk. 


EDWARD  MERCHANT, 
Clerk. 


ANDREW  F.  HAMMOND, 

Assistant  Secretary. 

LENA  A.  HUMPHRIES, 
Stenographer. 


JOHN  D.  HARDIN, 
Clerk. 


WM.  S.  RUFF, 
Messenger. 


Architect's  Department 


The  Architect's  Department  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education  consists  of  an  architect 
and  supervisor  of  school  buildings,  four  as- 
sistants and  an  inspector  of  heaters. 

Joseph  D.Austin,  Architect  and  Supervisor 
of  Public  School  Buildings,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, June  26,  1847.  He  received  his  early 
education  at  Girard  College,  and  having  a 
taste  for  architecture,  developed  it  by  study- 
ing in  the  office  of  Samuel  Sloan.  After  be- 
coming proficient  in  his  profession,  he  prac- 
ticed it  for  several  years,  and  in  1884  was 
elected  the  head  of  the  Architect's  Depart- 
ment of  the  Board  of  Public  Education. 

During  the  past  twelve  years  no  less  than 
sixty-eight  school  buildings  have  been  erect- 
ed under  his  direction,  and  these  buildings 
are  the  greatest  possible  tribute  to  his  thor- 
oughness and  ability.  The  handsome  Nor- 
mal School  is  at  present  the  largest  and  finest 


of  the  school  buildings  in  this  city,  and  re- 
fiects  great  credit  upon  Mr.  Austin.  He  is 
now  giving  much  time  and  attention  to  the 
erection  of  the  new  Central  High  School, 
Broad  and  Green  streets,  which,  when  com- 
pleted, will  be  the  finest  high  school  building 
in  the  country. 

Mr.  Austin's  work  has  been  conscientious 
and  thorough,  and  he  has  won  the  esteem  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Education  by  the  faith- 
ful performance  of  his  duties.  That  Philadel- 
phia has  such  splendid  school  buildings  as 
those  erected  in  recent  years  is  a  credit  to 
the  man  who  has  so  ably  planned  and  di- 
rected the  work. 

The  assistant  architects  are  Joseph  W. 
Anshutz,  J.  H.  Cook,  James  Gaw  and  Lewis 
P.  Hoopes,  all  of  whom  are  experienced 
and  of  unquestioned  ability.  The  inspector 
of  heaters  is  John  D.  Cassell. 


JOSEPH  W.  ANSHUTZ, 
Assistant  Architect. 

JAMES  GAW, 

Assistant  Architect. 


JOSEPH  D.  AUSTIN 
Architect  and  Supervisor  of  School  Buildings 

JOHN  D.  CASSELL, 
Inspector  of  Heators. 


J.  H.  COOK, 
Assistant  Architect. 


LEWIS  P.  HOOPES, 
Assistant  Architect. 


The  Higfher  Schools 


Central  High  School 


Well  has  the  Central  High  School  been 
termed  the  crown  of  the  entire  system  of 
public  education  in  Philadelphia.  Since  its 
establishment  it  has  stood  for  all  that  is  best 
and  most  gratifying  in  the  public  school  life 
of  the  city.  Its  history  has  been  a  story  of 
steady  progress.  It  has  received  over  15,000 
pupils,  and  has  sent  nearly  one-third  of  that 
number  out  into  the  world  equipped  with  the 
best  education  afforded  by  any  high  school  in 
the  country. 

It  stands  pre-eminent  among  the  nation's 
high  schools.  Indeed,  although  having  the 
modest  title  of  a  High  School,  it  is  often 
placed  in  official  classifications  among  univer- 
sities and  colleges.  In  all  parts  of  the 
country  its  graduates  are  found,  their  number 
including  many  well-known  men  in  every  walk 
of  life.  In  Philadelphia  to-day  many  of  the 
most  eminent  citizens,  men  known  and  es- 
teemed in  business,  professional  and  public 
life,  point  with  pride  to  the  Central  High 
School  as  their  alma  mater. 

While  there  has  been  much  encouragement 
accorded  those  who  have  labored  in  and  for 
this  school  during  the  past  sixty  years,  the 
path  has  by  no  means  been  an  entirely  smooth 
one.  Every  good  enterprise  has  its  opponents, 
and  the  good  name  of  this  noblest  of  public 
educational  institutions  has  at  times  been  as- 
sailed by  those  who  have  failed  to  appreciate 
its  great  work.  Yet,  through  the  years,  it 
has  come  down  to  the  present  generation 
revered  for  its  history  and  honored  for  its  as- 
sociations. 

ESTABLISHMENT  OF  THE 
SCHOOL. 

The  estabhshment  of  the  Central  High 
School  was  authorized  by  the  Act  of  June  13, 


1836.*  The  following  year  the  Board  of 
Control  secured  a  site  on  Juniper  street,  fac- 
ing upon  Penn  Square,  about  midw^ay 
between  Market  and  Clover  streets,  the  latter 
being  a  small  thoroughfare  which  has  since 
been  covered  by  Wanamaker's  store,  and  on 
September  19th  the  corner-stone  of  the  first 
high  school  building  was  laid  with  appropriate 
ceremonies.  The  structure  was  opened  for 
use  October  21,  1838.  [For  picture  of  origi- 
nal High  School  building  see  page  19.] 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  FIRST 
BUILDING. 

"The  building  was  of  brick,  with  a  marble 
front.  The  side  walls  were  painted  white, 
and,  on  the  whole,  it  was  a  more  imposing 
structure  than  that  in  use  at  this  day.  [The 
old  brick  building  at  the  southeast  corner  of 
Broad  and  Green  streets.]  It  was  shaped  like 
the  letter  'T,'  the  main  structure  running 
east  and  w-est,  with  a  cross  structure  extend- 
ing north  and  south.  In  the  angle  formed  by 
the  wing  on  the  south  side  was  the  play- 
ground, while  south  of  this  stood  the  Pennsyl- 
vania State  Armory.  North  of  the  school 
building  a  tavern  stood  on  the  corner  of  Mar- 
ket and  Juniper  streets;  and  the  sheds,  into 
w^iich  the  farmers  drove  their  teams  on  mar- 
ket davs,  stood  in  the  angle  of  the  school 
building,  close  to  its  walls.  At  the  southwest 
corner  of  Thirteenth  and  Market  streets  was 
the  w^arehouse  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 
In  those  days  Thirteenth  street  was  lined  with 
quiet  homes;  in  Clover  street  were  small 
houses,  while  Chestnut  street  in  that  vicinity 

*  "  The  Controllers  of  the  public  schools  for  the  City  and 
County  of  Philadelphia  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  authorized, 
whenever  they  shall  think  proper,  to  establish  one  central 
high  school,  for  the  full  education  of  such  pupils  of  the  public 
schools  of  the  First  School  District  as  may  possess  the 
requisitequalifications."— Act  of  June  13,  1836,  Sec.  23. 


was  then  a  fashionable  part  of  the  town  and 
was  filled  with  the  residences  of  leading  and 
wealthy  citizens. 

"The  first  building  was  three  stories  in 
height,  each  floor  containing  three  rooms, 
which  were  subsequently  divided  as  there  was 
created  a  demand  for  more  rooms.  .The  most 
conspicuous  feature  of  the  new  school  was  the 
observatory  rising  from  the  rear  of  the  main 
building.  This  department  of  the  new  in- 
stitution of  learning  was  at  the  time  the  pride 
of  the  city,  its  superior  equipment  being 
famed  throughout  the  land  and  well  known 
even  abroad.  The  apparatus  was  finer  than 
that  of  Harvard  Universitv,  and  its  instru- 


one  of  the  upper  windows  of  the  United  States 
Mint.  It  was  taken  on  a  sheet  of  polished 
metal,  A  seidlitz  powder  box  with  a  few 
flakes  of  iodine  answered  for  a  coating  box, 
while  a  cigar  box  and  l^urning  glass  were  im- 
provised for  a  camera.  An  iron  spoon  served 
to  heat  the  mercury  to  develop  the  plate. 
The  picture  which  was  produced  is  owned  by 
the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

OPENING  OF  THE  SCHOOL. 

The  opening  of  the  school  was  character- 
ized by  its  simplicity,  there  being  no  formal 
exercises.  The  first  class  consisted  of  sixty- 
three  members.  Professor  Samuel  Mecutch- 
en,  who  filled  the  chair  of  higher  arithmetic 


SAMUEL  MECUTCHEN. 

ments  were  often  used  by  the  observers  of  the 
Naval  Observatory  at  Washington."* 

FIRST  PHOTOGRAPH  IN 
AMERICA. 

At  this  point  it  is  of  interest  to  note  that 
the  first  photograph  made  in  America  was  a 
view  of  the  first  high  school  building  and  the 
State  Arsenal  on  Juniper  street.  On  Octo- 
ber 1 6,  1839,  the  day  after  the  definite  account 
of  Daguerre's  process  was  published  in  Phila- 
delphia, Joseph  Saxton  took  the  picture  from 

♦From  "An  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Central  High 
School,"  by  George  H.  Cliff. 


ALEXANDER  DALLAS  BACHE. 

and  mensuration  from  1876  to   1880,  is  the 
oldest  living  member  of  the  first  class. 

FIRST  CORPS  OF  TEACHERS. 

The  first  faculty  consisted  of  but  four  mem- 
bers: Enoch  Wines,  A.  M.,  department  of 
languages,  who  acted  as  Principal;  John 
Frost,  LE.  D.,  department  of  history;  E.  Otis 
Kendall,  A.  M.,  now  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  department  of  higher  mathe- 
matics, natural  philosophy  and  chemistry; 
William  Vogdes,  LL.  D.,  department  of 
mathematics.  Professor  Vogdes  acted  as 
secretary  of  the  faculty. 


PROFESSOR  BACHE  ASSUMES 
CONTROL. 

The  followino;  year  Professor  Alexander 
Dallas  Bache,  president-elect  of  Girard  Col- 
lege, which  was  then  in  course  of  construc- 
tion, tendered  his  services  temporarily  to  the 
Board  of  Control.  Professor  Bache  was  ap- 
pointed an  advisory  superintendent  of  schools 
and  given  authority  to  organize  the  High 
School,  of  which  he  was  also  made  acting  Prin- 
cipal. The  same  year  Henry  McMurtric, 
M.  D.,  w^as  chosen  to  conduct  the  department 
embracing  natural  history,  anatomy  and 
physiology. 

COURSES  OF  STUDY. 

To  Professor  Bache  is  due  much  credit  for 
the  good  beginning  made  by  the  Central 
High  School.  He  outlined  its  policy  and 
moulded  its  course.  In  1840  he  submitted  to 
the  Board  of  Control  a  plan  of  reorganization, 
which  was  adopted.  It  provided  for  a  system 
of  instruction  extending  over  four  years,  with 
semi-annual  examinations.  Three  courses 
were  adopted  for  pupils  to  choose  from:  A 
principal  course,  of  four  years,  intended  as  a 
thorough  preparation  for  business  life;  the 
classical  course,  for  students  intending  to  fol- 
low the  professions,  and  the  English  course, 
of  two  years,  designed  for  those  who  could 
not  afTord  the  time  for  a  more  thorough  train- 
ing. During  the  term  ending  December, 
1840,  the  pupils  were  distributed  as  follows  in 
the  three  courses:  Principal,  71  per  cent.; 
classical,  22  per  cent. ;  English,  7  per  cent. 

HART  ELECTED  PRESIDENT. 

In  1842  Professor  Bache  retired  and  was 
succeeded  by  John  S.  Hart,  LL.  D.,  formerly 
adjunct  professor  of  languages  in  Princeton 
College.  The  organization  of  the  depart- 
nients  under  Professor  Hart  was  as  follows: — 

DEPARTMENTS  OF  1842. 

Department  of  Belles-Lettres,  Professor 
Frost,  assisted  by  Professors  Shaw  and 
Sanderson. 


Department  of  Ancient  Languages,  Pro- 
fessor Sanderson. 

Department  of  Modern  Languages,  Pro- 
fessor Deloutte. 

Department  of  Theorietical  Mathematics, 
Professor  Kendall. 

Department  of  Practical  Mathematics,  Pro- 
fessor \^ogdes. 

Department  of  Natural  History,  Professor 
McMurtrie. 

Department  of  Natural  Philosophy,  Pro- 
fessor Frazer. 

Department  of  Chemistry,  Professor  Booth. 

Department  of  Graphics,  Professor  Peale, 
assisted  by  Professor  Becker. 

Department  of  Mental,  Moral  and  Political 
Science,  Professor  Shaw. 


JOHN  S.  HART,  LL.  D. 

WRITTEN   EXAMINATIONS 
HELD. 

Professor  Hart  was  a  believer  in  the  exten- 
sion of  written  examinations  to  all  branches, 
so  far  as  practicable,  and  he  called  upon  well- 
know^n  men  who  had  no  connection  with  the 
school  to  conduct  these  examinations. 
Among  the  number  who  responded  to  his 
request  were  Robert  Bridges,  Joseph  R. 
Chandler,    George    M.    Dallas,    Dr.    Richard 


Dungleson,  Morton  McMichael,  S.  V.  Mer- 
rick, A.  V.  Parsons,  Richard  Vaux,  R.  M. 
Patterson  and  other  prominent  men. 

WHOM  THE  SCHOOL  MOST 
BENEFITED. 

It  was  about  this  time  that  the  High  School 
began  to  be  condemned  by  some  as  an  expen- 
sive institution,  designed  to  benefit  a  favored 
class.  Professor  Hart  proved  the  folly  of  the 
latter  idea,  giving  in  his  annual  report  to  the 
Board  of  Control  statistics  showing  the  occu- 
pations of  the  parents  of  the  pupils,  and  dem- 
onstrating that  more  than  three-fourths  of 
the  pupils  in  the  school  were  such  as  were 
unable  to  pay  for  their  education. 

AUTHORIZED  TO  CONFER 
DEGREES. 

By  an  Act  of  Assembly  of  April  9,  1849.  the 
authority  to  confer  academic  degrees  was 
given  to  the  High  School.*  On  September 
I  ith  of  the  same  year  the  Board  of  Controllers 
adopted  a  resolution  providing:  "That  the  de- 
gree of  Bachelor  of  x\rts  shall  hereafter  be  con- 
ferred upon  all  pupils  of  the  High  School  who 
shall  meritoriously  complete  tlie  four  years' 
course;  and  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  upon 
such  graduates  of  not  less  than  five  years' 
standing  as  shall  by  their  general  merit,  in  the 
judgment  of  the  committee,  entitle  them- 
selves to  that  distinction." 

At  the  present  time  the  degree  either  of 
Bachelor  of  Arts  or  Bachelor  of  Science  is 
conferred,  according  to  the  course  of  study 
completed  by  the  graduate. 

NEW  STUDIES  INTRODUCED. 

Among  other  innovations  introduced  by 
Professor  Hart  in  the  High  School  was  a 
course  in  Anglo-Saxon.     This,  with  the  then 

* ' '  The  Controllers  of  the  public  schools  of  the  First  School 
District  of  Pennsylvania  shall  have  and  possess  power  to 
confer  academical  degrees  in  the  arts  upon  graduates  of  the 
Central  High  School  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  the 
same  and  like  power  to  confer  degrees,  honorary  and  other- 
wise, which  is  now  possessed  by  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania." 


existing  course  of  lectures  on  the  early  history 
of  the  English  language,  he  took  under  his 
personal  charge.  New  studies  introduced  in 
the  school  at  about  the  same  period  were 
general  history,  local  history,  trigonometry, 
surveying,  navigation,  book-keeping,  phon- 
ography and  elocution. 


HOLDING  OF  COMMENCEMENTS. 

Commencement  exercises  were  for  some 
years  held  in  the  school  building,  but  in  Feb- 
ruary of  1848,  Musical  Fund  Hall  was  selected, 
as  being  better  adapted  for  the  comfort  of  a 
large  audience.  Since  then  commencements 
have  been  held  in  the  Chinese  Museum,  Ninth 
and  Sanson!  streets  (July,  1848);  National 
Hall,  Market  street  between  Twelfth  and 
Thirteenth;  Jayne's  Hall,  Association  Hall, 
the  Academy  of  Music,  the  Chestnut  Street 
Opera  House,  the  Broad  Street  Theatre  and 
the  Chestnut  Street  Theatre. 

The  department  of  chemistry  was  enlarged 
in  185 1  by  Professor  Boye,  and  in  1852  the 
German  Department  was  organized  under 
Professor  Frederick  A.  Roese. 


PRESENT  BUILDING  ERECTED. 

By  this  time  the  building  on  Juniper  street 
was  becoming  greatly  overcrowded.  It  had 
been  built  to  accommodate  only  350  pupils, 
but  over  500  were  in  attendance  in  1847.  Even 
raising  the  standard  of  admission  and  restrict- 
ing the  age  limit  failed  to  materially  reduce  the 
number.  The  need  of  a  new  building  became 
imperative,  and  as  the  city  was  rapidly  build- 
ing up  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Juniper 
Street  School-house,  the  latter  property  was 
sold  to  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  in  1853  and 
a  new  building  was  erected  at  the  southeast 
corner  of  Broad  and  Green  streets.  After  the 
sale  of  the  old  Iniilding  and  before  the  new  one 
was  completed,  the  school  occupied  the  old 
Model  School  Building  on  Chester  Street. 


CENTRAL  HIGH  SCHOOL, 
Southeast  corner  Broad  and  Green  Streets. 


135 


CORNER-STONE  LAID. 


CHANGES  IN  THE  CURRICULUM. 


The  corner-stone  of  the  new  building 
was  laid  May  31,  1853.  Bishop  Potter 
opened  the  ceremonies  with  prayer,  and 
addresses  were  made  by  Nathan  Nathans, 
chairman  of  the  High  School  Com- 
mittee; Principal  John  S.  Hart,  George  M. 
Wharton,  Dr.  R.  J.  Breckinridge,  of  Ken- 
tucky; Judge  John  C.  Knox,  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Pennsylvania;  Harlan  Ingram,  Judge 
^^"illiam  D.  Kelley  and  Thomas  B.  Florence. 

In  the  corner-stone  was  placed  a  box  con- 
taining a  copper  plate,  which  was  inscribed  as 
follows: — 

CENTRAL  HIGH  SCHOOL. 

Corner-stone  laid  May  31,  1853,  erected  by  the  Controllers 

of  the  Public  Schools  of  the   First  School 

District  of  Pennsylvania. 

COMMITTEE  ON  PROPERTY. 

Charged  with  the  erection  of  the  building. 

Benjamin  Baker,  Nathan  Nathans, 

Joseph  Cowperthwait,  Jamp;s  Peters, 

Jacob  C.  Slemmkr. 

COMMITTEE  ON  HIGH  SCHOOL. 
Nathan  Nathans,  George  M.  Wharton, 

Thomas  G.  Hollingsworth,         James  Peters, 
T.  K.  Collins. 


Pt  esident, 
Daniel  S.  Beideman. 


Secretary, 
Robert  J.  Hemphill. 


DEDICATION  OF  THE  BUILDING. 

The  building  was  formally  dedicated  June 
28,  1854.  Prayer  was  offered  by  Rev.  Philip 
F.  Meyer,  and  addresses  were  made  by  Rev. 
Dr.  Henry  A.  Boardman  and  Morton  Mc- 
Michael. 

THE  PRESENT  BUILDING. 

This  building  is  still  occupied  by  the  High 
School, pending  thecompletion  of  the  magnifi- 
cent edifice  in  course  of  erection  on  the 
opposite  side  of  Broad  street.  It  is  a  square, 
dull,  brick  structure,  its  one  conspicuous  feat- 
ure being  the  observatory,  which  for  years 
after  the  building  was  erected  was  a  source  of 
great  pride  to  Philadelphians.  Professor 
Elias  Loomis  said  that  its  opening  "formed  an 
epoch  in  the  history  of  American  astronomy." 


Changes  in  the  curriculum  marked  the  year 
1854,  when  the  classical  course  was  dropped 
entirely.  Two  years  later  the  department  of 
German  was  abandoned,  as  was  also  the  Eng- 
lish course.  This  re-adjustment  of  the  curri- 
culum removed  the  elective  features. 

PROFESSOR  MAGUIRE  ELECTED 
PRINCIPAL. 

In  December,  1858,  Professor  Hart 
resigned  the  Principalship  and  was  succeeded 
by  Professor  Nicholas  H.  Maguire,  A.  M.  In 
the  short  period  which  elapsed  between  the 


NICHOLAS  H.  MAGUIRE 

time  Professor  Hart  vacated  the  position  and 
Professor  Maguire  assumed  its  duties,  Pro- 
fessor William  Vogdes  acted  as  Principal. 

One  of  Professor  Maguire's  first  acts  was 
to  abolish  the  system  of  deducting  from 
scholarship  the  ''notes"  received  for  miscon- 
duct. He  held  that  the  practice  destroyed 
all  incentive  to  study  and  tended  to  increase 
rather  than  lessen  the  amount  of  misconduct. 

The  study  of  German  was  restored  to  the 
course  in  1859,  under  Professor  Romain 
Lujeane. 

HIGH  SCHOOL  DURING  THE 
WAR. 

During  the  Civil  War  the  number  of  pupils 
in  the  High  School  was  greatly  diminished. 


many  leaving  to  go  to  the  front.  This  pa- 
triotism was  encouraged,  and  in  1861  the 
faculty  passed  a  resolution  providing  "that 
any  pupil  of  the  advanced  classes  enlisting  is 
entitled  to  graduate  with  his  class,  and  a  pupil 
of  the  lower  division  may  resume  that  position 
in  the  school  which  he  resigned  when  so  en- 
listing." 

INVESTIGATION  INSTITUTED. 

Professor  Maguire  retired  in  1866,  and  on 
March  15th,  of  that  year,  a  special  committee 
of  the  Board  of  Control  was  appointed  to  in- 
vestigate all  the  departments  of  the  school 
and  report  their  condition,  recommending  any 
changes  deemed  necessary.  The  committee 
consisted  of  Samuel  Scheide,  William  C. 
Haines,  Wilham  M.  Levick,  Nathan  Hilles 
and  John  B.  Green. 

REORGANIZATION  OF  THE 
SCHOOL. 

The  result  of  their  investigation  was  a 
thorough  reorganization  of  the  school.  On 
May  8th  the  following  resolutions  were  sub- 
mitted to  the  Board  by  the  special  commit- 
tee:— 

''Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Board 
be,  and  is  hereby,  instructed  to  notify  mem- 
bers of  the  faculty  of  the  Boys'  High  School, 
that  their  term  of  service  will  expire  on  the 
first  day  of  September  next;  provided,  that 
nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  construed 
so  as  to  make  any  member  of  the  present 
faculty  ineligible  to  the  position  he  now 
occupies. 

"Resolved,  That  the  committee  of  the  Boys' 
High  School  be,  and  are  hereby,  instructed  to 
proceed  in  the  usual  manner  in  organizn^g  a 
new  faculty  as  heretofore  has  been  their  prac- 
tice in  filling  vacancies." 

NEW  FACULTY  CHOSEN. 

The  resolutions  were  adopted,  and  on 
August  27tli  a  new  faculty  was  chosen,  con- 
sisting of  the  following: — 


George  Inman  Riche,  Principal. 

James  Rhoads,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Belles- 
Lettres  and  History. 

James  McClune,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Theo- 
retical Mathematics  and  Astronomy. 

Zephaniah  Hopper,  A.  M.,  Professor  of 
Mathematics. 

James  A.  Kirpatrick,  A.  M.,  Professor  of 
Writing  and  Book-keeping. 

Edward  W.  Vogdes,  M.  D.,  Professor  of 
Moral,  Mental  and  PoHtical  Science. 

Louis  Angele,  Professor  of  the  German 
Language. 

Francis  A.  Bregy,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  the 
French  Language. 


GEORGE  INMAN  RICHE 

Joseph  W.  Wilson,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Prac- 
tical Mathematics. 

Henry  Hartshorne,  M.  D.,  Professor  of 
Anatomy,  Physiology  and  Natural  History. 

Daniel  W.  Howard,  A.  M.,  Professor  of 
History. 

George  Stuart,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  the 
Latin  Language. 

Isaac  Norris,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Natural 
Philosophy  and  Chemistry. 

Of  the  thirteen  members  composing  the 
new  faculty  ten  were  former  professors  in  their 
respective  departments.  The  faculty  was  in- 
stalled on  September  3d.  Shortly  after  it  was 
added  to  by  the  election  of  John  Kern  as  Pro- 
fessor of  Drawing. 


138 


CHANGES  IN  THE  CURRICULUM. 

Several  changes  in  the  curriculum  were 
made  by  President  Riche  when  he  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  his  new  position,  and  a 
number  of  reforms  were  instituted  by  him. 
The  changes  were  not  radical  nor  the  reforms 
obtrusive,  yet  both  apparently  operated  for 
good.  Among  other  things  he  succeeded  in 
placing  the  physical,  astronomical  and  chem- 
ical departments  upon  a  more  efficient  basis. 
The  old  apparatus  was  supplemented  by  new 
and  improved  instruments  and  the  observa- 
tory was  remodeled.*  At  this  time  a  chem- 
ical laboratory  was  also  fitted  up  in  the  base- 
ment. 


conducted  in  his  absence,  however,  by  Pro- 
fessor Zephaniah  Hopper,  the  senior  pro- 
fessor, who  with  firmness  and  decision  ore- 
vented  a  threatened  disintegration  of  the 
school  and  handed  it  over  in  excellent  condi- 
tion to  the  next  president,  Professor  Henry 
Clark  Johnson. 

The  value  of  Professor  Hopper's  services  in 
this  critical  period  of  the  High  School's  his- 
tory cannot  be  overestimated.  It  was  a  time 
requiring  the  best  efforts  of  an  able  man  and 
hrm  disciplinarian,  and  no  one  could  better 
have  filled  the  requirements  than  Professor 
Hopper,  whose  long  experience  and  excellent 
judgment   were  of  inestimable   service.     He 


FRANKLIN  TAYLOR,  M.  D. 

PROFESSOR  HOPPER'S  VALUABLE 
SERVICE. 

The  remainder  of  Professor  Riche' s  ad- 
ministration saw  but  few  changes.  He  re- 
signed in  February,  1886.  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Franklin  Taylor,  M.  D.  Owing 
to  illness  President  Taylor  devoted  only 
about  ten  months  to  the  duties  of  the 
presidency,  although  he  was  the  nomi- 
nal head  of  the  school  for  two  years 
and    a    half.      The    school    was    most    ably 


*  The  observations  taken  from  the  High  School  observa- 
tory during  the  transit  of  Venus  in  1878  gave  the  school  no 
little  notoriety. 


ZEPHANIAH  HOPPER. 

well  deserves  the  honor  which  is  to-day  ac- 
corded him. 

SEMI-CENTENNIAL  CELE- 
BRATED. 
The   semi-centennial   of   the   High   School 
was  celebrated,  October  29th  and  30th,  by  a 
public  meeting  and  reception.      [See  chapter 
on  the  Associated  Alumni.] 

ADMISSIONS  MADE  ANNUALLY. 

Beginning  with  the  year  1888,  admissions 
to  the  school  were  made  annually  instead  of 
semi-annually  as  had  theretofore  been  the 
custom. 


JOHNSON  BECOMES  PRESIDENT. 

Professor  Henry  Clark  Johnson,  formerly 
professor  of  Latin  in  Lehigh  University,  en- 
tered upon  the  duties  of  president  in  the  fall 
of  1888.  He  restored  the  elective  system  of 
courses  of  instruction  and  strengthened  the 
classical  course  by  the  addition  of  two  com- 
petent assistants. 

Through  his  efforts,  in  June,  1889,  a  new 
course  of  study  was  put  into  effect.  It  em- 
l)raced  five  distinct  courses,  viz. :  The  classical 
course,  including  Greek,  Latin,  French  and 
German;  the  regular  course,  including  Latin 
French  and  German;  a  course  in  chemistry, 


HENRY  CLARK  JOHNSON. 

similar  to  the  regular  course  but  with  a  large 
amount  of  time  devoted  to  special  work  in 
chemistry;  a  course  in  physics,  giving  a  large 
amount  of  time  to  higher  mathematics,  me- 
chanics and  physics,  and  the  scientific  course, 
designed  principally  for  those  expectinp-  to 
remain  in  the  school  only  two  or  three  years, 
and  also  for  those  desiring  fuller  instruction 
in  general  science,  mathematics  and  English. 

SCHOOL  OF  PEDAGOGY 
ESTABLISHED. 

In  September,  1890,  the  School  of  Peda- 
gogy was  organized  as  an  advance  course  for 
graduates  of   the   High   School,    to  prepare 


them  to  teach.  The  first  faculty  of  the 
School  of  Pedagogy  consisted  of  the  follow- 
ing:— 

Henry  Clark  Johnson,  A.  M.,  LL.  B.,  Presi- 
dent and  Professor  of  Methods  in  Civil  Gov- 
ernment. 

David  Wesley  Bartine,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  School  Economy  and  Organization. 

Edwin  James  Houston,  A.  M.,  Professor  of 
Methods  in  Physics  and  Physical  Geographv. 

Frederick  Foster  Christine,  A.  M.,  Pro- 
fessor of  School  Law. 

William  Houston  Greene,  A.  M.,  M.  D., 
Professor  of  Methods  in  Natural  Science. 

George  Howard  Cliff,  A.  M.,  Professor  of 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Teachine. 

Henry  Willis,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Methods 
in  History. 

Albert  Henry  Smyth,  A.  B.,  Professor  of 
the  History  of  Education. 

William  Albert  Mason,  A.  M.,  Professor  of 
Modeling  and  Methods  in  Drawing. 

Benjamin  Franklin  Lacy,  A.  M.,  Professor 
of  Psychology  and  Philosophy  of  Education. 

Charles  Sumner  Dolley,  M.  D.,  Professor  of 
Methods  in  Biology  and  Natural  History. 

The  school  was  opened  on  October  9th  with 
nine  pupils.  The  course  of  instruction  cov- 
ered one  year,  most  of  the  time  being  devoted 
to  psychology  and  philosophy  of  education, 
theory  and  practice  of  teaching,  history  of 
education  and  school  management. 

GROUND  BROKEN  FOR  THE 
NEW  BUILDING. 

In  1893  Councils  made  an  appropriation  for 
the  purchase  of  a  lot  and  the  commencement 
of  a  new  building  for  the  High  School,  and  the 
site  bounded  by  Broad,  Fifteenth,  Green  and 
Brandywine  streets  was  secured.  On  the 
afternoon  of  May  7,  1894,  the  ceremony  of 
breaking  ground  for  the  new  building  took 
place. 

The  exercises  were  simple  but  appropriate. 
Paul  Kavanagh,  chairman  of  the  Property 
Committee  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education, 


after  making  a  few  remarks,  handed  a  spade  to 
John  R.  Fanshawe,  vice-president  of  the  As- 
sociated Akmini  and  chairman  of  its  Commit- 
tee on  New  Buildings,  who  raised  the  first 
piece  of  sod.  Members  of  the  faculty,  Asso- 
siated  Alumni  and  Board  of  Public  Education 
and  the  students  of  the  school  were  present 
and  joined  in  the  ceremonies. 

CORNER-STONE  LAID. 

The  corner-stone  was  laid  on  October  20th 
of  the  same  y?ar.  Those  present  included 
city  officials,  members  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Education  and  the  Associated  Alumni,  and 
the  faculty  of  the  school. 

The  following  program  was  carried  out: — 

INTRODUCTORY. 

PAUL    KAVANAGH,   Chairman  Committee    on   Property, 
Board  of  Public  Education. 

INVOCATION. 

REV.  STEPHEN  W.  DANA,  D.  D. 
ADDRESS. 

SAMUEL  B.  HUEY,  Chairman  Committee  on  Central  High 
School. 

ADDRESS. 

EX-GOVERNOR   ROBERT   E.  PATTISON,    President  of 
the  Associated  Alumni  of  the  Central  High  School. 

ADDRESS. 

PROFESSOR  ROBERT  ELLIS  THOMPSON,  President  of 
the  Central  High  School. 

ADDRESS. 

PROFESSOR  EDWIN  J.  HOUSTON. 

ADDRESS. 

DR.  EDWARD  BROOKS,  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools. 

LAYING  OF  THE  CORNER-STONE. 

By  ISAAC  A.  SHEPPARD,  President  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Education. 

ADDRESS. 

JAMES  L.  MILES,  President  of  the  Select  Council  of 
Philadelphia. 

BENEDICTION. 

REV.  WILLIAM  N.  McVICKAR,  D.  D. 

In  the  corner-stone  was  placed  a  copper 
box  hermetically  sealed,  containing  the  fol- 
lowing : — 

Report  of  the  Board  of  PubHc  Education 
for  1893. 

General  Catalogue  of  the  School  from  the 
year  1838. 


Annual  Catalogue  of  the  School  for  1894. 

Proceedings  of  the  Semi-Centennial  of  the 
School. 

Reports  of  the  Associated  Alumni. 

Program  of  the  Corner-Stone  Laying. 

Roll  of  Autographs  of  the  Faculty. 

Roll  of  Autographs  of  every  Student  of  the 
School. 

Set  of  Proof  Coins  for  the  year  1894. 

Set  of  Photographs  of  the  Elevation  and 
Plans  of  the  New  Building,  with  Specifica- 
tions. 

Copies  of  Magazines  published  by  the  Stu- 
dents. 

Copies  of  the  Daily  Newspapers. 

DR.  THOMPSON'S  ADMINISTRATION. 

Dr.  Robert  Ellis  Thompson  became  presi- 
dent of  the  faculty,  February  26,  1894,  Presi- 
dent Johnson  having  resigned  at  the  close  of 

1893- 

Upon  assuming  the  duties  of  the  presidency 
Dr.  Thompson  at  once  proceeded  to  put  -nto 
effect  many  excellent  plans  which  he  had  con- 
ceived for  the  improvement  of  the  school. 
He  has,  during  the  entire  term  of  his  incum- 
bency, been  constantly  on  the  alert  to  dis- 
cover any  faults  in  the  curriculum  and 
methods  of  teaching  and  discipline,  and  so 
far  as  possible  has  endeavored  to  eliminate  the 
faulty  features  and  extend  the  usefulness  of 
the  school. 

The  year  1894,  his  first  year  as  president, 
was  marked  by  the  abolition  of  numerical 
marking,  w^hich  for  many  years  was  one  of 
the  greatest  impediments  to  effective  work  in 
the  school;  exemption  from  examinations, 
where  thoroughness  of  work,  regularity  of  at- 
tendance, etc.,  warranted  such  exemption ;the 
substitution  of  four  full  hours  a  day  for  the 
five  shorter  periods  of  study  formerly  em- 
ployed; the  institution  of  a  system  making  it 
necessary  for  a  student  to  attain  a  high  aver- 
age in  every  branch  of  study,  which  took  the 
place  of  a  system  of  promotion  on  general 
averages;  the  partial  readjustment  of  the  work 


with  reference  to  the  needs  of  the  classical  and 
scientific  courses,  and  the  organization  by  the 
teachers  of  mathematics  of  a  mathematical 
seminar. 

The  year  1895  saw  a  reduction  effected  in 
the  number  of  studies  required  of  each  class; 
the  better  adaptation  of  the  classical  course  to 
the  requirements  of  students  preparing  to 
enter  the  arts  course  of  any- university,  and 
the  complete  organization  of  the  teaching 
force  under  a  head  of  each  department. 


SCHOOL  OF  PEDAGOGY 
REORGANIZED. 

Early  in  the  year  of  1896  a  new  department 
was  created  in  the  Central  High  School,  called 
the  Department  of  the  Science  of  Pedagogies. 
The  School  of  Pedagogy  as  previously  con- 
stituted was  made  a  constituent  part  of  that 
department,  and  a  "Professorship  of  the 
Science  of  Pedagogics"  was  instituted. 
Francis  Burke  Brandt,  of  the  High  School 
faculty,  was  elected  to  fill  this  chair. 

The  organization  of  the  Department  of  the 
Science  of  Pedagogics  was  a  virtual  extension 
of  the  School  of  Pedagogy.  Its  object,  as 
presented  in  the  general  statement  recentlv 
published,  is  identical  with  the  original  pur- 
pose of  the  school,  "to  afford  young  men  op- 
portunity for  a  thorough  professional  train- 
ing in  the  science  and  art  of  teaching." 

The  course  of  instruction  designed  to  give 
this  professional  training  extends  over  a 
period  of  two  years.  It  is  divided  into  two 
general  departments,  the  science  or  theory  of 
education,  and  the  art  or  practice  of  teachmg. 

COURSES  OF  STUDY  IN  THE 
HIGH  SCHOOL. 

The  studies  of  the  Freshman  year  in  the 
Central  High  School  are  the  same  for  all  stu- 
dents. At  the  close  of  that  year  an  election 
is  made  between  Greek  and  German.  At  the 
close  of  the  Sophomore  year  there  is  a  further 
election  for  two  years  for  those  who  have  not 


elected  Greek,  between  French  and  the  con- 
tinued study  of  Latin.  At  the  close  of  the 
Junior  year  there  is  also  for  these  students  of 
the  scientific  sections  choice  between  special 
work  in  biology,  chemistry,  physics  and  ap- 
plied mathematics,  including  laboratory  prac- 
tice in  each  of  these  subjects.  In  the  Senior 
year  the  students  of  the  classical  sections  elect 
between  German  and  French. 

Admissions  to  the  school  are  ordinarily 
made  by  promotions  from  the  twelfth  grade 
of  the  boys'  grammar,  consolidated  and 
combined  schools  of  the  city.  This  is  based 
on  the  results  of  an  examination  held  in  the 
month  of  June  under  the  direction  of  the  Su- 
perintendent of  Public  Schools,  and  an- 
nounced to  the  Principals  of  the  schools  and 
to  the  public  by  advertisement.  Under  the 
act  passed  bv  the  State  Legislature  in  1893, 
the  children  of  soldiers  who  served  in  the  late 
War,  although  not  residents  of  the  city,  are 
entitled  to  admission  if  found  competent  to 
pass.  All  other  candidates  must  be  residents 
of  the  city.  The  age  of  thirteen  is  required 
for  admission,  but  the  average  in  recent 
classes  is  over  fifteen. 

STUDENTS'  INTERESTS. 

The  students  of  the  school  rid  themselves 
of  the  monotony  with  which  school  life  is  too 
often  conducted  by  organizing  associations 
among  themselves,  musical,  literary  and  ath- 
letic. For  many  years  past  the  respective 
graduating  classes  have  published  a  bright 
little  monthly  called  "The  Mirror,"  which  is 
the  organ  of  the  Associated  Alumni,  and  con- 
tains, besides  original  matter  contributed  by 
the  students,  much  valuable  and  interesting 
information  regarding  the  school  and  its 
alumni.  The  students  have  adopted  orange 
and  red  as  the  school  colors. 

STATISTICS. 

The  number  of  students  in  the  school  at 
the  beginning  of  1896  was  865,  and  there 
was  an  increase  during  the  year.     From  the 


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opening  of  the  school  in  1838  to  1895,  inclu- 
sive, 14,655  students  were  admitted.  Of 
these  4,244  graduated  in  the  full  four  years' 
course  of  study,  and  over  2,500  received  cer- 
tificates of  having  completed  partial  courses 
of  two  years  or  more,  and  less  than  four. 

INTROSPECTIVE. 

That  the  next  half  century  will  see 
the  Central  High  School  become  one 
of  the  greatest  educational  institutions 
of  its  kind  in  the  country  no  one  who 
is  in  touch  with  its  aims  and  spirit  can  doubt. 
It  has  made  great  progress  in  the  past  few 
years;  it  may  surprise  the  world  in  the  years 
to  come.  With  the  completion  of  the  new 
building  the  High  School  will  enter  upon  a 
new  and  glorious  epoch,  and  the  greatest 
dreams  which  its  loyal  graduates  entertain 
concerning  it  may  be  realized. 

There  is  talk  of  enlarging  its  sphere  and 
raising  its  standard.  This  proposition  has  the 
cordial  support  of  every  friend  of  public  edu- 
cation and  it  cannot  be  carried  into  efifect  too 
soon.  There  is  also  consideraole  talk  about 
changing  the  name  of  the  school  to  the  "Col- 
lege of  Philadelphia."  The  president  of  the 
faculty  and  some  of  the  alumni  are  in  favor 
of  it,  but  there  are  many  others  who  as 
earnestly  oppose  it. 

THE  NEW  BUILDING. 

The  new  building  now  being  erected  at  the 
southwest  corner  of  Broad  and  Green  streets, 
will,  when  completed,  rank  among  the  finest 
school  buildings  in  the  country. 

The  lot  has  a  frontage  of  186  feet  5  inches 
on  Broad  and  on  Fifteenth  streets,  395  feet  8 
inches  on  Green  and  On  Brandywine  streets. 
The  size  of  the  main  building  is  170  feet  by  221 
feet  II  inches,  four  stories  in  height,  with  a 
basement,  and  the  annex  no  feet  by  150  feet, 
also  four  stories  high,  with  an  interior  court- 
yard 66  feet  6  inches  by  80  feet  10  inches. 
The  architecture  is  of  the  Norman  type,  and 
both  structures  are  granite.     The  height  of 


the  floors  of  the  main  building  follows: 
Basement,  11  feet;  first  story,  16  feet;  second 
and  third  stories,  each  15  feet;  fourth  story, 
13  feet.  The  ridge  of  the  roof  is  92  feet  above 
the  curb  on  Broad  street.  There  are  sixty 
rooms  in  the  main  building,  not  including  the 
basement,  fifty-two  being  class  rooms.  The 
largest  is  34  by  56  feet,  and  the  smallest  is  30 
by  39  feet  6  inches;  there  are  also  eight  lab- 
oratories, a  private  office  and  president's 
room.  The  basement  has  thirteen  rooms  and 
two  laboratories.  On  the  Broad  street  front 
there  is  a  tower  32  by  38  feet,  surmcunted 
bv  an  astronomical  dome  24  feet  in  diameter, 
and  the  top  of  the  stone  work  is  137  feet 
above  the  curb  line.  There  will  be  two  spa- 
cious stairways  and  two  fire-escape  stairways, 
also  three  elevators  in  the  main  building,  two 
for  passengers  and  one  for  frei<^ht.  One  of 
the  passenger  elevators  will  run  to  the 
top  of  the  tower,  and  the  freight  elevator  from 
the  basement  to  the  fourth  floor. 

The  basement  of  the  annex  will  contain  the 
coat  rooms,  lunch  rooms  and  a  swimming 
pool;  the  first  floor  consists  of  a  lecture  room, 
seating  800  people,  an  alumni  library  and 
reading  room,  and  four  rooms  to  be  used  a: 
offices  and  retiring  rooms;  the  second  and  third 
floors  are  taken  up  by  the  large  assembly 
room,  80  by  144  feet,  with  a  spacious  p-allery 
along  the  east  side,  and  has  a  total  seating 
capacity  of  2,500.  The  height  of  the  ceiling 
is  33  feet.  The  platform  is  28  by  40  feet,  with 
retiring  rooms  on  either  side. 

In  the  assembly  hall  will  be  the  memorial 
window  to  Edward  T.  Steel,  the  late  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Public  Education,  placed 
there  by  his  daughters.  It  will  be  a  beautiful 
work  of  art;  the  twelve  subjects  treated  are 
astronomy,  instruction,  wood  carving,  recrea- 
tion, sewing,  painting,  chemistry,  singing, 
cooking,  studying,  forging  and  kindergartens. 
The  dimensions  are  20  Dy  14  feet.  The  in- 
scription wil  read:  "In  memory  of  the  iove 
Edward  T.  Steel  bore  the  children  of  Phila- 
delphia." The  fourth  story  will  be  devoted 
to  a  gymnasium;  the  main  room  is  the  same 


size  as  the  assembly  hall,  and  will  be  supplied 
with  dressing  rooms  and  apparatus,  and  the 
height  of  the  ceiling  is  40  feet.  The  annex 
has  two  wide  stairways,  also  an  additional 
flight  from  the  assembly  room  floor  to  the 
gallery;  likewise,  two  fire-escape  stairways, 
one  at  each  end  of  the  building.  The  main 
building  will  be  connected  with  the  Fifteenth 
street  structure  by  an  iron  bridge,  8  feet  wide, 
connecting  each  floor  of  the  two  buildings. 
These,  together  with  the  stairways,  will 
render  the  assembly  room  absolutely  safe  in 
case  of  fire.  The  space  between  the  main 
building  and  the  annex,  58  feet  3  inches  by  85 
feet,  will  be  utilized  for  a  boiler,  engine  and 
dynamo  room. 

The  roof  of  the  building  will  be  slate,  the 
skylights  wire  glass  and  the  pavements  and 
cellar  floor  cement.  The  floors  are  of  venti- 
lated, fire-proof  construction,  and  the  stair- 
ways are  iron.  The  interior  woodwork  will 
be  quartered  oak,  the  plastering  adamant  or 
Windsor  cement,  and  the  ceiling  steel.  The 
corridor  floors  will  be  laid  in  mosaic,  and  the 
rooms  and  corridors  wainscoted  with  tile,  the 
corridors  6  feet  high,  and  the  rooms  to  the 
window  sills.  The  building  will  be  ventilated 
and  heated  by  the  fan  system,  and  lighted  by 
gas  and  electricity.  The  sanitary  installment 
will  be  complete  and  embrace  every  modern 
improvement. 


THE  ADJOINING  PROPERTY. 

An  effort  will  be  made  to  have  the  property 
south  of  the  new  building,  bounded  by  Broad, 
Fifteenth,  Brandywine  and  Spring  Garden 
streets,  secured  by  the  city  and  converted  into 
a  public  park.  This  would  prevent  the  erec- 
tion of  any  noisy  or  unsightly  factory  building 
on  the  site,  and  would  be  decidedly  advanta- 
geous to  the  High  School. 


THE  FACULTY. 

The  present  faculty  of  the  school  is  consti- 
tuted as  follows: — 


Robert  Ellis  Thompson,  A.  M.,  S.  T.  D., 
President,  and  Professor  of  Ethics  and  Politi- 
cal Science. 

Zephaniah  Hopper,  A.  M.,  Professor  cf 
Geometry. 

George  Stuart,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of 
the  Latin  Language  and  Literature.  Head 
of  the  Department  of  Ancient  and  Modern 
Languages. 

David  W.-ley  Bartine,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Algebra  and  Secretary  of  th- 
Faculty. 

Edwin  James  Houston,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.. 
Emeritus  Professor  of  Physical  Geographv 
and  Natural  Philosophy. 

Jacob  Farnum  Holt,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  and 
Natural  History.  Head  of  the  Department 
of  Biology. 

Max  Straube,  Professor  of  the  German 
Language  and  Literature. 

George  Washington  Schock,  A.  M.,  Sc.  D., 
Professor  of  Higher  Mathematics. 

Frederick  Foster  Christine,  A.  M.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Logic  and  Rhetoric. 

William  Houston  Greene,  A.  M.,  M.  D., 
Emeritus  Professor  of  Chemistry. 

Monroe  Benjamin  Snyder,  A.  M.,  Professor 
of  Astronomy  and  Applied  Mathematics. 
Head  of  the  Department  of  Mathematics. 

Henry  Willis,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  History 
and  Civil  Government.  Head  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  History. 

Albert  Henry  Smyth,  A.  B.,  Professor  of 
the  English  Language  and  Literature.  Head 
of  the  Department  of  English  Language  and 
Literature. 

Oscar  C.  S.  Carter,  Professor  of  Miner- 
alogy, Geology  and  Associate  in  Chemistry. 

Harry  Frederick  Keller,  B.  S.,  Ph.  D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Chemistry.  Head  of  the  Department 
of  Physical  Science. 

William  Francis  Gray,  Professor  of  Draw- 
ing and  Architecture. 

John  Mather  Miller,  A.  M.,  Assistant  Pro- 
fessor of  the  English  Language  and  Litera- 
ture. 


{ 


146 


Benjamin  Franklin  Lacy,  A.  M.,  B.  S.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Physics  and  i'hysical  Geography. 

Samuel  Ervvin  Berger,  A.  M.,  Assistant 
Professor  of  Latin  and  Greek. 

Charles  Sumner  Dolley,  M.  D.,  Professor  of 
Biology. 

Bernard  Maurice,  A.  M.,  Instructor  in  the 
French  Language  and  Literature. 

Ellis  Anstett  Schnabel,  A.  M.,  Assistant 
Professor  of  Latin  and  Greek. 

Ernest  Lacy,  Assistant  Professor  of  the 
English  Language  and  Literature. 

Howard  Weidener  DuBois,  A.  B.,  Assistant 
Professor  of  Applied  Mathematics. 

Thomas  Montgomery  Lightfoot,  M.  S., 
Ph.  D.,  Instructor  in  Physics. 

Harry  Heston  Belknap,  Instructor  in  His- 
tory. 

Philip  Maas,  M.  A.,  Instructor  in  Chem- 
istry. 

John  Duncan  Spaeth,  A.  B.,  Ph.  D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  English  Philology. 

James  Henry  Graham,  A.  B.,  Ph.  B.,  In- 
structor in  Mathematics. 

Julius  Lederer  Neufeld.  A.  B.,  E.  E.,  In- 
structor in  Mathematics  and  Drawing. 

Frank  Spencer  Edmonds,  A.  B.,  Ph.  B.,  In- 
structor in  History. 

Arthur  Wellesley  Howes,  A.  B.,  Assistant 
Professor  of  Greek  and  Latin. 

Francis  Burke  Brandt,  A.  B.,  Ph.  D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  the  Science  of  Pedagogics.  Head  of 
the  Department  of  the  Science  of  Pedagogics. 

Jonathan  T.  Rorer,  Jr.,  A.  M.,  Instructor 
in  Mathematics. 

Cheesman  Abiah  Herrick,  Ph.  B.,  Instruc- 
tor in  History. 

John  Allen  Heany,  A.  B.,  Assistant  in 
Physics  and  Mechanics. 

William  John  Long,  A.  M.,  Assistant  to 
the  President. 

Jesse  Pawling,  Jr.,  A.  M.,  B.  S.,  Instructor 
in  Physics. 

John  Stokes  Morris,  A.  M.,  B.  S.,  In- 
structor in  Mathematics. 

Lewis  Reifsneider  Harley,  Ph.  D.,  Instruc- 
tor in  English  and  History. 


James  Miller  Hill,  A.  M.,  Instructor  in 
Latin. 

FORMER  PRESIDENTS. 

A  list  of  the  Principals  and  Presidents  of 
the  High  School  from  the  time  of  its  organ- 
ization follows: — 

Alexander  Dallas  Bache,  LL.  D.,  1839-42. 

John  S.  Hart,  LL.  D.,  1842-58. 

Nicholas  H.  Maguire,  A.  M.,  1858-66. 

George  Inman  Riche,  A.  M.,  1866-86. 

Franklin  Taylor,  M.  D.,  1886-88. 

Henry  Clark  Johnson,  A.  M.,  LL.  B.,  1888- 
93- 

Robert  Ellis  Thompson,  A.  M.,  S.  T.  D., 
1894. 

FORMER  PROFESSORS. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  professors  of 
the  High  School  since  its  organization,  bar- 
ring those  of  the  present  faculty: — 

John  Frost,  LL.  D.,  1834-45. 

Enoch  C.  Wines,  A.  M.,  1838-41. 

E.  Otis  Kendall,  A.  M.,  1838-55. 

Joseph  Wharton,  LL.  D.,  1838. 

William  Vogdes,  LL.  D.,  1838-61. 

Henry  McMurtrie,  M.  D.,  1839-61. 

J.  A.  Deloutte,  1840-43. 

Rembrandt  Peale,  1840-44. 

John  Sanderson,  1840-44. 

Oliver  A.  Shaw,  1841-43. 

John    C.  Cresson,  1842. 

James  C.  Booth,  A.  M.,  1842-45. 

John  F.  Frazer,  A.  M.,  1842-44. 

Francis  A.  Bregy,  A.  M.,  1843-58. 

Henry  Haverstick,  A.  M.,  1844-66. 

George  J.  Becker,  1844-53. 

James  Rhoads,  A.  M.,  1845-77. 

Martin  H.  Boye,  M.  D.,  1845-59. 

James  A.  Kirkpatrick,  A.  M.,  1851-68. 

Alexander  J.  MacNeill,  A.  M.,  1853-62. 

Frederick  A.  Roese,  1854-56. 

James  McClune,  A.  M.,  LL.  D.,  1855-77. 

Edward  W.  Vogdes,  M.  D.,  1858-S7. 

George  Gerard,  A.  M..  1859-61. 

B.  Howard  Rand,  M.  D.,  1859-64. 


Romain  Lujeane,  1859-60. 
Lewis  Angele,  1860-74. 
Francis  A.  Bregy,  A.  M.,  1862-66. 
Henry  Hartshorne,  M.  D.,  1862-67. 
Joseph  W.  Wilson,  A.  M.,  1862-80. 
Joseph  B.  Beale,  1862-66. 
Lemuel  Stevens,  M.  D.,  1865-66. 
Daniel  W.  Howard,  A.  M.,  1866-86. 
Isaac  Norris,  M.  D.,  1866-76. 
John  Kern,  A.  M.,  1866-86. 
Edwin  J.  Houston,  A.  M.,  1867-94. 
George  Corliss,  A.  M.,  1868-75. 
EHhu  Thomson,  A.  M.,  1876-80. 
Samuel  Mecutchen,  A.  M.,    1877-81. 
William  N.  Meeks,  A.  M.,  1878. 
Franklin  Taylor,  M.  D.,  1878-86. 
William  H.  Greene,  M.  D.,  1880-92. 
Andrew  J.  Morrison,  1881-83. 
George  Howard  CHff,  A.  M.,  1883-93. 
William  L.  Sayre,  1886-87. 
William  A.  Mason,  A.  M.,  1887-92. 


FORMER  ASSISTANT  PROFESSORS 
AND  INSTRUCTORS. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  assistant  pro- 
fessors and  instructors  of  the  High  School 
since  its  organization,  barring  those  who  have 
been  connected  as  professors  or  who  are  now 
connected  as  professors  or  assistants  with  the 
school: — 

Elvin  K.  Smith,  A.  M.,  1843-44. 

Daniel  Strock,  A.  M.,  1844-45. 

James  Lynd,  A.  M.,  1845. 

Thomas  B.  Cannon,  A.  B.,  1845-46. 

Frederick  G.  Heyer,  A.  M.,  1846-51. 

Samuel  S,  Fisher,  A.  M.,  1851-53. 

Henry  S.  Schell,  M.  D.,  1853-54. 

James  B.  Fisher,  A.  M.,  1854-58. 


William  H.  Williams,  A.  B.,  1858-59. 
Jacob  G.  H.  Ring,  A.  M.,  1859-66. 
John  S.  Hough,  M.  D.,  1868. 
John  S.  Newton,  M.  D.,  1868-70. 
Henry  Leffman,  M.  D.,  1876-80. 
Chester    Nye    Farr,    Jr.,    A.    B.,  LL.   B., 
1890-95. 

FACULTY  OF  THE  SCHOOL 
OF  PEDAGOGY. 

The  faculty  of  the  School  of  Pedagogy  is 
constituted  as  follows: — 

Robert  Ellis  Thompson,  A.  M.,  S.  T.  D.. 
President,  and  Professor  of  Ethical  and  Politi- 
cal Science. 

David  Wesley  Bartine,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  School  of  Economy. 

Frederick  Foster  Christine,  A.  M.,  Pro- 
fessor of  School  Law. 

Albert  Henry  Smyth,  A.  B.,  Professor  of 
the  History  of  Education. 

Charles  Sumner  Dolley,  M.  D.,  Professor 
of  Biology  and  of  Methods  of  Teaching 
Science. 

William  Francis  Gray,  Professor  of  Meth- 
ods in  Drawing  and  Modeling. 

Henry  WilHs,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Methods 
of  Teaching  History  and  Geography. 

Benjamin  Franklin  Lacy,  A.  M.,  B.  S.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Educational  Psychology. 

Ernest  Lacy,  Instructor  in  Methods  of 
Teaching  Reading. 

John  Duncan  Spaeth,  A.  B.,  Ph.  D.,  Profes- 
sor of  Methods  of  Teaching  English. 

Monroe  Benjamin  Snyder,  A.  M.,  Profes- 
sor of  the  Pedagogics  of  Mathematics. 

Francis  Burke  Brandt,  A.  B.,  Ph.  D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  the  Science  of  Pedagogics,  and  Head 
of  the  Department. 


148 


ROBERT  ELLIS  THOMPSON,  A.  M.,  S.  T.  D. 
President  of  the  Faculty. 


Robert  Ellis  Thompson  was  born  near 
Warino^stown,  County  Down,  Ireland,  on  the 
5th  of  April,  1844.  He  was  the  son  of  a 
farmer  and  manufacturer  of  linens,  who  emi- 
grated to  America  in  1857,  and  settled  in 
Philadelphia.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Han- 
cock Grammar  School,  and  transferred  from 
this  to  the  Harrison  Grammar  School,  from 
which  he  went  to  the  High  School  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1858,  ranking  third  of  one  hundred  and 
nineteen  then  admitted.  Finding  the  High 
School  did  not  then  prepare  for  college  he 
withdrew  to  Dr.  John  W.  Faires's  Classical 
Academy,  from  which  he  proceeded  to  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  i860.  He  was 
the  first  honor  man  of  his  class  for  the  greater 
part  of  his  course,  and  at  graduation,  when  he 
delivered  the  Greek  salutatory.  Three  years 
later  he  delivered  the  master's  oration. 

In  1868,  Dr.  Thompson  was  chosen  in- 
structor in  Latin  and  mathematics  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1870  was 
transferred  to  the  department  of  history  as 
assistant  to  Professor  Stnle.  On  the  estab- 
li:hment    of    the    Wharton    School    he    was 


elected  Professor  of  Social  Science  and  en- 
trusted, as  dean,  with  its  organization.  On 
the  resignation  of  Dr.  Stille  he  returned  to  the 
department  of  history,  being  made  John 
Welsh  professor  of  that  subject,  with  the  con- 
currence of  the  founder  of  that  chair.  In 
1 89 1  his  resignation  was  asked  for  and  re- 
fused, and  he  was  removed  from  the  chair  by 
the  trustees,  he  refusing  to  accept  any  other. 

In  February,  1893,  he  was  elected  President 
of  the  Central  High  School,  and  has  filled 
that  position  since  his  inauguration  in  March 
of  that  year. 

Professor  Thompson  is  well  know-n  as  an 
economist  of  the  Protectionist  School, 
founded  by  Henry  C.  Carey.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Lecturer  on  "Protective  Tarififs"  in 
Harvard  University  for  the  year  1884-85.  and 
in  Yale  University  for  the  two  years  fol- 
lowing. Besides  his  Harvard  lectures  he 
has  published  two  text-books  of  Politi- 
cal Economy,  as  well  as  several  pam- 
phlets. He  has  lectured  on  the  subject  at 
Princeton,  Cornell,  Swarthmore,  Williams, 
Amherst    and    Chautauqua;    on    ethics    and 


149 


politics  in  the  Plymouth  Summer  School  of 
Ethics,  and  on  English  literature  in  the  Penn- 
sylvania Chautauqua.  He  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  University  extension  work,  lect- 
uring in  Philadelphia  and  adjacent  cities. 
Since  1891  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
faculty  of  the  Wagner  Free  Institute  of 
Science,  lecturing  on  history,  literature  or 
economics  every  winter. 

Professor  Thompson  was  ordained  by  the 
Reformed  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia  in  1873, 
and  united  with  the  Presbyterian  Church  in 
1882.  He  has  never  had  a  pastoral  charge. 
He   wrote   the   history   of   the    Presbyterian 


Church  for  the  series  published  by  the  Christ- 
ian Literature  Society.  In  1891,  he  was 
Stone  lecturer  in  Princeton  Seminary,  and 
pubHshed  his  lectures  under  the  title:  "De 
Civitate  Dei:  The  Divine  Order  of  Human 
Society." 

For  the  first  ten  years  of  its  existence  Pro- 
fessor Thompson  edited  "The  Penn  Monthly," 
but  In  1880  resigned  to  become  editor  of  "The 
American,"  a  literary  and  political  weekly, 
with  which  he  continued  until  its  suspension 
in  1890.  He  has  written  largely  for  other 
periodicals  on  religious,  economic  and  histor- 
ical questions. 


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The  Philadelphia  Normal  School  for  Girls 

AND 

The  Girls'  High  School 


In  no  feature  of  the  development  of  edu- 
cation in  Philadelphia  has  the  community 
been  more  progressive,  more  alive  to  the 
necessitiesof  the  times, than  in  providing  pro- 
fessional instruction  for  the  teachers  of  her 
schools.  In  1818,  twenty-one  years  before 
the  first  State  Normal  School  was  opened  in 
Lexington,  Mass.,  Pennsylvania,  in  the 
law  which  provides  "for  the  education  of 
children  at  public  expense,  within  the  City 
and  County  of  Philadelphia,"  gave  to  the 
Controllers  of  Public  Schools  the  power  "to 
establish  a  Model  School,  in  order  to  c|ualify 
teachers  for  the  Sectional  schools  and  fcr 
schools  in  other  parts  of  the  State." 

This  Model  School,  which  was  opened  De- 
cember 21,  181 8,  was  situated  on  Chester 
street  between  Race  and  Vine  streets.  It 
was,  in  effect,  what  a  normal  school  is  to-day. 
The  system  at  first  pursued  was  that  of  the 
celebrated  English  educator,  Joseph  Lancas- 
ter, who  was  the  Principal. 

The  Model  School  was  really  a  practice 
school,  in  which  the  pupil-teacher  learned 
through  experience  how  to  manage  unruly 
charges.  The  popularity  of  the  school  was 
great,  it  having  at  one  time  nearly  six  hundred 
pupils. 

INFANT  MODEL  SCHOOL 
ESTABLISHED. 

An  Infant  Model  School  was  added  to  the 
school  in  1832,  and  this  was  immediately  suc- 
cessful, the  President  of  the  Board  of  Control, 
Thomas  Dunlap,  saying  of  it  in  his  annual 


report  for  1834:  "It  has  furnished  an  admir- 
able seminary  for  the  instruction  of  infant 
school  teachers,  numbers  of  whom  have  regu- 
arly  devoted  their  time  to  the  acquirement  of 
practical  skill  in  conducting  these  schools." 
Again,  in  1835,  President  Dunlap  said:  "The 
original  Model  Infant  School,  established  by 
the  Controllers,  continues  to  merit  the  warm 
approbation  which  has  heretofore  been  ex- 
pressed by  the  Board,  and  in  addition  to  its 
direct  utility  to  the  pupils  enrolled  in  it,  has, 
under  the  guidance  of  its  experienced  and  in- 
defatigable teacher,  been  of  great  importance 
in  the  furtherance  of  the  plan  by  the  indis- 
pensable aid  it  has  furnished  in  preparing  and 
qualifying  teachers  for  the  same  department 
of  instruction." 

CONVERTED  INTO  A  GRAMMAR 
SCHOOL. 

In  1836  it  was  found  necessary  to  substi- 
tute in  the  Model  School,  "an  older  class  of 
females,  graduates  of  the  school,  as  assistants, 
in  the  places  of  the  monitors  selected  from  the 
pupils  themselves,"  and  the  school  became 
one  of  the  grammar  schools  of  the  city,  los- 
ing its  distinctive  character  as  a  training 
school  for  teachers. 

JUDGE  CAMPBELL'S  PROPOSI- 
TION. 

In  1 84 1,  Hon.  James  Campbell,  a  noted 
jurist,  then  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Con- 
trollers, advocated  the  establishment  of  a  high 


school  for  girls.  The  following  resolution 
was  offered  by  him  in  the  Board: — 

"Resolved,  That  a  nigh  School  and  a 
school  for  female  teachers  be  established,  to 
be  conducted  according  to  the  plan  herewith 
annexed : — 

"Resolved,  That  the  sum  of  $3,000  be  ap- 
propriated for  the  erection  of  suitable  bviild- 
ings  for  said  school,  and  purchasing  furniture 
for  it,  and  that  the  committee  on  said  school 
be  authorized  to  have  the  same  erected  and 
completed  forthwith." 

The  resolution  was  signed  by  Judge  Camp- 
bell, Henry  Leech  and  William  F.  Ireland. 
The  idea  was  too  advanced  for  the  time  and 
consideration  of  the  matter  was  indefinitely 


Philadelphia,  feeling  that  the  experience  and 
training  of  the  teachers  of  the  city  schools 
were  inadequate,  converted  the  Model  School 
into  a  Normal  School,  in  1848.  While  to 
Massachusetts  must  belong  the  honor  of  hav- 
ing established  the  first  State  Normal  School, 
Philadelphia  is  to  be  credited  with  being  the 
first  city  in  the  United  States  to  estabHsh  a 
city  school  exclusively  for  the  training  of 
teachers. 

FACULTY  OF  THE  FIRST  NORMAL 
SCHOOL. 

The  Normal  School  was  opened  on  Feb- 
ruary I,  1848,  with  Dr.  A.  T.  W.  Wright  as 


HON.  JAMES  CAMPBELL. 

postponed.  But  the  sentiment  in  favor  of 
higher  education  for  girls,  which  was  aroused 
by  the  agitation  inaugurated  by  Judge  Camp- 
bell, resulted,  a  few  years  later,  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Normal  School. 

NORMAL  SCHOOL  ESTAB- 
LISHED. 

In  the  meantime  great  attention  had  been 
given  to  normal  school  training  in  other  parts 
of  the  country.  Massachusetts,  in  1839, 
established  the  first  State  Normal  School  in 
America,  and,  in  1844,  New  York  established 
a  similar  school  at  Albany.  The  need  of  pro- 
fessional training  for  teachers  was  recognized 
everywhere,   and   the   School   Controllers   of 


DR.  A.  T.  W.  WRIGHT. 

Principal,  and  the  following  corps  of  in- 
structors:— 

Miss  Elizabeth  Jackson,  Teacher  of  Mathe- 
matics. 

Miss  Emma  L.  Field,  Teacher  of  History. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Houpt,  Teacher  of  Gram- 
mar. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Brown,  Teacher  of  Reading. 

E.  W.  Mumford,  Teacher  of  Drawing  and 
Writing. 

D.  P.  Alden,  Teacher  of  Music. 

The  course  of  study  was  decidedly  element- 
ary and  demanded  but  two  years  for  its  com- 
pletion.    Meagre  as  was  the  curriculum  as 


,iRLS'  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 
Sergeant  Street,  above  Ninth . 


compared  with  that  of  similar  schools  to-day, 
it  was  greatly  in  advance  of  other  schools  for 
girls  of  that  period. 

SERGEANT  STREET  BUILDING 
ERECTED. 

The  new  school  was  a  great  popular  success 
and  the  old  Model  School  building  was  soon 
filled  to  its  utmost  capacity.  To  meet  the 
increased  demand  for  higher  education,  the 
Board  of  Control  erected,  in  1853,  on  Ser- 
geant street  between  Ninth  and  Tenth  streets. 
a  large  building  which  it  was  expected  would 


efforts  of  Principal  Wright,  who  devoted  him- 
self unreservedly  to  the  interests  of  the  school, 
the  opposition  never  obtained  sufficient 
strength  to  obstruct  its  progress.  The 
labor  of  carrying  on  the  school,  and 
of  adjusting  it  to  meet  public  needs  and 
the  popular  conception  of  such  a  school,  finally 
proved  too  exhausting,  and  Dr.  Wright  was 
obliged  to  resign  in  September,  1856.  He 
died  a  few  years  later.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Philip  A.  Cregar,  who  w^as  elected  on  Jan- 
uary 13,  1857.  Miss  Mary  E.  Houpt  was 
Acting  Principal  between  the  time  of  Dr. 
Wright's  resignation  and  Mr.  Cregar's  ap- 
pointment. 


PHILIP  A.  CREGAR. 

be  equal  to  the  demands  of  many  years  to 
come.  The  school  was  transferred  to  the  new 
building  in  1854,  together  with  the  Model 
School,  which  w^as  subsequently  organized  as 
a  School  of  Practice. 

CREGAR  ELECTED  PRINCIPAL. 

It  was  not  to  be  expected  that  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Normal  School  would  meet 
with  no  opposition.  As  in  the  case  of  the 
Central  High  School,  there  were  many  com- 
plaints that  it  was  a  needless  and  expensive 
addition  to  the  school  system,  not  warranted 
by  any  general  demand.     Mainly  through  the 


CHANGED  TO  A  GIRLS'  HIGH 
SCHOOL. 

In  September,  1859,  occurred  one  of  the 
most  curious  events  in  the  long  history  of  the 
school.  It  was  the  formal  abolition  of  the 
School  of  Practice,  and  the  change  of  the  name 
of  the  Normal  School  to  that  of  Girls'  High 
School.  The  Board  ordered  these  changes  in 
June,  and  at  the  same  time  prescribed  a  course 
of  study  extending  over  three  years,  and 
including  the  Latin  language.  The  cir- 
cumstances which  brought  about  these 
changes  grew  out  of  the  fact  that  the  Model 
or  Practice  School  had  for  some  time  been  the 
object  of  the  jealous  attacks  of  Principals  of 
girls'  grammar  schools,  which  were  in  com- 
petition with  the  Model  School  at  the  semi- 
annual exammations  for  promotion  to  the 
Normal  School.  The  Model  School  pupils 
were  so  uniformly  successful  at  these  semi- 
annual tests  that  the  school  soon  threatened 
to  outrank  other  schools  of  its  grade  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  city.  The  Principals  of  these 
schools  "attributed  the  success  of  the  Model 
School  to  extraneous  advantages,  of  which 
they  complained  in  a  formal  remonstrance, 
and  asked  leave  to  have  its  grade  reduced,  so 
as  to  remove  it  from  the  arena  of  competi- 
tion." 


AGAIN  A  NORMAL  SCHOOL. 

Although  the  Normal  School  ceased  to 
exist  in  name,  the  Girls'  High  School,  as  a 
matter  of  fact,  still  prepared  teachers  for  the 
schools.  This  end  was  secured  by  permitting 
those  who  signified  an  intention  to  become 
teachers,  to  teach  during  the  last  two  years  of 
their  course.  The  Sectional  Boards  were 
asked  to  name  certain  of  the  schools  under 
their  control  which  they  were  willing  to  have 
used  as  Practice  Schools.  As  this  invitation 
was  ignored  by  the  Sectional  Boards,  the 
graduates  of  the  High  School  were  thus  de- 
prived of  all  opportunity  to  obtain  practice  in 
teaching,  except  such  as  might  be  had  within 
the  walls  of  the  High  School  itself. 


GEORGE  W.  FETTER. 

A  year's  experience  with  this  unsatisfactory 
change  convinced  the  Board  of  its  error,  and 
the  special  characteristics  of  the  old  Normal 
School  were  restored.  The  Senior  class  be- 
came, in  effect,  a  post-graduate  class,  whose 
members  taught  in  the  "preparatory"  or  prac- 
tice school.  With  the  re-establishment  of  the 
Normal  class,  the  school  was  re-named,  its 
new  title  being  "The  Girls'  High  and  Normal 
School."  This  name  was  retained  until  1868, 
when  the  word  "high"  was  stricken  from  the 
title,  leaving  it  simply  "The  Girls'  Normal 
School." 


MR.  FETTER  ELECTED 
PRINCIPAL. 

In  1865  George  W.  Fetter  became 
Principal  of  the  school.  He  was  a  successful 
grammar  master  of  experience  and  a  gentle- 
man of  exceptional  tact  and  abihty.  Mr. 
Fetter  was  born  in  Montgomery  County,  Pa., 
January  22,  1827.  He  was  educated  in  the 
Philadelphia  public  schools,  and  at  the  age  of 
nineteen  began  to  teach,  continuing  as  a 
teacher  in  grammar  and  other  schools  in  Phil- 
adelphia until  his  election  as  Principal  of  the 
Girls'  High  School. 

NEW  BUILDING  ERECTED. 

Under  his  skillful  management  the  school 
rapidly  grew  in  distinction  and  popularity. 
The  number  of  pupils  annually  increased,  and 
the  demand  for  additional  facilities  and  a 
greatly  enlarged  scope  of  work  became  im- 
perative. A  lot  of  ground  was  purchased, 
therefore,  at  Seventeenth  and  Spring  Garden 
streets,  and  upon  it  was  erected  a  magnificent 
school  building,  complete  in  all  its  appoint- 
ments, the  model  school  building  of  its  day. 
The  school  was  removed  to  this  structure  in 
November,  1876,  the  building  having  been 
dedicated  with  imposing  ceremonies  on  Oc- 
tober 30th  of  that  year. 

With  the  change  of  location  came  also 
marked  changes  in  the  curriculum  of  the 
school.  This  was  increased  to  cover  a  period 
of  four  years,  the  last  year  being  devoted 
largely  to  professional  work  and  to  practice 
in  the  practice  school.  Although,  judged  by 
the  standards  of  to-day,  the  course  of  study 
was  lacking  in  many  professional  branches, 
yet  it  was  far  in  advance  of  other  schools  of  its 
kind.  Its  course  in  psychology  and  theory 
of  teaching  was  an  extended  one  for  that  time 
and,  in  the  field  of  English,  it  was  far  superior 
to  others.  The  practice  in  teaching  was 
thorough  and  valuable,  and  the  effect  of  the 
work  of  the  new  school  was  soon  felt  in  the 
elementary  schools,  to  which  it  sent  large 
numbers  of  teachers  better  qualified  for  their 


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profession  than  ever  before  in  the  history  of 
the  school  system.  Too  miicli  praise  cannot 
he  given  to  Principal  Fetter  fcr  his  admirable 
administration  of  the  school. 

RAPID  DEVELOPMENT. 

So  successful  was  the  Normal  School  that 
in  little  more  than  a  decade  it  was  found  in- 
adequate to  the  demands  made  upon  it.  So 
overcrowded  did  it  become  as  to  threaten 
seriously  to  impair  the  efficiency  of  the  work. 
From  a  school  of  nine  hundred  and  one  in 
1876,  it  had  grown,  by  1890,  to  a  school  of 
over  twice  that  number.  From  a  graduating 
class  of  less  than  one  hundred  in  1876,  it  had 
a  graduating  class  of  over  three  hundred  in 
1892.  Hampered  by  overcrowded  class- 
rooms and  overworked  teachers,  only  the 
superior  management  of  Principal  Fetter 
saved  the  school  from  serious  failure. 

NEW  NORMAL  SCHOOL 
OPENED. 

It  was  clearly  recognized  by  the  Board  of 
Public  Education  that  something  should  be 
done  to  provide  additional  facilities  for  the 
school.  It  was  finally  determined  to  remove 
the  professional  features  entirely  from  the 
academic  work  and  to  establish  in  separate 
buildings  a  Girls'  High  School  and  a  Normal 
School.  A  lot  was  secured  at  Thirteenth  and 
Spring  Garden  streets,  and  upon  this  was 
erected  a  fine  granite  building,  which  was 
completed  in  1893.  The  building  was  dedi- 
cated on  October  30th,  just  seventeen  years 
after  the  date  of  dedication  of  the  school  at 
Seventeenth  and  Spring  Garden  streets.  It 
was  decided  to  place  the  Normal  School  and 
the  Practice  School  in  this  building,  and  on 
November  i,  1893,  the  school  was  opened, 
with  George  H.  Cliff  as  Principal.  Mr.  Cliff 
was  formerly  Principal  of  the  Camac  Gram- 
mar School,  and,  later.  Professor  of  English 
Composition,  Rhetoric  and  Logic  at  the  Cen- 
tral High  School,  and  Professor  of  Methods 
in  the  School  of  Pedagogy. 


The  work  of  the  new  Normal  School  was 
cast  on  purely  professional  lines.  The  aca- 
demic studies,  which  had  been  so  conspicuous 
and  important  a  feature  of  the  old  school, 
were  confined  to  the  Girls'  High  School, 
whose  graduates  have  since  been  and  are  now 
the  source  of  supply  of  the  Normal  School. 
The  gain  to  the  community  by  this  arrange- 
ment is  incalculable.  It  is  equivalent  to 
establishing  for  the  profession  of  teaching  as 
strictly  a  professional  school  as  is  a  medical 
or  law  school.  In  the  course  of  time,  when 
the  graduates  of  the  school  are  well  distri- 
buted in  the  schools,  the  full  influence  of  this 
important  educational  advance  will  be  felt  in 
the  communit3\ 

A  GRADUAL  ADVANCE. 

Fully  to  appreciate  the  great  advance  made 
by  the  establishment  of  the  new  Normal 
School,  it  will  be  only  necessary  to  compare 
the  courses  of  study  at  different  periods  of  its 
history.  As  has  been  seen,  the  curriculum 
at  the  beginning  (1848)  embraced  only  the 
studies  but  little  beyond  the  elementary 
school,  mathematics,  grammar,  history,  read- 
ing, writing,  drawing  and  music.  Profes- 
sional training  was  secured  through  actual  ex- 
perience in  teaching  and  the  more  or  less  sys- 
tematic assistance  of  the  experienced  teachers 
of  the  school.  Later,  the  last  year  of  the 
course  was  mainly  given  over  to  this  practice, 
while  the  theory  was  propounded  by  the  head 
of  the  practice  department.  In  1876,  when 
the  school  occupied  the  building  at  Seven- 
teenth and  Spring  Garden  streets,  the  course 
in  the  final  year  had  psychology  strongly  en- 
trenched, and  the  theory  of  teaching  occupied 
a  conspicuous  place  among  the  branches  of 
study.  Emphasis  was  still  laid  upon  prac- 
tice, however,  and  the  School  of  Practice  was 
themain  reliance  fordeterminingtheeducation 
of  the  teachers.  Side  by  side  with  this  purely 
professional  work  were  geology,  logic,  arith- 
metic, composition  and  rhetoric,  elocution, 
natural  philosophy,  astronomy,  trigonometry, 


academic  studies,  which  took  up  the  greater 
part  of  the  time.  Soon,  however,  history  of 
education  made  its  appearance  in  the  cuni- 
culum,  then  methods  of  teaching-  the  element- 
ary studies,  and  then  the  kindergarten  phi- 
losophy. In  the  meantime,  psychology  was 
given  more  attention  and  school  management 
was  dealt  with  theoretically  as  well  as  practi- 
cally. Thus,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
academic  studies  were  taken  up  in  the  last 
year  of  the  course,  the  purely  professional 
studies  were  fovnid  coming  to  the  fore  and 
driving  the  others  back  to  the  first  years  of 
the  course.  It  only  needed  the  separation  of 
the  professional  course  from  the  academic  to 
make  the  divorce  between  the  two  complete 
in  name  as  it  had  been  virtually  in  fact. 

PRESENT  COURSE  OF  STUDY. 

The  course  of  study  in  the  new  school  em- 
braces in  the  first  year,  educational  psychol- 
ogy; methods  of  teaching  the  elements  of 
knowledge,  (a)  language,  (b)  number  and 
form,  (c)  natural  objects,  (d)  facts  in  human 
life,  etc.;  school  economy,  methods  of  teach- 
ing botany,  zoology,  arithmetic,  reading, 
music,  modeling  and  drawing,  sewing,  gym- 
nastics and  physical  culture,  philosophy  of  the 
kindergarten  and  woodworking.  During  the 
second  year,  the  course  is  as  follows:  Phi- 
losophy of  education,  history  of  education; 
methods  of  teaching  physics  and  chemistry, 
language  and  literature,  history;  observation 
and  practice  of  teaching  in  practice  school, 
educational  reading,  with  discussions;  educa- 
tional investigations. 

A  SPLENDID  BUILDING. 

From  this  brief  outline  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  school  has  a  course  of  study,  which,  for 
breadth  and  thoroughness,  has  no  superior. 
Nor  are  the  facilities  for  its  carrying  out  less 
comprehensive  and  complete  than  the  course 
itself.  The  Normal  School  building  is  finely 
adapted  to  its  special  purpose.  It  is  mas- 
sively constructed  of  granite  with  courses  of 


Indiana  sandstone,  the  effect  being  strikingly 
handsome.     It   is  four  stories  high,   and  its 
dimensions  are  178  by  150  feet.      It  contains 
a  magnificent  assembly  room  capable  of  seat- 
ing nearly  1,400  persons;  a  handsome  chapel 
or  lecture  room  that  will  seat  over  450  per- 
sons; a  large  gymnasium,  88  by  56  feet;  two 
physical   laboratories,    two    chemical    labora- 
tories, a  natural  history  laboratory  and  a  large 
lil^rary  room,  all  fitted  up  in  the  most  ap- 
proved style.     There  are  also  eighteen  class 
rooms  for  Normal  students,  and  sixteen  class 
rooms  for  the  practice  school  and  kindergar- 
ten; a  lunch  room  in  the  basement  for  stu- 
dents, and  another  in  one  of  the  upper  stories 
for    teachers.     On    each    fioor    are    dressing 
rooms  for  teachers,  and  the  general  accommo- 
dations for  students  are  complete  and  con- 
venient.    In  the  basement,  which  is  higli  and 
well  lighted,  there  is  a  large  room  fitted  up  as 
a  manual  shop,  also  one  for  a  modeling  room 
for  the  school  of  observation,  and  another  for 
a  play  room  for  pupils  of  this  Model  School, 
Besides    an    excellent    general    equipment, 
each  department  has  elaborated  in  a  special 
way.     Thus   the  department   of  botany   and 
zoology  is  superbly  fitted  with  tables  for  actual 
experimental  work  and  investigation,  while 
the  rooms  and  corridors  are  lined  with  cases 
filled  with  illustrative  material.    Each  student 
is  provided  with  a  high  and  low-power  micro- 
scope   and    a    dissecting    microscooe.     Not 
less  complete  are  the  laboratories  of  physics 
and  chemistry,   which  occupy  two  suites  of 
rooms  on  the  third  floor.    In  the  department 
of  methods  are  maps,  books  and  other  appli- 
ances, and  the  department  of  psycho!oc>y  is 
also  provided  with  illustrative  material  as  well 
as  experimental  devices.     The  woodworking 
department,    too,    is    completely    equipped, 
while  the  department  of  kindergarten  philos- 
ophy is  abundantly  supplied  with  material  for 
its  use.     Neither  time  nor  thought  has  been 
spared  by  the  army  of  devoted  teachers  and 
the  energetic  committee  to  make  the  organ- 
ization of  the  school  entirely  efficient  for  its 
purpose. 


162 


163 


A  BRIEF  SUMMING  UP. 

In  his  annual  report  for  1893  Superintend- 
ent Brooks  summed  up  the  growth  and  work 
of  the  school  as  follows: — 

"The  school  opened  February  i,  1848,  with 
106  pupils  and  7  teachers,  including  the  Prin- 
cipal. In  1865  it  contained  270  pupils  and  10 
teachers.  Since  that  time  the  most  remark- 
able increase  in  numbers  has  been  made  that 
can  be  found  in  the  history  of  any  normal 
school  in  the  country,  Avith  the  possible  ex- 
ception of  the  one  in  New  York.  In  1893  it 
contained  1,775  pupils,  with  52  teachers. 
Since  its  establishment,  6,140  pupils  have 
graduated.  The  whole  number  of  pupils  who 
have  attended  is  12,710,  and  of  that  number 
nearly  5,000  have  been  engaged  in  teaching 
in  the  public  schools  of  the  city.  At  the  pres- 
ent time  over  2.400  of  the  teachers  in  Phihi- 
delphia  are  graduates  of  the  school,  includint^ 
a  large  majority  of  the  women  Principals  of 
the  city." 

Since  the  above  paragraph  was  written 
there  have  been  graduated  from  the  new 
school  629  students,  and  of  these  about  one- 
half  have  already  received  appointments  in  the 
elementary  schools.  The  number  in  attend- 
ance in  the  normal  department  is  about  700 
and  in  the  practice  department  about  450. 
The  faculty  at  present  numbers  47  teachers, 
including  the  Principals  of  the  normal  and 
practice  departments  and  their  assistants. 
Already  the  building  is  over-crowded  and 
means  must  be  provided  in  the  near  future  for 
its  extension  or  its  efficiency  will  be  seriously 
impaired. 


NEW  GIRLS'  HIGH  SCHOOL. 

AMth  the  opening  of  the  new  Normal 
School,  in  1893,  a  new  curriculum  was  for- 
mulated by  Superintendent  Brooks  and 
adopted  by  the  Board  of  Public  Education  for 
the  Girls'  High  School.  It  embraces  three 
distinct  courses,  a  general  course,  a  classical 
course  and  a  commercial  or  business  course. 


Each  course  extended  over  a  period  of  three 
years. 

MR.  FETTER'S  RESIGNATION. 

In  June,  1894,  the  school  sustained  a  great 
loss  in  the  resignation  of  the  Principal, 
George  W.  Fetter,  who  for  nearly  thirtv  years 
had  administered  the  affairs  of  the  school 
wisely  and  well.  In  his  resignation  the  pub- 
lic school  system  of  Philadelphia  sustained  no 
ordinary  loss.  Men  such  as  he  are  few,  ard 
he  left  the  service  with  the  respect  and  est3em 
not  only  of  the  thousandsof  youngwomenwho 
had  passed  through  the  school  during  his  ad- 
ministration, but  of  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation and  all  with  whom  he  had  been  associ 
ated  in  school  work. 


DR.  WIGHT  ELECTED  PRINCIPAL. 

Mr.  Fetter's  successor  is  Dr.  John  G. 
Wight,  an  educator  of  high  reputation,  who 
was  elected  Principal  in  the  summer  of  i8gzj, 
and  has  since  conducted  the  school  with 
marked  success. 


DR.   WIGHT'S  ADMINISTRATION. 

A  literal  system  of  marking  class  recitations 
and  test  examinations  was  adopted  in  1894. 
During  the  same  year  the  classical  course  was 
modified  to  maks  it  more  distinctively  a  col- 
lege preparatory  course,  and  the  business 
course  was  slightly  altered  to  make  it  meet 
the  requirements  of  a  strictly  business  educa- 
tion. 

In  1895  the  previous  crowded  condition  of 
the  school  and  of  class  sections  was  very 
considerably  relieved  by  the  establishment  of  a 
branch  school  for  the  business  department  in 
the  Odd  Fellows'  Building,  at  the  southeast 
corner  of  Broad  and  Spring  Garden  streets. 
This  annex  is  in  charge  of  Miss  Emily  L.  Gra- 
ham, who  is  the  head  of  the  business  depart- 
ment. 


165 


To  facilitate  the  working  of  the  school  the 
teaching  force  was  organized  into  depart- 
ments, in  1895,  and  a  teacher  was  designated 
as  the  head  of  each. 

In  1896,  the  general  course  was  extended 
from  three  to  four  years,  and  the  title  of  l)usi- 
ness  course  was  changed  to  commercial 
course. 

It  is  believed  that  within  a  year  or  two  it 
will  be  absolutely  necessary  to  erect  an  ad- 
ditional building  for  the  Girls'  High  School. 
In  such  an  event  the  edifice  will  probably  be 
located  in  another  section  of  the  city  for  the 
convenience  of  the  pupils. 

FACULTY  OF  THE  NORMAL 
SCHOOL. 

The  faculty  of  the  Philadelphia  Normal 
School  for  Girls  is  constituted  as  follows: — 

George  Howard  Cliff,  A.  M.,  Principal,  and 
Professor  of  the  Philosophy  of  Education. 

Margaret  S.  Prichard,  Teacher  of  Psychol- 
ogy. 

Sydney  T.  Skidmore,  A.  M.,  Professor  of 
Physics  and  Chemistry. 

Grace  E.  Spiegle,  Teacher  of  Physical 
Training. 

Mary  A.  Campbell,  Teacher  of  Drawing. 

Mary  E.  Dwier,  Critic  Teacher. 

Pauline  W.  Spencer,  Teacher  of  Literature 
and  History  of  Education. 

x\nna  W.  Williams,  Teacher  of  Kindergar- 
ten Philosophy. 

Sophia  W.  Burmester,  Teacher  of  Methods. 

Elizabeth  S.  Tait,  Teacher  of  Methods. 

Anna  W.  Cheston,  Teacher  of  Music. 

Helen  Baldwin,  Teacher  of  Reading. 

Fannie  Patton,  Teacher  of  Sewing. 

Lucy  L.  W.  Wilson,  Teacher  of  Biology. 

Elizabeth  N.  Woolman,  Assistant,  Depart- 
ment of  Physics  and  Chemistry. 

Adeline  F.  Schively,  Assistant,  Department 
of  Biology. 

M.  Louise  Nichols,  Assistant,  Department 
of  Biology. 

R.  Winifred  Blake,  Assistant,  Department 
of  Physical  Training. 


Mary  P.  Harmon,  Teacher  of  Psychology. 

Lucy  C.  Gendell,  Assistant.  Department  of 
Biology. 

Bertha  L.  Bartlett,  Assistant,  Department 
of  Physical  Training.  ¥ 

Elizabeth  P.  Tawresey,  Assistant,  Depart- 
ment of  Drawing. 

Linda  M.  Whitaker,  Assistant.  Department 
of  Physics  and  Chemistry. 

Mary  C.  Peacock,  Assistant,  Department 
of  Physics  and  Chemistry. 

Anne  L.  Turner,  Assistant,  Department  of 
Physics  and  Chemistry. 

Caroline  L.  Pratt.  Teacher  of  Woodwork- 
ing. 

Alice  H.  Beckler,  Assistant,  Department  cf 
Biology. 

C.  Geraldine  O'Grady,  Teacher  of  Kinder- 
garten Philosophy. 

A.  H.  Hall,  Principal  of  the  School  of  Ob- 
servation and  Practice. 

Maria  P.  Ryan,  Assistant,  School  of  Obser- 
vation. 

Lily  Lamborn,  Assistant,  School  of  Obser- 
vation. 

Margaret  M.  Perkins,  Assistant,  School  of 
Observation  . 

Annie  C.  Eaton,  Assistant,  School  of  Ob- 
servation. 

Emma  C.  Harte,  Assistant,  School  of  Ob- 
servation. 

Katharine  R.  Thompson,  Assistant,  School 
of  Observation. 

Edith  A.  Turner,  Assistant,  School  of  Ob- 
servation. 

Harriet  L.  Smith,  Assistant,  School  of  Ob- 
servation. 

Margaret  J.  McCoy,  Assistant,  School  of 
Observation. 

Hannah  M.  Crowell,  Assistant,  School  of 
Observation. 

Lizette  J.  Morgan,  Assistant,  School  of  Ob- 
servation. 

Anna  R.  Gilchrist,  Assistant,  Kindergarten. 

Rebecca  VanHaagen,  Assistant,  Kinder- 
garten. 


166 


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Helen  Grice,  Assistant,  Kindergarten. 

Elizabeth  O'Neill,  Assistant,  Kindergarten. 

Grace  White,  Assistant.  Kindergarten. 

Mary  P.  Farr,  Assistant,  Department  of 
Literature. 

Alouise  C.  Longstreth,  Assistant  to  the 
Principal  of  the  School  of  Observation. 

Viola  Howard,  Assistant  to  the  Principal  of 
the  Normal  School. 

FACULTY  OF  THE  HIGH 
SCHOOL. 

The  faculty  of  the  Girls'  High  School  is 
constituted  as  follows: — 

John  G.  Wight,  Principal  and  Instructor  in 
Latin. 

Katharine  A.  Hoffman,  Principal's  Assist- 
ant. 

Emma  V.  McLoughlin,  Teacher  of  History 
and  English. 

Sarah  A.  Edwards,  Teacher  of  English  and 
Physical  Geography. 

J^Iary  A.  Kereven,  Teacher  of  English. 

Louise  H.  Haeseler,  Teacher  of  History. 

Clara  J.  Hendley,  Teacher  of  Mathematics. 

Sophia  Maffitt,  Teacher  of  Sewing. 

Amelia  C.  Wight,  Teacher  of  Mathematics. 

Louisiana  T.  Scott,  Teacher  of  English. 

Louise  Kromer,  Teacher  of  Physiology  and 
Hygiene. 

Margaret  Sproul,  Teacher  of  Mathematics. 

Ada  V.  Hubbs,  Teacher  of  Drawing. 

Elizabeth  H.  DuBois,  Teacher  of  Latin. 

IVIargaret  S.  Roberts,  Teacher  of  English. 

Virginia  Baldwin,  Teacher  of  English. 

Helen  G.  Gushing,  Teacher  of  Cooking. 

Mary  G.  Umsted,  Teacher  of  French  and 
Geometry. 

Emma  H.  Carroll,  Teacher  of  Mathematics. 

Maude  M.  Verner,  Teacher  of  Drawing. 

Mabel  Church,  Teacher  of  Drawing. 

Imogene  C.  Belden,  Teacher  of  Cooking. 

Emma  L.  G.  Thomas,  Teacher  of  English. 

F.  Irene  Steele,  Teacher  of  English. 

M.  Ella  Lyndall,  Teacher  of  Zoology. 

Mary  N.  Weatherly,  Teacher  of  History. 

John  H.  Humphries,  Teacher  of  Latin. 


Mary  C.  Geisler,  Teacher  of  Mathematics. 

Jessie  Dalrymple,  Teacher  of  Elocution. 

Evaline  Young,  Teacher  of  Physical  Exer- 
cises. 

Miriam  Kuhn,  Teacher  of  Physical  Ex- 
ercises. 

Eva  Dilks,  Teacher  of  Latin. 

Elizabeth  W.  Massinger,  Teacher  of  His- 
tory. 

Clara  Seidensticker,  Teacher  of  German. 

Ida  A.  Keller,  Teacher  of  Chemistry. 

Blanche  Baldwin,  Teacher  of  American 
History. 

Emma  L.  Newitt,  Teacher  of  English. 

Georgina  H.  Carruthers,  Teacher  of  Chem- 
istry. 

Anna  M.  Breadin,  Teacher  of  Mathematics. 

Mary  S.  Berry,  Teacher  of  Physics. 

Mary  D.  Griffith,  Teacher  of  Physics. 

Caroline  Gaston,  Teacher  of  Latin. 

Lucy  Lewis,  Teacher  of  Chemistry. 

Sally  H.  Delano,  Teacher  of  Latin. 

Dency  M.  Barker,  Teacher  of  Physics. 

Carolyn  Grambo,  Teacher  of  Botany. 

Catharine  Suydam,  Teacher  of  History. 

Gertrude  Manship,  Teacher  of  English. 

Clementine  Dalcour,  Teacher  of  French. 

Emily  L.  Bull,  Teacher  of  Latin. 

Beulah  W.  Darlington,  Teacher  of  Latin. 

Frances  Palen,  Teacher  of  Latin. 

Sarah  H.  Grof¥,  Teacher  of  Latin. 

Lois  M.  Otis,  Teacher  of  Botany. 

Anna  W.  Cheston,  Teacher  of  Music. 

Emily  L.  Graham,  Assistant  to  Principal. 

C.  Josephine  Foulke,  Teacher  of  English. 

Mary  S.  Holmes,  Teacher  of  Physics,  Phys- 
ical and  Commercial  Geography. 

Agnes  H.  Long,  Teacher  of  Commercial 
Arithmetic. 

Eda  May  Peirce,  Teacher  of  Business 
Methods  and  Commercial  Arithmetic. 

Lena  Klein,  Teacher  of  Stenography  and 
Typewriting. 

Mary  V.  Shea,  Teacher  of  Commercial 
Arithmetic. 

Mildred  B.  Lament,  Teacher  of  Stenos:- 
raphy  and  Typewriting. 


Henrietta  C.  Leypoldt,  Teacher  of  German. 

Emma  J.  Longstreth,  Teacher  of  History 
and  Book-keeping. 

Ella  C.  Hilton,  Teacher  of  Business  Meth- 
ods. 

Franklin  N.  Close,  Teacher  of  Stenography. 

Elizabeth  B.  Janney,  Teacher  of  French. 

Elizabeth  Lodor,  Teacher  of  English  and 
American  History. 

Lucille  Andrews,  Teacher  of  Stenography 
and  Typewriting. 

Mary  Harshberger,  Teacher  of  Physiology 
and  Commercial  Arithmetic. 

Marie  A.  Depue,  Teacher  of  Elocution  and 
Algebra. 

Mary  B.  McMullan,  Teacher  of  Latin  and 
French. 

Bertha  C.  Yocum,  Teacher  of  Zoology. 

Emilie  Beaudoux,  Teacher  of  French. 

Ada  B.  Curtis,  Teacher  of  Mathematics. 

Anna  O.  Goepp,  Teacher  of  German. 

Emilie  R.  Patton,  Teacher  of  Commercial 
Arithmetic  and  Penmanship. 

Avarene  L.  Budd,  Teacher  of  English  and 
Business  Forms. 

FORMER  TEACHERS  OF  THE  HIGH 
AND  NORMAL  SCHOOLS. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  teachers  of  the 
Girls'  High  and  Normal  Schools  since  1848, 
barring  those  of  the  present  faculties: — 

A.  T.  W.  Wright,  1848-55. 

Elizabeth  Jackson,  1848-49. 

Emma  L.  Field,   1848-49. 

Mary  E.  Houpt,  1848-66. 

Mary  E.  Brown,  1848-55. 

E.  W.  Mumford,  1848-52. 

D.  P.  Alden,  1848-49. 

Anna  Vanarsdalen,  1849-50. 

Mary  E.  Tazewell,  1849-61. 

George  Ringsley,  1849-52. 

Renee  N.  Townsend,  1851-66. 

Martha  H.  Rogers,  1851-62. 

W.  M.  Fenney,  1852-54. 

John  Bower,  1854-56. 

Mary  M.  Spackman,  1855-57. 

Philip  A.  Cregar,  1856-64. 


Thomas  Bishop,  1856-59. 

Matilda  C.  Barns,  1857-84. 

Marian  Ash,  1859-66. 

Anna  B.  Duff,  1859-69. 

Josephine  Johnson,  1859-65. 

Henrietta  Thomas,  1859-66. 

Mary  H.  Henderson,  1859-64. 

Caroline  Price,  1861-63. 

Mary  F.  Ely,  1862-67. 

Mary  E.  Durnett,  1863-66. 

George  W.  Fetter,  Principal,  1864-94. 

Cornelius  Everest,  1864-85. 

Mary  E.  Tazewell,  1865-66. 

Lavinia  Whittaker,  1866-70. 

Sarah  A.  Walker,  1866-72. 

Ella  Buzby,  1866-67. 

Sarah  W.  Smith,  1866-84. 

Mary  C.  Dickes,  1866-75. 

Gertrude  Murdoch,  1866-68. 

Elizabeth  W.  Dickson,  1867-80. 

Lydia  F.  Hamor,  1867-72. 

Emma  E.  Geiselman,  1868-71. 

Lelia  E.  Patridge,  1868-74. 

Rebecca  R.  Bennett,  1869-73. 

Margaret  S.  Rodney,  1870-75. 

Eliza  C.  Bower,  1871-78. 

Elizabeth  A.  Brown,  1872-78. 

Mary  Fisher,  1872-90. 

Anna  M.  Fullerton,  1873-80. 

Clara  R.  PhilHps,  1874-77. 

M.  Maria  Underwood,  1874-80. 

Susan  R.  Mitchell,  1876-77. 

Elizabeth  Dornan,  1876-82. 

Abbie  A.  Hinkle,  1876-77. 

Emily  J.  Walters,  1876-78. 

Mary  McCurdy,  1876-80. 

Francis  D.  Moore,  1876-80. 

Eleanor  Worthington,  1876-79. 

Elizabeth  P.  Watson,  1876-79. 

Kate  S.  Hershey,  1877-83. 

Ida  E.  Lever,  1877-86. 

Lillie  W\  Hemphill,  1877-80. 

Lydia  F.  Hamor,  1877-88. 

Anna  C.Walsh,  1878-83. 

Caroline  W.  Greenbank,  1878-82. 

Jane  C.  Wylie,  1878-86. 

Clara  A.  Burr,  1879-82. 


170 


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Emma  T.  Mann.  1880-83. 
Emily  S.  Dinnin,  1880-85. 
H.  Kate  Murdoch,  1880-85. 
Lydia  A.  Kirby,  1882-83. 
Elizabeth  H.  Greenbank,  1882-86. 
Mary  Wright,  1883-90. 
Elizabeth  V.  Blodget,  1883-84. 
Hannah  M.  Cheyney,  1885-89. 
Marcia  Wilson,  1885-90. 
Ella  Buckman,  1886-88. 
Caroline  E.  Spencer,  1886-88. 
Helen  M.  Spring.  1887-91. 
Mary  E.  Driver,  1888-93. 
Blanche  T.  Peirce,  1888-90. 
Margaret  J.  McVeagh,  1888-90. 


Helen  A.  Wilder,  1888-92. 
Sarah  A.  Stewart,  1888-89. 
Isabella  M.  Wilbur,  1889-95. 
Leah  W.  Steer,  1889-90. 
Clara  P.  Peeler,  1890-95. 
Emily  Paige,  1890-91. 
Gratia  Cobb,  1891-92. 
C.  Stockton  Gaunt,  M.  D.,  1893-94. 
Eniilie  Klaisi,  1893-96. 
*]\Iary  E.  LaForge,  1893-94. 
'•'Elizabeth  McCandless,  1893-94. 
*Mary  E.  Mumford,  1893-95. 
*Anna  E.  Collins,  1894-95. 


*  Teachers  in   the   new   Normal   School,  Thirteenth   and 
Spring  Garden  streets. 


GEORGE  H.  CLIFF. 


George  H.  Cliff,  Principal  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Normal  School  for  Girls,  was  born  at 
Tobyhanna,  Pa.,  May  3,  1859.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  of  Philadelphia  and 
was  graduated  from  the  Central  High  School 
with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class,  in  June, 
1878.  He  began  the  study  of  law,  but  in 
order  to  secure  the  funds  necessary  for  the 
further  prosecution  of  his  studies,  he  took  up 
teaching  as  a  temporary  expedient. 

Mis  first  school  was  at  Wallineford,  Pa.  A 
term's  work  demonstrated  his  ability  as  a 
teacher,  the  WalHngford  school  in  Mr.  Cliff's 
brief  period  of  service  achieving  more  than  a 
local  reputation.  Mr.  Cliff  was  appointed 
Principal  of  the  Camac  Grammar  School  in 
1 88 1,  the  Board  of  Public  Education  suspend- 
ing its  rules  to  confirm  his  election,  he  lacking 
the  prescribed  three  years'  experience  for  such 
a  position. 

In  1884  Mr.  Cliff  was  promoted  to  the  Cen- 
tral High  School,  becoming  at  first  the  Pro- 
fessor of  Higher  Arithmetic  and  Mensuration 
and  subsequently  filling  the  chair  of  Rhetoric 
and  Logic.  In  1890  when  the  School  of  Peda- 
gogy was  organized  he  was  selected  to  take 
charge  of  the  department  of  methods.  In 
May,  1893,  he  was  unanimously  elected  by 
the  Committee  on  Normal  School  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  to  the  position  of 


Principal  of  the  Normal  School,  the  present 
building  of  which  was  then  in  course  of  erec- 
tion. 

Mr.  Cliff  did  not  abandon  his  determination 
to  be  a  lawyer  until  some  time  after  his  elec- 
tion to  the  High  School  position,  and  for 
some  time  pursued  his  legal  studies,  although 
he  was  never  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  has  had 
considerable  experience  in  journalistic  work. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  University  Club,  the 
Educational  Club,  the  American  Academy  of 
Political  and  Social  Science,  the  National 
Educational  Association,  the  Teachers'  Insti- 
tute of  Philadelphia,  the  Historical  Society 
of  Pennsylvania,  the  Pennsylvania  Society 
of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  the  Con- 
temporary Club  and  the  Geographical 
Club. 

The  Normal  School,  under  Mr.  Cliff's  man- 
agement, has  achieved  exceptional  success, 
and  has  already  sprung  to  the  front  rank  of 
normal  schools  in  thiscountry,  being  without  a 
rival  in  many  points  of  equipment  and  method. 
The  school's  success  is  due  not  only  to 
the  fact  that  Mr.  Cliff  is  an  energetic  organ- 
izer and  that  the  times  were  propitious  for  a 
successful  educational  movement  in  Philadel- 
phia, but  also  and  more  especially  to  the 
fact  that  he  has  a  keen,  intuitive  sense  of  what 
is  good  and  worthy  of  his  energies. 


DR.  JOHN  G.  WIGHT. 


Dr.  John  G.  Wight,  Principal  of  the  Girls' 
High  School,  was  born  in  Gilead,  Oxford 
County,  Me.,  March  2,  1842.  At  the  age  of 
twelve  years  he  removed  to  Gorham.  N.  H. 
His  earlier  education  was  received  in  the  com- 
mon schools,  with  a  few  terms  in  private 
schools.  He  was  fitted  for  collegre  at  Gould 
Academy,  Bethel,  Me.,  and  at  the  Maine  State 
Seminary,  now  Bates  College,  Lewiston.  He 
graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in  1864. 

In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  read  law  for  a 
short  time  at  Lancaster,  N.  H.,  and  during 
the  following  year  continued  his  legal  studies 
while  teaching.  In  the  spring  of  1865  he  was 
an  assistant  teacher  in  Bridgeton  Academy, 
North  Bridgeton,  Me.,  and  in  May  of  the  same 
year  was  called  to  a  similar  position  in  Coop- 
erstown  Seminary,  at  Cooperstown,  N.  Y. 

In  the  fall  of  1867  he  was  recalled  to  Bridge- 
ton  Academy  as  Principal,  and  in  1870  returned 
to  Cooperstown  as  Principal  of  Cooperstown 
Academy  and  Union  School,  a  position  he 
held  for  over  twenty  years.  In  1890  he  was 
elected    Principal    of    the    Worcester    High 


School,  at  that  time  the  large :t  mixed  high 
school  in  New  England.  He  was  chosen 
Principal  of  the  Girls'  High  School  in  1894. 

In  1887  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Philosophy  from  Hamilton  College. 

For  a  period  of  thirty  years,  during  which 
time  Dr.  Wight  has  been  Principal  of  a 
secondary  school,*  his  professional  duties 
have  been  essentially  executive  and  supervis- 
ory. During  nearly  all  this  time,  however, 
some  actual  class-room  instruction  has  been 
given  by  him  daily,  his  favorite  branches  being 
Latin  and  mathematics. 

Decidedly  literary  in  his  tastes,  Dr.  Wight 
has  always  been  a  student  and  passionately 
fond  of  reading,  especially  of  reading  books 
that  are  but  little  read.  He  has  been  a  more 
than  ordinarily  close  student  of  Shakespeare. 
His  literary  work,  while  not  extensive,  has 
found  acceptance  in  educational  and  other 
periodicals,  and  includes  papers  read  before 

*The  term  "secondary  school,"  in  this  sketch,  is  not 
used  in  the  local  sense,  as  it  invariably  is  elsewhere  in  the 
book,  but  in  its  broader  meaning.  It  here  indicates  an 
academy  or  high  school. 


■educational   bodies   and   several    lectures   on 
literary  and  biographical  themes. 

Dr.  Wight  is  an  active  member  of  various 
educational  organizations,  among  them  the 
Head  Masters'  Association,  composed  of  the 
Principals  of  about  sixty  secondary  schools, 
chiefly  in  the  Eastern  and  Middle  States, 
whose  annual  meetings  are  held  successively 
in  Boston,  New  York  and  Philadelphia.  In 
1882  Dr.  Wight  was  secretary  and  treasurer 
of  the  Inter- Academic  Literary  Union  of  New 
York  State,  a  society  representing  over 
three  hundred  secondary  schools  of  that 
State,  and  the  succeeding  year  he  was  its 
president. 


He  belongs  to  the  Masonic  Order  and  to 
the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  having 
served  for  a  year  in  the  navy  during  the  Civil 
War. 

The  following,  relating  to  Dr.  Wight  at  the 
close  of  his  residence  in  New  York  State,  is 
from  ''Reminiscences  of  Cooperstowai,"  by 
Elihu  Phenney,  Esq.:  ''As  a  scholar,  critical, 
polished  and  exact;  as  an  instructor,  well 
equipped  for  his  high  calling  ])y  exceptional 
acuteness  of  intellect,  by  generous  acquaint- 
ance with  belles-lettres,  by  a  justly  discrim- 
inating taste,  by  sound  literary  judgment, 
and,  perhaps  chiefly,  by  a  more  than  German 
diligence." 


176 


The  Manual  Training  Schools 


A  manual  training  school,  the  one  now 
known  as  the  Central  Manual  Training 
School,  was  established  in  1885.  in  a  building 
at  the  corner  of  Seventeenth  and  Wood 
streets.  Its  organization  was  the  result  of 
years  of  agitation  on  the  value  of  industrial 
training  as  a  part  of  the  public  school  sys- 
tem, and  it  has  abundantly  fulfilled  the  high- 
est expectations  of  its  founders. 

As  far  back  as  1875  the  subject  of  the  in- 
troduction of  manual  training  was  brought 
to  the  attention  of  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation by  the  then  President,  M.  Hall  Stan- 
ton, but  the  first  definite  action  looking  to- 
ward the  establishment  of  a  manual  training 
school  was  taken  in  1884.  In  his  annual  re- 
port, presented  at  the  beginning  of  that  year, 
President  Steel  said: — 

"The  interest  with  which  the  subject  of 
manual  training  instruction  is  regarded  by 
the  members  of  the  Board  may  be  said  to  be 
fully  shared  by  the  community,  and  it  cannot 
be  doubted  that  the  time  has  come  for  the 
Board  to  take  the  initiative  step  which  must 
be  made  by  it,  and  submit  to  Councils  an  esti- 
mate of  the  cost  for  such  a  school  as  Phila- 
delphia should  possess." 

After  the  reading  of  the  report,  Isaac  A. 
Sheppard  offered  the  following  resolution, 
which  was  adopted: — 

^'Resolved,  That  that  part  of  the  Presi- 
dent's report  which  refers  to  the  erection  of  a 
High  School  building,  with  adjoining  build- 
ings and  equipments  for  an  industrial  school, 
be  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Property,  to 
make  a  general  estimate  of  the  cost  of  such 
buildings  and  equipments,  for  the  purpose  of 


including  the  amount  in  the  schedule  of  esti- 
mates to  be  furnished  Councils  this  year." 

At  the  meeting  in  April,  1885,  on  motion 
of  Richardson  L.  Wright,  a  Committee  on  the 
Manual  Training  School  was  appointed.  This 
committee  consisted  of  Isaac  A.  Sheppard, 
James  S.  Whitney,  Andrew  M.  Spangler, 
James  Freeborn  and  Edward  Lewis. 


0' 


LIEUTENANT  ROBERT  CRAWFORD. 

OPENING  OF  THE  SCHOOL. 

In  September,  1885,  the  schoolwas  opened, 
with  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  pupils. 
Lieutenant  Robert  Crawford,  of  the  United 
States  Navy,  Superintendent  of  the  mechani- 
cal department  of  the  Spring  Garden  Insti- 
tute, was  chosen  director,  and  William 
L.  Sayre,  Principal  of  the  Vaughan  Gram- 
mar School,  Principal.  Their  titles  w^ere  af- 
terward changed  to  principal  and  vice-princi- 
pal, respectively. 


LIEUTENANT  CRAWFORD'S 
OBSERVATIONS. 

In  1887,  Lieutenant  Crawford  was  ordered 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  into  active 
duty,  and  Mr.  Sayre  was  elected  Principal. 
Much  credit  for  the  auspicious  beginning 
made  bytheschool  is  due  to  Lieutenant  Craw- 
ford. The  conclusions  as  to  the  educational 
value  of  manual  training  reached  by  him  at 
the  end  of  the  first  few  months  of  the  school's 
existence  have  been  shared  by  nearly  all  who 
have  watched  its  progress,  and  who  under- 
stand its  work.  The  result  of  his  observation 
led  him  to  write  of  the  system  as  follows: — 

"First. — That  it  relieves  school  life  of 
much  of  the  tedium  incidental  to  purely  men- 
tal effort;  that  the  alternation  of  hand  with 
head  work  makes  them  mutually  restful  and 
beneficial. 

"Second. — It  gives  the  pupil  a  clearer  con- 
ception of  the  purposes  of  education,  and  of 
what  really  constitutes  it. 

"Third. — It  teaches  habits  of  accuracy,  in- 
dustry and  physical  activity;  dignifies  and 
elevates  labor,  develops  the  creative  and  be- 
gets a  feeling  of  confidence  and  independence 
based  upon  the  conscious  possession  of  use- 
ful, practical  knowledge. 

The  history  of  the  school  has  been  one  of 
steady  progress.  At  the  Paris  Exposition  it 
was  awarded  a  gold  medal  for  having  the  best 
American  exhibit  of  manual  training,  and  at 
the  request  of  the  French  Pedagogic  Mu- 
seum, the  Board  of  Public  Education  donated 
the  exhibit  to  them. 

An  exhibition  of  the  work  of  the  pupils,  in 
June,  1890,  inaugurated  a  custom  which  has 
since  been  observed  annually. 


NORTHEAST  SCHOOL  OPENED. 

The  increasing  number  of  qualified  appli- 
cants for  admission  to  the  Manual  Training 
School  necessitated  the  establishment  of  a 
second  school,  and  the  Northeast  Manual 
Training  School  was  opened,  in  a  building  on 


Howard  street  below  Girard  avenue,  on  Sep- 
tember 17,  1890.  It  was  at  first  under  the 
same  management  and  the  same  principal  as 
the  Central  School,  John  W.  Moyer,  teacher 
of  English  literature,  being  placed  in  charge 
of  the  new  school,  with  the  title  of  Vice-Prin- 
cipal. In  1892  Dr.  C.  Hanford  Henderson,  a 
teacher  in  the  Central  School,  was  elected 
Principal  of  the  Northeast  School. 


COURSE  OF  STUDY  REVISED. 

In  1893  ^  joint  meeting  of  the  committees 
on  the  two  schools  was  held  to  consider  the 
revision  of  the  curriculum,  and  to  formulate 
a  post-graduate   course,   which   would   more 


JOHN  W.  MOYER. 

consistently  continue  the  under-graduate 
work  than  a  course  suggested  the  year  pre- 
vious. As  a  result  of  this  conference,  two 
changes  were  made  in  the  under-graduate 
curriculum,  and  the  post-graduate  course  was 
improved. 

The  Manual  Training  Schools  were  repre- 
sented at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Manual 
Training  Teachers'  Association  (an  organiza- 
tion that  was  an  outcome  of  the  World's  Ed- 
ucational Congress),  which  was  held  in  this 
city  July  17-19,  1894,  when  teachers  of  the 
Philadelphia  Manual  Training  Schools  read 
papers  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  discus- 
sions that  were  held. 


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SCHOOL  BUILDINGS  IMPROVED. 


COURSE  OF  STUDY. 


In  1895  an  annex  to  the  Central  Manual 
Training  School,  containing  four  well-lighted 
rooms,  was  completed,  and  an  annex  built 
in  1886  was  remodeled.  The  same  year  an 
addition  was  built  to  the  Nytheast  School, 
to  take  the  place  of  a  small  south  wing. 

The  curriculum  in  both  schools  was  added 
to  in  1895  ^y  the  introduction  of  French  as 
an  option  with  German,  and  the  extension  of 
both  languages  to  the  first  year. 


MR.  WILLARD'S  ELECTION. 

In  1896  Dr.  C.  Hanford  Henderson  re- 
signed as  Principal  of  the  Northeast  School, 
his  resignation  taking  effect  July  ist.  A  suc- 
cessor was  chosen  in  the  person  of  James 
Monroe  Willard.  who  at  the  time  of  his  elec- 
tion was  Supervising  Principal  of  the  Ger- 
mantown  Combined  School,  and  who  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  his  new  position  in  Sep- 
tember. 

Both  schools  are  now  in  a  most  prosperous 
condition,  although  they  are  hampered  by  a 
lack  of  proper  accommodations.  The  man- 
ual training  movement  is  constantly  receiving 
fresh  impetus  from  the  success  of  the  Phila- 
delphia schools. 


OBJECTS  OF  THE  SCHOOLS. 

Lest  the  scope  of  the  Manual  Training 
Schools  should  not  be  fully  understood,  it 
maybe  stated  that  they  are  not  trade  schools, 
although  in  them  the  principles  that  under- 
lie all  trades  and  occupations  are  taught. 
They  are  high  schools,  in  that  they  afford  an 
opportunity  to  students  to  pursue  a  High 
^  School  course  in  literature,  science  and  math- 
R  ematics,  but  there  is  added  to  this  a  most 
thorough  course  in  drawing  and  in  the  use  and 
appHcation  of  tools  in  the  industrial  arts. 
The  object  is  the  training  of  all  the  faculties. 


The  course  of  study  embraces  five  parallel 
lines,  as  follows: — 

First. — A  Course  in  Language  and  Litera- 
ture, including  the  Structure  and  Use  of  Eng- 
lish; Composition,  Literature,  History,  Econ- 
omics and  German  or  French. 

Second.— A  Course  in  Science  and  Applied 
Mathematics,  including  Geology,  Physics, 
Chemistry,  Physiology,  Economic  Botany, 
Mechanics,  Steam  Engineering,  Applied  Elec- 
tricity, Mensuration,  Book-keeping  and  Sur- 
veying. 

Third. — A  Course  of  Pure  Mathematics,  in- 
cluding Arithmetic,  Geometry,  Algebra  and 
Plane  Trigonometry. 

Fourth. — A  Course  in  Freehand,  Mechan- 
ical and  Architectural  Drawing,  Designing 
and  Clay  Modeling. 

Fifth. — A  Course  in  Tool  Instruction,  in- 
cluding joinery,  pattern-making,  wood-turn- 
ing, wood-carving,  forging,  soldering,  mould- 
ing and  casting,  vise-work  (chipping,  filing 
and  fitting),  and  mechanical  construction. 


FACULTY  OF  CENTRAL  SCHOOL. 

The  Faculty  of  the  Central  Manual  Train- 
ing School  consists  of  the  following: — 

William  L.  Sayre,  A.  M.,  Principal. 

Edward  S.  Zieber,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Teacher 
of  Mathematics. 

Lino  F.  Rondinella,  B.  S.,  M.  E.,  Teacher 
of  Constructive  Drawing. 

Herbert  C.  Whitaker,  Ph.  D.,  Teacher  of 
Mathematics. 

Edward  A.  Partridge,  B.  S.,  Teacher  of 
Physics. 

Gerrit  E.  H.  Weaver,  A.  M.,  Teacher  of 
History  and  Economics. 

Albert  Paul  Willis,  Teacher  of  Freehand, 
x\rchitectural  Drawing  and  Designing. 

Robert  H.  Bradbury,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.. 
Teacher  of  Chemistry  and  Natural  History. 

James  H.  Donnelly,  A.  B.,  Ph.  B.,  Teacher 
of  English  Language  and  Literature. 


Walter  Koenig,  Ph.  D.,  Teacher  of  Ger- 
man. 

M.  A.  Grillon,  Teacher  of  French. 

Louis  Sayre,  Teacher  of  Natural  Science. 

Albert  B.  Entwistle,  Teacher  of  Joinery, 
Turning  and  Parquetry. 

George  Astley,  Teacher  of  Moulding, 
Smithing  and  Ornamental  Iron  Work. 

J.  Logan  Fitts,  Teacher  of  Chipping.  Filing 
and  Fitting. 

Vincent  A.  Clarke,  Teacher  of  Construct- 
ive Work  (Machine  Tools). 

John  B.  Alker,  Teacher  of  Pattern  ^Making, 
Turning  and  Wood-Carving. 

John  Brackin,  Assistant  in  Laboratories. 


FACULTY  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 
SCHOOL. 

The  Faculty  of  the  Northeast  Manual 
Training  School  is  composed  of  the  follow- 
ing:— 

J.  Monroe  Willard,  Principal. 

John  W.  Moyer,  Teacher  of  Mathematics. 

John  L.  Stewart,  A.  B.,  Ph.  B.,  Teacher  of 
Literature,  Historv  and  Economics. 


Lycurgus  L.  Ford,  A.  M.,  Teacher  of 
Mathematics. 

George  D.  Firmin,  B.  S.,  Teacher  of  Natu- 
ral History  and  Chemistry. 

George  F.  Stradling,  Ph.  D.,  Teacher  of 
Physics.  ' 

Lemuel  Whitaker,  A.  M.,  Teacher  of  Eng- 
lish Language  and  Literature. 

Adolph  H.  Pfeil,  Teacher  of  Drawing  and 
Design. 

Charles  C.  Heyl,  B.  S.,  Teacher  of  Con- 
structive Drawing. 

George  Burnham  Beaman,  A.  B.,  Ph.  D., 
Teacher  of  German. 

Hubert  J.  J.  Bertrand,  L.  D.,  Teacher  of 
French. 

William  H.  Odenatt, Teacher  of  Steam  En- 
gineering and  Alechanical  Construction. 

William  B.  Gumphert,  Teacher  of  Pattern- 
Making  and  Wood-Turning. 

Frank  Roselle,  Teacher  of  Smithing  and 
Ornamental  Iron  Work. 

Jacob  L.  Wildemore,  Teacher  of  Joinery, 
Parquetry  and  Wood-Carving. 

Thomas  Ascough,  Teacher  of  Moulding, 
Tinsmithing,  Chipping,  Filing  and  Fittmg. 

Thomas  Moore,  Principal's  Assistant. 


184 


WILLIAM  L.  SAYRE. 


William  L.  Sayre,  Principal  of  the  Central 
Manual  Training  School,  was  born  in  By- 
berry,  now  part  of  the  City  of  Philadel- 
phia, in  1840.  He  was  educated  in  the 
Philadelphia  public  schools,  being  ad- 
mitted    to     the     Central    High     School     in 

1854. 

He  commenced  teaching  in  Bucks  County 
in  1857,  and  in  1863  came  to  Philadelphia  and 
became  a  teacher  in  the  Glenwood  School, 
Thirty-third  street  and  Ridge  avenue.  He 
went  from  there  to  the  Mantua  School,  in 
1864,  and  removed  to  Camden  in  1865.  He 
was  elected  Principal  of  the  Vaughan  Gram- 
mar School  in  1872. 

When  the  Central  Manual  Training  School 
was  organized,  in  1885,  Mr.  Sayre  was  elected 
vice-principal.  He  was  professor  of  drawing 
in  the  Central  High  School  in  1886,  and  was 


elected  Principal  of  the  Central  Manual  Train- 
ing School  in  1887. 

Since  that  time  he  has  labored  indefatigably 
to  build  up  the  school  along  the  lines  of  pro- 
gressive educational  thought.  He  has  en- 
deavored to  arouse  public  interest  in,  and 
public  sympathy  with  the  manual  training 
movement,  and  has  been  eminently  successful 
in  his  efforts  to  make  the  Manual  Training 
School  of  the  highest  practical  value.  The 
gradual  enlargement  of  the  school  and  the 
strengthening  of  the  manual  training  move- 
ment have  characterized  his  administration. 

Mr.  Sayre  attributes  his  success  to  hard 
work  and  a  profound  belief  in  the  educational 
value  of  manual  training. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Penn  Club,  the  His- 
torical Society,  Educational  Club  and  Univer- 
sity Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M. 


185 


JAMES  MONROE  WILLARD. 


James  Monroe  Willard,  Principal  of  the 
Northeast  Manual  Training  School,  was  born 
in  Northampton,  Bucks  County,  Pa.  He  re- 
ceived his  early  education  mainly  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  county  and  the  Central 
High  School  of  Philadelphia.  He  began  his 
professional  career  in  Montgomery  County, 
but  soon  after  took  charge  of  the  Washington 
School  in  the  Twenty-third  Section.  Two 
years  later  he  was  appointed  Principal  of  the 
Randolph  Consolidated  School,  without  the 
formaHty  of  an  application.  In  less  than  a 
year  after  that  he  was  unanimously  elected 
Principal  of  the  Forest  School,  Falls  of  Schuyl- 
kill. Here  an  entirely  new  field  presented 
itself.  The  work  was  congenial  and  the  pros- 
pects of  abundant  success  were  fully  realized, 
not  only  in  the  scores  of  pupils  whom  he  sent 
to  higher  schools,  but  more,  even,  in  the  cul- 
tivation of  a  healthful  and  sympathetic  senti- 
ment in  the  school  itself,  and  in  the  awaken- 
ing of  a  generous  spirit  of  co-operation  and 
confidence  on  the  part  of  the  public. 

When,  in  1880,  the  Principalship  of  the 
Germantown  Boys'  Grammar  School  became 


vacant,  Mr.  Willard  was  urged  to  take  the 
position.  He  entered  upon  the  work  with 
great  ardor,  and  under  his  administration  the 
school  won  a  distinct  position  among  the 
schools  of  this  city.  He  was  the  first  to  give 
attention  to  the  system  of  rewards  and 
punishments,  common  in  the  schools  of  fif- 
teen years  ago.  Marking,  ranking,  dement- 
ing and  other  forms  of  the  vicious  system  then 
in  vogue,  were  abolished  in  his  school,  and 
he  devised  a  series  of  reports  to  parents, 
which  have  since  been  extensively  adopted. 
Through  his  efforts  a  well  equipped  pedago- 
gical and  reference  library  was  added  to  the 
school. 

In  1886  the  schools  of  Germantown  were 
reorganized,  and  about  one  thousand  boys 
were  placed  under  his  direction  as  Supervising 
Principal.  Thus,  again,  the  field  of  his  labor 
was  enlarged,  and  the  child  of  the  tender  years, 
as  well  as  the  advanced  student,  felt  the 
kindly  and  healthful  influence  of  his  sympa- 
thetic nature.  He  was  surrounded  by  a  body 
of  trained  assistants,  whose  loyalty  and  devo- 
tion to  their  chief  have  rarely  been  equaled 


among  persons  associated  under  similar  con  On  June  20,  1896,  the  Committee  on  the 

ditions.  Northeast    Manual    Training    School    unani- 

Mr.  Willard  was  twice  elected  President  of  mously  recommended  to  the  Board  of  Public 

the  Teachers'  Institute  of  Philadelphia.     He  Education  his  election  to  the  Principalship  of 

was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Educational  that  institution.     This  action  of  the  commit- 

Club.     He  became  its  first  president  and  at  tee  was  confirmed  by  the  Board  and  Mr.  Wil- 

each  annual  meeting  since  he  has  been  unani-  lard  was  formerly  installed  in  this  position  on 

mously  re-elected  to  the  position.  September  8th,  following. 


r 


187 


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191 


James  Forten  Elementary  Manual 
Training  School 


A  unique  place  in  the  system  of  public  edu- 
cation in  Philadelphia  is  filled  by  the  James 
Forten  Elementary  Manual  Training  School, 
located  on  Sixth  Street  above  Lombard.  The 
building  was  formerly  used  as  a  secondary 
and  primary  school  for  colored  children,  and 
owing  to  a  great  decrease  in  attendance  was 
closed  in  February,  1891,  only  to  be  opened 
the  following  September  for  its  present  pur- 
pose. 

The  idea  of  the  formation  of  an  elementary 
manual  training  school  in  this  locality  origi- 
nated with  Miss  Anna  Hallowell,  member  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Education  from  the  Sev- 
enth Section,  who  believed  that  if  in  a  school 
so  situated  attractive  features  of  educational 
value  were  to  be  introduced,  there  would  be 
a  large  attendance.  Accordingly,  Miss  Hal- 
lowell was  appointed  chairman  of  a  special 
committee  to  organize  the  school. 

The  building  was  thoroughly  renovated 
and  remodeled,  and  a  corps  of  experienced 
teachers  were  engaged.  Miss  Hannah  A. 
Fox,  who  was  at  that  time  Principal  of  the 
school  at  the  House  of  Refuge,  assumed  the 
principalship.  All  the  teachers  were  trained 
kindergartners. 

The  school  opened  with  fifty  children,  just 
about  one-tenth  of  the  number  now  enrolled. 
At  first  the  attendance  was  limited  to  col- 
ored children,  but  before  the  end  of  the  first 
year  white  children  were  enrolled,  and  now 
only  about  twenty-five  per  cent,  of  the  pupils 
are  colored.     The  others  are  mostlv  children 


of  foreign  parentage.    The  pupils  are  of  both 
sexes. 

The  school  follows  closely  the  course  of  in- 
struction laid  down  for  the  elementary 
schools.  It  has  all  the  grades  of  a  secondary 
and  primary  school  and  four  kindergartens. 
The  manual  training  features  are  pursued  in 
addition  to  the  regular  elementary  studies. 


HANNAH  A.  FOX. 

The  boy  passes  from  kindergarten  work  to 
the  class  in  Sloyd,  which  is  a  Swedish  system 
of  carpentering.  This  work  is  under  the  di- 
rection of  Frederick  P.  Porter,  who  is  a  grad- 
uate of  the  Central  Manual  Training  School, 
and  a  most  successful  teacher.  So  attractive 
is  the  Sloyd  work  that  boys  have  voluntarily 
remained  at  the  school  as  late  as  six  o'clock 


in  the  evening,  and  have  then  begged  to  be 
allowed  to  return  after  the  evening  meal. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  SLOYD 
SYSTEM. 

Mr.  Porter  has  been  quoted  in  "Woman's 
Progress"  as  follows: — 

"All  the  exercises  result  in  a  finished  and 
useful  article.  It  has  been  claimed  that  the 
making  of  useful  articles  is  a  defect  in  the 
Sloyd  system,  and  that  more  attention  is 
paid  to  the  selecting  of  an  object  of  use  than 
to  the  grading  of  the  exercises.  This  is  not 
so.  The  exercises  are  always  considered  be- 
fore the  models.  The  true  teacher  of  Sloyd 
first  decides  upon  the  exercises  he  wishes  to 
incorporate  in  a  model  and  then  searches  for 
an  object  to  fit  them. 

"Principles,  unless  applied  in  a  practical 
way,  are  frequently  forgotten  almost  as  soon 
as  learned,  but  if  they  interest  the  pupil  and 
impress  themselves  upon  his  mind  in  an  at- 
tractive manner,  the  remembrance  of  them  is 
clearer.  The  child  of  thirteen  or  fourteen 
years  of  age  sees  little  value  in  abstract  exer- 
cises, and  is  very  apt  to  execute  them  in  a 
careless  and  indifferent  manner,  merely  for 
the  sake  of  finishing  his  task.  He  wishes  to 
make  something,  something  that  will  be  of 
use  when  finished.  In  order  that  the  models 
may  be  attractive  to  the  child,  it  is  necessary 
that  they  should  be  objects  with  which  he  is 
familiar,  or  with  whose  use  he  is  acquainted." 

SEWING,  COOKING  AND  SINGING 
LESSONS. 

The  girls  are  taught  sewing,  as  are  also  the 
boys  in  the  lower  grades.  Both  girls  and 
boys  are  instructed  in  cooking,  although 
it  is  not  compulsory  with  the  latter.  A 
teacher  of  singing  is  present  one  hour  each 
day,  and  conducts  the  vocal  exercises. 

No  effort  is  spared  to  make  the  school  at- 
tractive to  the  children.  A  part  of  the  base- 
ment is  fitted  up  as  a  gymnasium.  There  is 
also  a  lunch  room,  where  lunches  are  fur- 
nished  at   the  nominal   cost  of  one  or  two 


cents  by  the  women  connected  with  the  Col- 
lege Settlement,  a  neighboring  enterprise  of 
a  charitable  nature. 

ITS  EDUCATIONAL  VALUE. 

If  the  James  Forten  School  was  conducted 
as  a  charitable  institution  it  would  abun- 
dantly fulfill  its  mission,  but  it  is  not  so  con- 
ducted, and  in  looking  at  the  splendid  work 
accomplished  by  it  as  a  mission  among  poor 
children,  its  great  educational  value  must  not 
be  overlooked  or  underrated.  It  fills  a  place 
distinctively  its  own  in  the  public  educational 
system.  It  is  reaching  and  educating  a  class 
of  children  that  could  be  attracted  and  held 
by  no  other  school.  It  is  taking  the  children 
of  immigrants,  many  of  them  from  wretched 
and  depraved  homes,  and  is  not  only  giving 
them  the  elements  of  a  popular  education, 
but  is  training  them  to  use  their  hands  to 
good  purpose.  It  is,  moreover,  instilling  in 
their  young  minds  valuable  lessons  of  indus- 
try and  patriotism,  and  is  teaching  them  haD- 
its  of  neatness,  accuracy,  truth  and  honesty. 

Its  educational  value  is  no  longer  ques- 
tioned, as  was  the  case  when  it  was  first  or- 
ganized, and  bore  the  name  of  "Miss  Hallo- 
w^ell's  experiment."  It  is  no  longer  in  the  ex- 
perimental stage.  It  has  demonstrated  its 
usefulness.  It  needs  no  apology.  Indeed,  the 
time  will  come,  and  before  very  long.  too.  in 
the  opinion  of  educators,  when  the  move- 
ment thus  unostentatiously  started  in  Phila- 
delphia will  spread  all  over  the  country,  and 
will  work  a  reform  of  almost  inestimable 
value. 

The  building  up  of  the  James  Forten 
School  has  been  no  easy  task.  It  has  been 
accomplished  only  by  faithful  and  persistent 
efifort,  in  the  face  of  indifference  and  even 
ridicule.  To  Miss  Anna  Hallowell  belongs  the 
credit  for  its  successful  and  permanent  estal)- 
lishment.  As  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Education's  Committee  on  the  James  For- 
ten School,  she  is  to-day  energetically  work- 
ing in  the  interests  of  the  school  which  she 
was  instrumental  in  organizing  and  bringing 


to  its  present  condition  of  usefulness.  To 
Miss  Hannah  A,  Fox,  the  Principal,  much 
credit  is  also  due. 

TEACHERS  OF  THE  FORTEN 
SCHOOL. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  teachers  of  the 
James  Forten  School: — 
Hannah  A.  Fox,  Principal. 
Agnes  M.  Fox,  First  Assistant. 
Belle  Elder,  Assistant. 
May  A.  Weidley,  Assistant. 
Martha  B.  Donaghy,  Assistant. 
Francis  I.  Dalpe,  Assistant. 


M.  Bertha  Braley,  Assistant. 
Mary  B.  Weild,  Assistant. 
Margaret  Heritage,  Assistant. 
Margaret  Hertfelder,  Assistant. 
Florence  L.  Ingle,  Assistant. 
Frederick  P.  Porter,  Teacher  of  Slovd. 
Sarah  M.  Wilson,  Teacher  of  Cookery. 
Daniel  Batchellor,  Teacher  of  Music. 
Mary  E.  Keech,  Teacher  of  Sewing. 
M.  Inez  Cassey,  Kindergarten. 
Florence  H.  Couzzins,  Assistant,  Kinder- 
garten. 

Grace  Yardley,  Assistant,  Kindergarten. 
Margaret  Hulett,  Kindergarten. 


197 


199 


School  of  Industrial  Art 


For  some  years  prior  to  the  establishment 
of  the  PubHc  School  of  Industrial  Art,  the 
subject  of  the  introduction  of  industrial  train- 
ing in  the  public  schools  was  considered,  and 
a  Committee  on  Industrial  Art  Education 
was  one  of  the  standing  committees  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education.  Nothing  definite 
was  accomplished,  however,  tmtil  1880,  when 
Charles  G.  Leland,  a  well-known  public- 
spirited  citizen,  placed  before  this  committee 
a  system  of  manual  training  which  he  had 
been  instrumental  in  successfully  introducing 
into  schools  in  England. 

There  was  no  appropriation  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  school  such  as  was  contemplated 
by  Mr.  Leland,  and  the  only  assistance  which 
the  Board  could  render  him  was  to  give  him 
the  use  of  a  public  school  building  for  the 
purpose  of  demonstrating  the  feasibility  ar.cl 
practicability  of  simultaneously  training  the 
mind  and  hand  of  the  child.  Accordingly,  a 
part  of  the  Hollingsworth  School  building. 
Fifteenth  and  Locust  streets,  was  devoted  to 
this  purpose. 

SUCCESS  THE  FIRST  YEAR. 

The  school  was  opened  with  120  chil- 
dren, who  came  for  two  hours  twice 
each  week  to  receive  instruction,  having, 
first  gained  the  necessary  permission  from  the 
Principals  of  the  schools  which  they  attended. 
The  results  of  the  first  year  were  highly  satis- 
factory, and  the  following  year  the  Board  of 
Public  Education  assumed  control  of  the 
school,  appointing  regular  teachers  and  plac- 
ing the  school  on  a  permanent  basis  . 


STEADY  PROGRESS. 

Each  year  since  then  has  seen  a  steady  and 
highly  gratifying  progress  along  lines  similar 
to  those  mapped  out  when  the  school  was 
started.  The  growth  in  the  number  of  pupils 
has  been  very  marked.  According  to  the  last 
annual  report,  that  for  the  year  1895,  the 
number  of  grammar  school  pupils  in  attend- 
ance was  936  and  the  number  of  teachers  re- 
ceiving instruction  was  171. 

It  is  authoritatively  claimed  that  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Public  School  of  Industrial 
Art  was  the  first  practical  and  successful  at- 
tempt made  in  Philadelphia  or  elsewhere  to 
incorporate  manual  training  as  an  integral 
branch  of  common  school  education.  Other 
cities  established  manual  schools,  with  fixed 
prices  for  instruction,  before  Philadelphia 
took  up  the  matter  at  all,  but  the  first  system 
of  free  industrial  training,  successfully  planned 
and  carried  out,  is  to  be  credited  to  this  city. 

SYSTEM  OF  INSTRUCTION. 

As  stated  by  the  Director  of  the  school. 

"The  fact  that  we  tried  seventeen  different 
methods  of  hand-work  proved  the  earnest- 
ness with  which  we  struggled  with  the  prob- 
lem of  hand-training  in  the  public  schools. 
The  mechanical  methods  had  to  go,  one  after 
the  other,  after  trial  in  various  directions. 
Only  after  striving  and  struggling  up  above 
the  use  of  instruments  of  precision,  rules, 
compasses,  mechanical  methods,  etc.,  could 
we  recognize  their  futility  in  developing 
the  mind,  judgment,  the  eye  and  the  hand. 
Only  by  trying  and  testing  the  old  methods 


and  thus  proving  their  fallacy  did  we  emerge 
into  the  light  of  better  ways.  Flat  copies, 
feeble  art  methods,  abuse  of  geometric  forms 
and  blocks,  false,  artificial  and  unnatural  sys- 
tems devised  for  money-making  purposes, 
were  tried  and  proved  wanting.  A  number 
of  trade  processes  were  tested  with  similar 
results,  until  we  actually,  and  by  experience, 
came  down  to  fundamental  facts,  and  on  these 
have  built  up  a  system,  reasonable,  feasible, 
without  great  cost,  perfectly  adapted  to  all 
grades,  from  the  Kindergarten  to  the  Univer- 
sity; a  system  that  can  be  applied  without 
friction  to  every  kind  of  educational  institute, 
only  limited  to  the  capacity  of  the  individual: 
a  system  governed  by  natural  law,  working 
with  the  absolute  precision  of  nature  itself;  a 
system  that  unfolds  the  capacities  of  the 
children  as  unfolds  the  leaves  of  flowers;  a 
system  that  teaches  the  pupils  that  they  are 
in  the  plan  and  part  of  life,  and  enables  them 
to  work  out  their  own  salvation  on  the  true 
lines  of  design  and  work  as  illustrated  in  every 
natural  thing." 

"What  is  manual  training?"  To  some  it 
means  an  exercise  for  muscles,  like  gymnas- 
tics, and  to  others  a  process  of  making  boys 
merely  handy;  others  think  it  a  way  of  teach- 
ing trades  to  children,  and  nearly  all  confound 
it  with  mechanical  training  and  suppose  a 
drill  is  necessary  in  sawing  and  planing,  chip- 
ping, filing,  wood-turning,  plumbing,  etc., 
very  few  dissociating  it  from  the  use  of  ma- 
chinery and  from  slow,  tedious,  trade  proc- 
esses, or  dream  that  it  has  anything  to  do 
with  women  and  girls. 

Manual  training  for  the  education  of  indi- 
viduals cannot  be  obtained  by  mechanical  pur- 
suits similar  to  carpentry,  plumbing,  chipping, 
filing,  etc.  Manual  training  is  not  a  matter  of 
simply  doing  different  things;  it  is  the  intel- 
ligent selection  of  modes  from  the  many 
operations  and  pursuits  most  suited  to  pro- 
duce the  effect  desired.  Swinging  dumb-bells 
or  pushing  a  plane  or  saw  produces  muscles, 
but  it  does  not  require  the  constant  use  of  the 
intellect;      the     thinking     powers     are     not 


increased  in  ratio.  There  are  many  exercises, 
then,  more  fit  for  our  purpose.  We  must 
select  for  manual  training  purposes,  w^ork  and 
methods  that  in  addition  to  giving  muscular 
activity,  will  exercise  the  peripheral  nerves  as 
tools  pf  the  sense. 

It  includes  all  processes  that  train  the  mus- 
cles and  the  mind  to  w^ork  in  harmony.  In 
some  of  its  applications  it  gives  skill  in  plan- 
ing boards  and  shaping  iron;  but  just  as  legiti- 
mately does  it  make  the  hand  cunning  to 
dissect  a  nerve,  to  engrave  an  etching  or 
to  fingrer  a  violin.  And  as  no  school  of  man- 
ual  training  is  obliged  to  teach  anatomy,  en- 
graving and  music,  so  no  school  of  the  kind 
must  necessarily  teach  joinery  or  chipping 
and  filing.  What  it  must  teach  is  this:  proc- 
esses that  wall  make  the  pupil  muscularly  as 
ready  to  begin  any  kind  of  work  when  he  is 
grown  as  arithmetic  and  geography  made  him 
mentally  ready.  Those  who  believe  that  such 
processes  are  inseparable  from  the  use  of  saws 
and  hammers  have  not  looked  all  around  the 
subject.  At  the  Industrial  Art  School  they 
would  find  a  dexterity  taught,  not  looking 
directly  toward  this  or  that  trade,  but  under- 
lying success  in  any  of  the  two  hundred  and 
forty  trades. 

AIM  OF  THE  SCHOOL. 

The  aim  of  the  school  is  the  development  of 
the  perceptive  and  creative  faculties  of  the 
whole  individual,  and  the  training  of  the 
muscles  into  facile  dexterity;  accustoming  the 
pupil  to  the  evolution  of  original  ideas  of 
form,  and  giving  the  power  to  execute  these 
ideas  in  any  material. 

'Tn  all  this  training  the  individuality  alone 
of  the  child  is  called  into  play.  There  are  no 
artificial  aids  to  the  result.  No  marks,  no  con- 
struction lines,  no  rulers,  no  calipers  are  em- 
ployed; only  the  mincU  the  eye  and  the  hand." 

THE  PUPILS. 

Two  pupils  from  every  division  of  the  ele- 
mentarv  schools  are  given  instruction  in  the 


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Industrial  Art  School,  they  being  excused  one 
afternoon  of  each  week  from  their  own 
schools.  The  hours  of  instruction  are  from 
2.30  to  4.30. 

Between  the  hours  of  five  and  six  each  day, 
after  the  children  are  dismissed,  public  school 
teachers  take  their  places  as  pupils.  The 
courses  for  teachers  are  elective.  They  are 
attended  voluntarily,  and  the  classes  are 
usuallv  crowded. 


A  SPLENDID  TRIBUTE. 

The  importance  of  this  school  in  the  estima- 
tion of  educators  outside  of  Philadelphia  may 
be  judged  from  the  following  extracts  from  an 
address  by  W.  N.  Hailman,  Superintendent  of 
Indian  Schools,  Washington,  D.  C. : — 

"During  the  Exposition  at  Chicago,  one  of 
my  chief  delights  was  the  discovery  of  this 
school.  *  *  *  I  had  passed  from  school  to 
school;  everywhere  I  had  found  the  stereo- 
typed conventionalism,  everywhere  the  same 
unreasoning  endeavor  to  subject  art  which  is 
intensest  and  freest  life  to  arbitrary  formal- 
isms, everywhere  the  pupil's  gaze  turned  to  so- 
called  rules  and  legitimacies,  instead  of  search- 
ing out  the  laws  that  live  in  his  own  soul, 
everywhere  the  same  ruthless  efforts  to  tie  the 
pupil's  hand  with  arbitrary  mannerisms,  in- 
stead of  liberating  conditions  that  might 
enable  his  ideas  and  ideals  to  live  themselves 
forth  upon  some  recording  surface  or  into 
some  plastic  material.  From  booth  to  booth 
I  had  gone  and  had  seen  the  walls  plastered 
over  with  weak  imitations  of  the  thoughts  or 
no-thoughts  of  some  system-maker  until  my 
soul  grew  sick  with  the  musty  odors  of  dark- 
ness and  decay,  when  at  last  the  display  of  the 
work  of  this  school  burst  upon  my  weariness. 

"It  came  to  me  as  a  reproach  and  prophecy, 
a  reproach  for  my  despondency,  a  prophecy 
of  a  new  eureka.  Here  there  was  not  a  stroke 
of  work  that  did  not  embody  a  complete 
thought  clearly  elaborated  in  the  learner's 
mind.  Every  achievement  rested  upon  the 
pupil's     personal     experience     and     seemed 


consciously  related  to  some  spontaneous  pur- 
pose that  had  had  its  birth  and  growth  in  the 
pupil's  heart.  In  the  light  of  their  handiwork 
the  students  had  explored  the  contents  of 
their  own  minds,  judging  at  every  step  the 
value  of  their  work  by  criteria  grown  on  the 
soil  of  their  own  experience  and  lifted  into 
consciousness  by  their  own  efforts.  At  every 
step  I  saw  them  intently  and  yet  without 
strain  gaining  at  the  same  time  clearer  com- 
prehension of  the  object  of  their  work  and 
greater  confidence  in  their  powers  of  accurate, 
lucid  self-expression.  And  this  seemed  to  be 
managed  so  adroitly  by  the  school,  and  with 
such  clear-visioned  consistency  and  unfailing 
respect  for  the  learner's  thought,  that  weari- 
ness of  spirit  and  the  rebellious  desire  to  be  let 
alone,  so  common  in  the  traditional  school, 
could  not  enter  here. 

'Tn  the  ordinary  school,  which  labors  to 
force  all  minds  into  the  same  arbitrary  molds 
of  traditional  mediocrity,  the  teacher  is  for- 
ever dictating,  directing,  holding  up  effete 
patterns  and  obsolete  ideals  that  have  no  vital 
meaning  in  the  life  of  the  child,  forever  re- 
inforcing his  efforts  with  books  and  charts, 
systems  and  formulas,  recipes  and  dogmas, 
never  affording  the  learner  an  opportunity  to 
become  acquainted  with  himself  and  to  gain 
the  conviction  that  there  is  within  him  a 
life  teeming  with  possibilities  far  beyond  the 
reminiscence  of  past  and  the  incongruities  of 
foreign  attainments. 

"In  this  school  as  I  saw  it  at  the  Exposition 
this  was  not  the  case.  Here  the  pupil  seemed 
to  lead.  He  fairly  felt  himself  growing.  New 
revelations  of  his  power  came  to  him  at  every 
turn.  He  lived  himself  into  confidence  in  his 
own  power  to  think  and  to  express  thought. 
Whereas  the  ordinary  traditional  school  is  ever 
busy  in  dryest  exercises  to  establish  detached 
automatisms  as  to  how  to  do  this  and  how  to 
do  that,  directing  the  child's  chief  attention  to 
the  mechanism  of  himself,  the  automatisms 
of  the  required  w^ork  were  here  so  closely  tied 
up  with  the  pupil's  thought  and  purpose  that 
they  took  care  of  themselves,  growing  with 


the  growth  of  thought  and  purpose,  leaving 
the  child  free  to  devote  himself  wholly  to 
these  most  important  things. 

"Elsewhere,  I  had  seen  the  child  weighted 
■down  with  cubes  and  balls,  with  cylinders  and 
cones,  with  lines  straight  and  curved,  parallel 
and  diverging,  loading  himself  with  weari- 
some definitions  of  these  things  or  investing 
them  with  an  unhealthy  mysticism  in  ac- 
cordance with  a  sadly  perverted  reading  of 
Froebel's  thought;  here  I  found  practical 
comprehension  and  free  control  of  these 
things,  attained  without  weariness  and  sup- 
pressed sorrow,  a  loving  application  of 
Froebel's  living  thought ;  cubes  and  cylinders, 
squares  and  circles  becoming  familiar  friends 
through  the  service  they  gave  in  the  expres- 
sion of  thought  and  in  the  achievement  of 
purpose.  Here  I  saw  the  so-called  principles 
of  parallelism  and  perpendicularity,  of  radia- 
tion and  balance,  of  circle  and  involute,  of  per- 
spective and  shadow,  discovered  by  the  chil- 
dren in  the  needs  of  their  own  souls,  clearly 
put  forth  and  thoughtfully  applied  in  spon- 
taneous work,  shining  in  the  lucidity  of 
an  art  rooted  deeply  in  the  child's  own  con- 
tinuously growing  experience,  vitally  con- 
nected with  his  every  interest  and  line  of  study, 
fed  by  every  other  subject  of  instruction  and 
establishing  in  the  child's  organic  self  the  in- 
come of  all  these  subjects;  an  art  which  is 
capable  of  enhancing  the  utilities  of  life  by 
clothing  them  in  beauty,  capable  of  rendering 
the  materialities  of  life  lucid  with  their  recog- 
nized latent  spiritualities,  capable  of  weaving 
into  the  now  and  here  the  life-ideals  that  come 
to  us  from  the  past  or  are  brought  to  us  from 
afar,  not  in  servile  imitation,  but  in  free  as- 
similation and  development.  Here  I  saw  the 
promise  of  a  new  descriptive  art,  stimulating 
observation  and  discovery,  inviting  to  the 
study  of  the  inner  reasons  of  outer  form,  re- 
vealing the  deeper  laws  and  conditions  of  our 


environment.  Here  I  saw  the  promise  of  a 
new  creative  art.  shall  I  say  of  a  truly  national 
and  specifically  American  art,  in  full  accord- 
ance with  the  subjective  needs  and  aspirations 
of  this  new  nation,  free  from  Egyptian  and 
Persian  petrifactions,  from  Japanese  triviali- 
ties, from  French  frivolities  and  pessimisms, 
free  from  all  that  is  extraneous  and  efifete;  an 
art  which  is  not  meant  to  tickle  the  idle  and 
dissolute,  but  to  sustain  the  earnest,  which 
does  not  revel  in  the  bizarre,  but  strives  to 
reveal  the  unity  of  the  true  and  the  beautiful, 
of  joy  and  vigor;  an  art  which  does  not  drag 
man  into  the  bogs  of  self-indulgence,  but  lifts 
him  to  the  heights  of  self-assertion  in  the  ser- 
vice of  holiest  ideals. 

"I  congratulate  this  beautiful  city  on  the 
proud  distinction  of  being  the  home  of  such 
a  school.  I  congratulate  the  nation  upon  the 
fact — significant  in  its  coincidence — that  the 
City  of  Brotherly  Love,  from  which  was  pro- 
claimed our  national  independence,  is  thus 
generously  preparing  to  secure  for  us  a  new 
independence  in  the  realms  of  art." 

FACULTY  OF  THE  SCHOOL. 

The  faculty  of  the  Public  School  of  Indus- 
trial Art  is  constituted  as  follows: — 

J.  Lil)erty  Tadd,  Director. 

Herman  Uhle,  Instructor  in  Wood  Carv- 
ing. 

Bernard  Uhle,  Instructor  in  Wood  Carving. 

Frank  R.  Whiteside,  Instructor  in  Drawing 
and  Designing. 

Katharine  Ringwalt,  Instructor  in  Draw- 
ing and  Designing. 

Helen  Dunlap,  Instructor  in  Clay  Model- 
ing. 

Ef^e  F.  Braddock,  Instructor  in  Clay 
Modeling. 

Caroline  Van  Gilder,  Instructor  in  Draw- 
ing and  Designing. 

Carvl  S.  Parrot  t.  Clerk. 


CLAY  MODELING, 
Industrial  Art  School. 


J.  LIBERTY  TADD. 


To  the  unswerving  devotion  to  his  work 
that  has  characterized  the  director  of  the 
school,  J.  Liberty  Tadd,  is  due  in  no  small 
measure  the  success  of  the  Public  Industrial 
Art  School.  His  every  effort  is  in  the  line  of 
improvement.  His  work  is  to  him  as  sacred 
as  any  mission  undertaken  by  religious 
devotee. 

Mr.  Tadd  is  of  English  parentage  and  was 
born  May  7,  1854.  His  early  education  was 
obtained  in  private  and  endowed  schools  in 
England  and  Canada.  As  soon  as  the  Acad- 
emy of  the  Fine  Arts  in  this  city  was  com- 
pleted, Mr.  Tadd  came  to  Philadelphia,  and  in 
1876  commenced  his  studies  here,  continuing 
three  or  four  years.  He  made  a  number 
of  trips  abroad  in  order  to  become  ac- 
quainted with  the  work  of  foreign  insti- 
tutions, and  has  visited  schools  in  Eng- 
land, Germany,  France  and  other  European 
countries. 


Mr.  Tadd  is  director  of  manual  training  in 
the  Roman  Catholic  High  School.  He  also 
conducts  night  classes  for  St.  James'  Guild 
and  other  organizations.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Educational  Club,  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences,  Vital  Art  Association,  National 
Educational  Association,  Philadelphia  Sketch 
Club  and  artist  member  of  the  Philadelphia 
Art  Club. 

He  was  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the 
Department  of  Manual  Training  and  Indus- 
trial Art  of  the  Congresses  at  the  World's 
Fair.  He  also  received  an  award  and  medal 
for  "excellence  of  unique  method  of  teaching 
drawing  and  work  in  wood  and  clay;"  also  an 
award  and  medal  for  exhibit  of  work,  from 
Roman  Catholic  High  School. 

Mr.  Tadd  worked  in  conjunction  with  Mr. 
Leland  in  organizing  the  Public  School  of  In- 
dustrial Art  and  has  been  the  head  of  the 
school  since  1884. 


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The  Elementary  Schools 


The  Elementary  Schools 


Under  the  rulesof  the  Boardof  PubHc Edu- 
cation the  elementary  pubHc  schools  in  the 
First  School  District  of  Pennsylvania,  or  all 
public  schools  except  the  higher  and  other 
schools  under  the  immediate  and  sole  charge 
of  the  Board  of  Public  Education,  are  classi- 
fied under  fourteen  different  heads,  being  des- 
ignated as  follows: — 

I.  A  boys'  grammar  school.  Such  a  school 
has  as  its  pupils  boys  only  who  are  pursuing 
the  studies  of  the  ninth,  tenth,  eleventh  and 
twelfth  grades. 

II.  A  girls'  grammar  school.  Such  a  school 
has  as  its  pupils  girls  only,  who  are  pursuing 
the  studies  of  the  ninth,  tenth,  eleventh  and 
twelfth  grades. 

III.  A  mixed  grammar  school.  Such  a 
school  has  as  its  pupils  both  boys  and  girls, 
who  are  pursuing  the  studies  of  the  ninth, 
tenth,  eleventh  and  twelfth  grades.  But  in 
no  case  are  grammar  divisions  organized  as 
mixed  divisions  where  there  are  suf^cient 
boys  and  girls  of  the  same  grades  to  form 
separate  divisions. 

IV.  A  consolidated  school.  Such  a  school 
has  as  its  pupils  both  boys  and  girls,  who  are 
pursuing  the  studies  of  any  or  all  of  the 
grades. 

V.  A  boys'  secondary  school.  Such  a 
school  has  as  its  pupils  boys  only,  who  are 
pursuing  the  studies  of  thefifth, sixth, seventh 
and  eighth  grades. 

VI.  A  girls'  secondary  school.  Such  a 
school  has  as  its  pupils  girls  only,  who  are 
pursuing  the  studies  of  the  fifth,  sixth,  sev- 
enth and  eighth  grades. 

VII.  A  boys'  and  girls'  secondary  school. 
Such  a  school  has  as  its  pupils  both  boys  and 


girls  who  are  pursuing  the  studies  of  the  fifth,, 
sixth,  seventh  and  eighth  grades. 

VI II.  A  secondary  school  of  higher  grade. 
Such  a  school  has  as  its  pupils  boys  or  girls 
only,  or  both  boys  and  girls,  who  are  pursu- 
ing the  studies  of  the  fifth,  sixth,  seventh  and 
eighth  grades,  and  any  or  all  of  the  four  next 
higher  grades. 

IX.  A  boys'  primary  school.  Such  a  school 
has  as  its  pupils  boys  only  who  are  pursuing 
the  studies  of  the  first,  second,  third  and 
fourth  grades. 

X.  A  girls'  primary  school.  Such  a  school 
has  as  its  pupils  girls  only  who  are  pursuing 
the  studies  of  the  first,  second,  third  and 
fourth  grades. 

XI.  A  boys'  and  girls'  primary  school. 
Such  a  school  has  as  its  pupils  both  boys  and 
girls  who  are  pursuing  the  studies  of  the  first, 
second,  third  and  fourth  grades. 

XII.  A  primary  school  of  higher  grade. 
Such  a  school  has  as  its  pupils  boys  or  girls 
only,  or  both  boys  and  girls,  who  are  pursu- 
ing the  studies  of  the  first,  second,  third  and 
fourth  grades,  and  any  or  all  of  the  higher 
grades. 

XIII.  A  secondary  and  primary  schooL 
Such  a  school  has  as  its  pupils  boys  or  girls 
only,  or  both  boys  and  girls,  who  are  pursu- 
ing the  studies  of  the  first  eight  grades  in  the 
graded  course  of  study. 

XIV.  A  combined  school.  Such  a  school 
is  a  combination,  under  the  charge  of  a  Super- 
vising Principal,  of  any  two  or  more  of  the 
schools  above  named,  excepting  consolidated 
schools. 

According  to  the  statistics  of  1895,  there 
were  thirty-five  grammar  schools,  thirty-five 


combined  grammar,  secondary  and  primary 
schools,  three  combined  grammar  and  sec- 
ondary schools,  four  combined  grammar  and 
primary  schools,  thirty-four  consolidated 
schools,  forty-two  secondary  schools,  sixty- 
seven  combined  secondary  and  primary 
schools,  eighty-seven  primary  schools,  and 
one  hundred  and  five  kindergartens,  making 


a  total  of  four  hundred  and  twelve  elementary 
schools.  This  number,  added  to  the  number 
of  high  schools  (5),  special  schools*  (3),  and 
cooking  schools  (5),  make  the  grand  total  of 
four  hundred  and  twenty-five  public  schools 
in  the  District. 


*  Under  this  head  maybe  considered  the  James  Forten 
Elementary  Manual  Training  School,  School  of  Industrial 
Art,  and  School  of  Observation  and  Practice. 


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Schools  of  the  First  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  First  Ward  of  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
First  Section  of  the  First  School  District  of 
Pennsylvania,  are  Wharton  street,  along  the 
River  Delaware  to  the  Back  Channel,  to 
Broad  street,  to  Passyunk  avenue,  to  Whar- 
ton street. 

The  schools  of  the  First  Section  are  as 
follows:  John  H.  Taggart  Combined  Gram- 
mar, Secondary  and  Primary  School,  Fifth 
and  Porter  streets,  H.  L.  Noble,  Supervising 
Principal;  Charles  S.  Close  Combined  Gram- 
mar and  Primary  School,  Seventh  and  Dick- 
inson streets,  Edward  Neville,  Supervis- 
ing Principal;  John  P.  Baugh  Grammar 
School,  Dickinson  street  above  Sixth, 
Matilda  Hand,  Supervising  Principal;  Wil- 
liam Welsh  Combined  Grammar,  Secondary 
and  Primary  School,  Thirteenth  and  Jackson 
streets,  Mary  E.Elsea,  Supervising  Principal; 
Weccacoe  Combined  Secondary  School, 
Second  and  Reed  streets,  Margaret  J. 
Neville,  Supervising  Principal;  Francis  Read 
Combined  Secondary  and  Primary  School, 
Eleventh  and  Moore  streets,  Anna  M.  Lash, 
Supervising  Principal;  Calhoun  Combined 
Secondary  and  Primary  School,  Tenth  street 
and  Snyder  avenue,  Lydia  McStocker,  Super- 
vising Principal;  L.  H.  Smith  Combined 
Secondary  and  Primary  School,  Fifth  street 
and  Snyder  avenue,  Mary  G.  Brown,  Super- 
vising Principal;  Tasker  Combined  Second- 
ary and  Primary  School,  Ninth  and  Tasker 
streets,  Mary  J.  Colwell,  Supervising  Princi- 
pal;   David    Foy    Combined    Secondary   and 


Primary  School,  Eighth  and  Wolf  streets, 
Nellie  C.  Graham, Supervising  Principal;  Mor- 
ris Combined  Primary  School,  Morris  street 
below  Second,  Lydia  D.  Myers,-  Supervising 
Principal;  Henry  Clay  Primary  School, 
Lancaster  street  above  Reed,  Mary  G. 
Edmunds,  Principal;  Henry  Clay  Kinder- 
garten, Lancaster  street  above  Reed,  M. 
Elizabeth  Clifton,  teacher. 

At  the  time  of  the  consolidation  of 
the  various  districts  and  boroughs  in  the 
County  of  Philadelphia,  in  1854,  the  ter- 
ritory now  comprising  the  First  Section 
contained  but  three  schools,  the  Weccacoe, 
White  Hall  and  Buck  Lane.  The  two  latter 
have  since  been  replaced  by  newer  schools. 
The  Tasker  and  the  Morris  Schools  were 
built  about  1868,  and  were  named  in  honor 
of  two  very  prominent  residents  of  the  First 
Ward.  The  David  Foy  and  Charles  S.  Close 
Schools  were  named  in  honor  of  former  mem- 
bers of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  First 
Section. 

The  newest  and  largest  school  in  the  Sec- 
tion is  the  John  H.  Taggart,  which  is  located 
in  a  handsome  building  opened  early  in  1896. 
It  is  splendidly  equipped  and  is  considered 
one  of  the  finest  school  buildings  in  the  city. 

The  schools  of  the  First  Section  are  in  a 
crowded  condition  and  efforts  are  being  made 
to  obtain  a  new  building  for  the  Section  at 
Thirteenth  and  Porter  streets. 

Before  the  appointment  of  the  present 
member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
from    this    Section,     Philip    S.    Hortz,     the 


Section  was  represented  in  the  Board  by  A.  S. 
Jenks,  who  died  in  1895,  after  serving  as  a 
member  for  twenty-eight  years. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  president  of  the  board  of  directors  of 
the   First   Section   in    1896  was   Thomas   F. 


CorneHus  Alexander,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, March  22,  1857;  elected  a  director  in 
1896. 

Otto  Arthur  Bihn  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, August  1,  1865;  elected  a  director  in 
1894. 

Charles  E.  Davis  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
January  30,  1836;  elected  a  director  in  1882. 


THOMAS  F.  DULING. 


JOHN  H.  PETERSON. 


Duling;  born  in  Philadelphia.  January  31, 
1847;  elected  a  director  in  1884;  chosen  presi- 
dent in  1895. 

The  secretary  of  the  board  was  John  H. 
Peterson;  born  in  Philadelphia,  September 
27,  1838;  elected  a  director  in  1880;  chosen 
secretary  in  1880. 


John  Neill  Fort  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
April  23,  1844;  elected  a  director  in  1896;  is 
editorially  connected  with  "The  Item." 

Other  members  of  the  board  were  John 
Allen,  John  M.  Gleeson,  William  S. 
Molineaux,  Conrad  Muhly,  William  P. 
Naglee  and  Andrew  J.  Toland. 


WILLIAM  WELSH  CU.MLIM.D  GRA.MMAi..  .;L^„:\i..U,\    AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 

Southeast  corner  Thirteenth  and  Jackson  Streets. 

First  Section. 


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Schools  of  the  5econd  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Second  Ward  of  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Second  Section  of  the  First  School  District 
of  Pennsylvania,  are  the  Delaware  River, 
Broad  street.  Wharton  street  to  Passyunk 
avenue,  to  Ellsworth,  to  Broad,  to  Christian. 

The  schools  of  the  Second  Section  are  as 
follows:  George  W.  Nebinger  Combined 
Grammar  and  Primary,  Carpenter  street 
above  Sixth,  William  L.  Welsh,  Supervising 
Principal;  Washington  Combined  Secondary 
and  Primary,  Carpenter  street  above  Ninth, 
Beulah  H.  Fenimore,  Supervising  Principal; 
Wharton  Combined  Secondary  and  Primary, 
Fifth  street  below  Washington  avenue,  Jen- 
nie L.  Russell,  Supervising  Principal;  John 
Stockdale  Secondary  and  Primary,  Thir- 
teenth and  South  Marshall  streets,  Josephine 
Ritchie,  Principal;  Watson  Primary  School, 
Mary  street  below  Second,  Lidie  Minton, 
Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i,  924  South 
Ninth  street,  Julia  M.  Gregg,  Principal;  Kin- 
dergarten No.  2,  Mary  street  below  Second, 
Anna  S.  Hunterson,  Principal;  Kindergarten 
No.  3,  Thirteenth  street  and  South  Marshall, 
Martha  Swartz,  teacher. 

The  Watson  School,  famiUarly  known  as 
the  Mary  Street  School,  is  the  oldest  school 
in  the  Section.  It  was  erected  about  the 
middle  of  the  present  century,  and  was  named 
in  honor  of  Samuel  F.  Watson,  who  was 
among  the  first  public  school  masters  in  Phil- 
adelphia. Previous  to  the  establishment  of 
this  school  there  had  been  a  primary  for  girls 
in  the  upper  stories  of  the  Southwark  Engine 
House,  of  the  old  Volunteer  Fire  Depart- 
ment, Third  street  north  of  Washington  ave- 
nue.    Miss  Anna  Wilson  was  its  Principal. 


This  school  was  moved  to  the  Watson  build- 
ing. Shortly  after  a  school  for  boys  was  or- 
ganized in  the  same  building,  Mary  Johnson 
being  the  first  Principal. 

About  twelve  years  ago  the  boys'  and  girls' 
schools  were  consolidated,  and  Miss  Louisa 
J.  Lindsay  was  elected  Principal.  She  was 
succeeded,  in  1894,  by  the  present  Principal, 
Miss  Lidie  Minton. 

The  Wharton  School  was  in  former 
years  called  the  Washington  School.  On 
the  site  of  the  present  Wharton  School 
the  summer  residence  of  the  old  Whar- 
ton family  was  at  one  time  located. 
Between  the  time  of  the  destruction  of 
this  house  and  the  erection  of  the  present 
Wharton  School,  the  site  was  occupied  by  a 
building  used  first  for  an  orphan  asylum,  later 
as  a  carriage  factory,  and  then  as  a  school. 
From  this  building  the  school  obtained  the 
title  of  "The  Old  Coach  Factory  School,"  a 
name  which  is  sometimes  applied  even  to  the 
present  building  by  the  older  residents  of  the 
section,  although  it  has  been  about  thirty- 
five  years  since  the  factory  building  gave 
place  to  a  regular  school  edifice. 

Prior  to  the  erection  of  the  Wharton 
School  building,  and  during  its  earlier  his- 
tory, there  were  a  number  of  small  schools  lo- 
cated in  the  eastern  end  of  the  Section,  most 
of  which  were  afterward  removed  to  this 
building. 

In  1890  the  Wharton  School  was  com- 
bined, and  Miss  Jennie  L.  Russell  became 
Principal. 

A  grammar  school,  which  was  afterward 
called  the  George  W.  Nebinger  School,  in 
honor  of  an  esteemed  and  influential  control- 


ler,  was  established  in  1864,  in  the  Wharton 
School  building.  This  was  not  the  first  gram- 
mar school  in  the  Section,  although  there  was 
none  other  at  the  time  of  its  organization. 
Away  back  in  the  '30's  there  was  a  school 
equivalent  to  a  grammar  school,  although 
not  so  called,  in  this  locality.  The  Principal 
was  A,  Thomas  Smith. 

Some  of  the  classes  of  what  was  afterward 
the  Nebinger  School  were  located  in  other 
buildings  during  the  early  history  of  the 
school,  the  accommodations  being  exceed- 
ingly poor.  The  present  building  was  erected 
in  1868.  The  first  Principal  was  Samuel  Me- 
cutchen,  who  was  afterward  a  professor  in 
the  Central  High  School. 

The  erection  of  this  building  relieved 
crowded  schools  in  the  Section,  and  the  pu- 
pils of  a  school  located  on  Newton  street,  a 
small  thoroughfare  west  of  Fourth  street, 
above  Washington  avenue,  were  transferred 
to  the  Wharton  building,  as  were  also  those 
of  the  secondary  department  of  a  school  lo- 
cated on  Sixth  street  north  of  Carpenter.  The 
primary  department  of  the  latter  school  was 
transferred  to  a  rented  building  on  Fifth 
street  below  Washington  avenue,  which  has 
since  been  known  as  the  Robert  Raikes 
School,  this  being  the  name  of  the  old  build- 
ing on  Sixth  street.  The  classes  in  the  rented 
building  are  under  the  same  supervision  as 
the  Wharton  School,  and  are  not  organized 
as  a  separate  school. 

The  Nebinger  School  was  combined  in 
1893  under  the  present  Supervising  Princi- 
pal, William  L.  Welsh. 

The  Washington  School  building  was 
erected  in  1870,  and  the  school  was  formed  by 
the  transfer  of  several  small  schools  to  the 
new  building,  among  the  number  being  the 
Robinson  School,  located  in  the  basement  of 
a  Methodist  Church,  near  Eleventh  street 
and  Washington  avenue,  and  a  school  in  a 
private  house  in  the  same  locality. 

There  were  four  separate  schools  in  the 
Washington  building,  two  secondaries  and 
two    primaries,    until    1891,    when     it     was 


combined  under  the  present  Supervising  Prin- 
cipal, Miss  Beulah  H.  Fenimore. 

The  John  Stockdale  School  building  was 
erected  in  1885,  and  was  named  in  honor  of  a 
schoolmaster  who  had  formerly  taught 
Dr.  Andrew  Nebinger,  then  Controller 
of  the  Section.  The  school  which  was 
placed  in  this  building  had  previously 
been  known  as  the  Western  Secondary 
and  Primary  School,  and  had  been  lo- 
cated successively  on  Temple  street,  a  small 
thoroughfare  south  of  Carpenter  street,  be- 
tween Twelfth  and  Thirteenth,  and  in  a  pri- 
vate house  at  1007  South  Twelfth  street.     It 


MRS.  JOSEPHINE  RIICHIE. 

was  generally  known  as  the  Temple  Street 
School.  At  that  time  Mrs.  Josephine  Ritchie 
was  Principal  of  the  Secondary  School,  and 
when  the  secondary  and  primary  grades  were 
consolidated  in  1895,  she  was  elected  Prin- 
cipal. 

For  many  years  Dr.  George  W.  Nebinger, 
above  referred  to,  was  Controller  of  the  Sec- 
tion. At  his  death  his  brother,  Dr.  Andrew 
Nebinger,  succeeded  him,  and  he,  in  turn, 
was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Robert  Nebinger,  an- 
other brother.  Dr.  A.  W.  Duval  next  repre- 
sented the  Section,  and  was  succeeded  by  the 
present  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 


S.,.,/.  .s*^/?-^'0^-- . 


WHARTON  COMBINED  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 

Fifth  Street,  below  Washington  Avenue. 

Second  Section. 


cation  from   the  Second   Section,   x\very  D. 
Harrington. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Second  Section  in  1896  was  Dr.  Joseph 
L.  Mann,  born  in  Philadelphia,  February  17, 
1858;  elected  a  Director  in  1887:  has  served 
as  President  for  the  last  four  years. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  in  1896  was 
George  N.  Lowery;  born  in  Philadelphia  in 


DR.  JOSEPH  L.  MANN. 

1857;  elected  a  Director  in  1887;  chosen 
Secretary  in  1888;  was  for  three  years  an  at- 
tache of  the  City  Controller's  office. 

George  B.  Blizzard  was  born  in  Chester, 
Pa.;  elected  a  Director  in  the  Second  Section 
in  1893. 

John  Irving  Dillon  was  born  in  Wilkes- 
Barre,  Pa.,  October  25,  1870;  elected  a 
Director  in  1895;  is  editorially  connected  with 
'The  Call." 


Thomas  F.  McMahon  was  born  in  County 
Clare,  Ireland,  October  30,  1847;  elected  a 
Director  in  1886. 

Alonzo  North  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
August  29,  1843;  elected  a  Director  in  1891, 
and  again  in  1895. 

Robert  Kern  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Feb- 
ruary 3,  1856;  elected  a  Director  in  1895. 

John  Augustus  Reade  was  born  in  Cecil 
County,  Md.,  May  28,  1846;  elected  a  Di- 
rector in  1894. 


GEORGE  N.  LOWERY. 

Gustavus  A.  Ricketts  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia January  20,  1854;  elected  a  Director  in 
1890  and  again  in  1894;  was  printer  in  Phila- 
delphia Post  Office  during  Harrison's  ad- 
ministration. 

John  W.  Schaal  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
in  1856;  elected  a  Director  in  1894. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  David 
Phillips  and  William  Welsh. 


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Schools  of  the  Third  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Third  Ward  of  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Third  Section  of  the  First  School  District  of 
Pennsylvania,  are  Broad  street  to  Fitzwater, 
to  Passyunk  avenue,  to  German,  to  Second, 
to  Mead,  to  Svvanson,  to  Catharine,  to  the 
Delaware  River,  to  Christian,  to  Broad. 

The  schools  of  the  Third  Section  are  as  fol- 
lows: Mt.  Vernon  Grammar  School  (for  boys), 
Catharine  street  above  Third,  Geoffrey  Buck- 
waiter,  Supervising  Principal;  Grammar 
School  for  Girls  and  Primary  Schools,  same 
building;  Florence  Combined  Secondary  and 
Primary  School,  Catharine  street  below 
Eighth,  Kate  H.  Bunting,  Supervising  Princi- 
pal; Fletcher  Combined  Secondary  and  Pri- 
mary School,  Christian  street  above  Front, 
Elizabeth  A.  McGuire,  Supervising  Principal; 
Lyons  Combined  Secondary  and  Primary 
School,  Catharine  street  above  Tenth,  and 
Christian  street  below  Sixth,  Mary  G.  Des- 
mond, Supervising  Principal;  Beck  School, 
Catharine  street  above  Sixth,  Helen  B.  Beg- 
ley,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i,  Catharine 
street  above  Sixth,  Virginia  B.  Jacobs, 
teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  2,  Catharine  street 
above  Tenth,  Anna  M.  Duncan,  teacher. 

In  conformity  with  the  provisions  of  the 
Act  of  181 8,  four  schools  were  established 
that  year  in  the  Third  Section,  which  included 
the  Districts  of  Southwark  and  Moyamen- 
sing.  Two  of  these  schools  met  in  Paul  Beck's 
school-house  and  two  in  Commissioners' 
Hall,  Second  street  below  Queen.  In  1821, 
the  last  named  schools  were  moved  to  Catha- 
rine above  Third,  and  were  designated  the 
Catharine  Street   School,  the  name.   Mount 


Vernon,  not  being  given  until  1848.  The  first 
Principal  was  Samuel  F.  Watson,  in  the  boys' 
and  Mary  Nagle,  in  the  girls'  school.  The 
teaching  was  in  accordance  with  the  Lancas- 
terian  system. 

In  1828  a  change  was  made  by  the  Board  of 
School  Controllers,  and  the  District  of  South- 
wark alone  became  the  Third  Section,  while 
the  District  of  Moyamensing  was  called  the 
Ninth  Section.  Joseph  Patrick,  still  living, 
relates  that  in  1832,  during  the  cholera  epi- 
demic the  pupils  of  the  Catharine  Street 
School  were  notified  oy  the  Principal  that  the 
city  authorities  had  taken  possession  of  the 
building  for  a  cholera  hospital  and  that  there 
would  be  no  school  until  the  disease  had 
abated. 

This  occurred  early  in  June,  and  it  was  not 
until  late  in  the  year  that  the  pupils  returned 
to  school. 

The  Beck  School  on  Catharine  street  above 
Sixth,  used  originally  for  free  school  purposes, 
was  secured  by  the  public  school  authorities 
in  1895,  and  is  occupied  entirely  by  primary 
grades  and  a  kindergarten.  Mrs.  Helen  B. 
Begley,  one  of  the  leading  teachers  in  the  city,, 
was  unanimously  elected  the  first  Principal 
and  already  has  made  it  a  model  school. 

The  schools  of  the  Third  Section  have  always 
held  a  foremost  place  in  the  City  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  to  the  Third  Section  is  due  the 
credit  of  recognizing  the  worth  of  women  as 
teachers  of  boys.  In  1868  the  Board  of  Di- 
rectors elected  Mrs.  M.  A.  McManus  Prin- 
cipal of  the  Boys'  Grammar  School,  she  hav- 
ing held  a  corresponding  position  in  the  girls^ 
school  for  five  vears.     W^hen  her  confirmation 


was  asked  for  from  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation, that  body  refused  to  grant  it  because 
it  was  an  "innovation."  The  local  Board  ap- 
pealed to  the  courts  for  a  mandamus,  which 
was  issued,  and  the  confirmation  was 
secured.  Mrs.  McManus  occupied  this  posi- 
tion until  December  31,  1895,  when  she  re- 
tired. 

During  her  term  of  service  in  the 
Mt.  Vernon  School  Mrs.  McManus  was 
recognized  by  school  authorities  and 
parents  as  one  of  the  best  teachers 
in  Philadelphia.  Of  a  kindly,  genial 
disposition,  ever  ready  to  personally  help  the 


To  the  last  named  belongs  the  credit  of 
having  the  various  schools  of  the  Third  Sec- 
tion placed  under  the  control  of  Supervising 
Principals.  The  first  to  be  so  organized  was 
the  James  W.  Fletcher,  in  1892,  followed  the 
next  year  by  the  Thomas  B.  Florence.  In 
1895,  two  school  buildings,  the  Lyons  and 
Springer,  were  placed  under  one  Principal,  and 
finally,  at  the  beginning  of  1896,  the  Mt. 
Vernon  Schools  were  united  under  the  pres- 
ent Principal,  GeofTrey  Buckwalter. 


MRS.  M.  A.  McMANUS. 


backward  pupil  and  to  encourage  the  bright 
one,  she  gained  the  regard  of  all  who  were 
fortunate  enough  to  spend  their  earlier  school 
days  with  her,  while  as  a  disciplinarian  she 
possessed  the  rare  faculty  of  enforcing  order 
without  incurring  the  ill-will  of  the  pupils. 
Her  voluntary  retirement  from  the  school  was 
the  occasion  of  a  farewell  scene  that  will  prob- 
ably never  be  duplicated. 

The  members  of  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation from  the  Third  Section,  since  the  Act 
of  Consolidation,  are  as  follows:  Alexander 
Greaves,  Washington  J.  Jackson,  Charles 
Welsh,  James  W.  Fletcher,  Washington  J. 
Jackson,  Samuel  F.  Flood  and  the  present 
incumbent,  Joseph  D.  Murphy. 


MRS.  HELEN  B.  BEGLEV. 

Some  of  the  Principals  of  the  Mt.  Vernon 
School  have  become  distinguished  in  other 
educational  institutions,  notably  Thomas  May 
Peirce,  deceased,  and  H.  Y.  Lauderback,  who 
established  business  colleges  in  this  city; 
George  W.  Fetter,  who  left  the  Mt.  Vernon 
School  to  become  Principal  of  the  Normal 
School,  and  George  W.  Schock,  who  resigned 
to  become  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  the 
Central  High  School. 

Graduates  of  the  schools  of  the  Third  Sec- 
tion are  eminent  in  every  walk  of  life,  and  it 
will  not  be  amiss  to  mention  a  few  of  them. 
In  the  U.  S.  Navy  are  James  McQ.  Forsyth, 


336 


Commander;  John  Borthwick.  engineer,  and 
W.  P.  Simon,  surgeon.  Among  Philadel- 
phia's prominent  lawyers  are  Henry  R. 
Edmunds,  U.  S.  Commissioner;  Michael  F. 
McCullen,  Assistant  United  States  District- 
Attorney,  and  Thomas  W.  Barlow,  Assistant 
District-Attorney  for  the  City  of  Philadel- 
phia. This  section  also  has  the  honor  of 
having  graduated   Rev.    Ignatius   F.    Horst- 


185 1 ;  elected  a  member  of  the  Board  in  1887; 
chosen  secretary  in  1894. 

Joseph  C.  Cree  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
August  2,  1861;  elected  a  director  in  1894. 

Thomas  A.  Cullen  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
June  20,  i860;  elected  a  member  of  the  Board 
in  1895. 

Frederick  J.  Cuneo  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, September  24,  1870;  elected  a  director  in 
1896. 


JOSEPH  D.  MURPHY. 

man.  Catholic  Bishop  of  Cleveland,  O.,  and 
Henry  George,  of  Single  Tax  fame. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Third  Section  in  1896  was  Joseph  D. 
Murphy,  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation from  that  Section.  [For  biography 
see  page  yy.] 

The  secretary  of  the  Board  was  Harry  T. 
Kingston;  born  in  Philadelphia,  February  9, 


^^pf^^^pTO 


HARRY  T.  KINGSTON. 

Dr.  John  H.  Remig  was  born  in  New  York, 
October  25,  1870;  elected  a  director  in  1895; 
is  district  physician. 

Dr.  David  A.  Rosenthal  was  born  in 
Odessa,  Russia,  in  1868;  elected  a  director  in 
1896. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Victor 
Fermani,  Joseph  M.  Gore,  C.  A.  Harris,  John 
S.  Kennelly,  Jr.,  James  McGucken  and  Henry 
J.  Trainer. 


239 


BECK  SCHOOL, 

Catharine  Street,  above  Sixth. 
Third  Section. 


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Schools  of  the  Fourth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Fourth  Ward  of  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Fourth  Section  of  the  First  School  District 
of  Pennsylvania,  are  Broad  street,  along  Fitz- 
water  street  to  Passyunk  avenue,  to  German 
street,  to  Mead  street,  to  Swanson  street, 
to  Catharine  street,  to  the  Delaware  River, 
to  South  street,  to  Broad  street. 

The  schools  of  the  Fourth  Section  are  as 
follows:     Ringgold     Grammar     School     (for 


School  No.  I,  Guilford  and  Bainbridge 
streets.  Rose  McNeill,  Principal;  Primary 
No.  2,  same  building,  Mary  A.  Byrne,  Prin- 
cipal; Primary  No.  3,  Fifth  street  above 
German,  Ella  F.  Hasson,  Principal;  Primary 
No.  4,  same  building,  Mary  T.  Mullin,  Prin- 
cipal; Primary  No.  5,  Nos.  605-9  Fitzwater 
street,  Susan  A.  Ferry,  Principal;  Primary 
No.  6,  same  building,  Caroline  Creth,  Prin- 


WM.  HENRY  PARKER. 

boys).  Eighth  and  Fitzwater  streets,  W. 
Henry  Parker,  Principal;  Grammar  School 
for  girls,  same  building,  Mary  Maxwell,  Prin- 
cipal; Ringgold  Secondary  School,  Eighth 
and  Fitzwater  streets,  Mary  E.  Helmbold, 
Principal;  Fagen  Secondary  School,  Twelfth 
street  above  Fitzwater,  Mary  T.  McGet- 
tigan,  Principal;  William  M.  Meredith  Sec- 
ondary School,  Fifth  street  above  German 
Mary      F.       Belcher,       Principal;      Primary 


MISS  MARY  MAXWELL. 


cipal;  Primary  No.  7,  Twelfth  street  above 
Fitzwater,  Annie  Newgarden,  Principal; 
Primary  No.  8,  same  building,  Margaret  T. 
Steen,  Principal;  Primary  No.  9,  Eighth  and 
Fitzwater  streets,  Lizzie  McKeown,  Princi- 
pal; Kindergarten  No.i,  No.  921  Bainbridge 
street,  C.  Jessie  Buggy,  teacher;  Kinder- 
garten No.  2,  Zella  R.  Nicholson,  teacher; 
Kindergarten  No.  3,  No.  703  South  Twelfth 
street,  Emilie  O'Donnell,  teacher. 


The  first  school  organized  within  the  Hmits 
of  what  is  now  the  Fourth  Section,  was 
established  in  a  rented  building  in  1818,  and 
called  the  Moyamensing  School.  The  first 
teachers  were  Peter  McGowan  and  Ann 
Dolby,  and  they  continued  in  service  in  this 
school  for  a  number  of  years.  William 
Roberts  was  later  the  Principal  of  the  boys' 
department. 

The  Ringgold  School  is  the  outgrowth  of 
this    old    Moyamensing    School.     In     it     a 


WILLIAM  J.  MANNING. 

number    of    Philadelphia's    well-known    men 
received  their  early  education. 

The  history  of  the  Fagen  and  Meredith 
Schools  dates  back  a  number  of  years,  the 
building  of  the  former  being  erected  about 
1867  and  that  of  the  latter  in  the  early  '70's. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  president  of  the  board  of  directors  of 
the  Fourth  Section  in  1896  was  William  j. 
Manning,  the  Section's  representative  in  the 


Board  of  Public  Education.  [For  biography 
see  page  78.] 

The  secretary  of  the  board  was  John  F. 
Snyder;  born  in  Philadelphia,  February  5,. 
1857;  elected  a  director  in  1891;  chosen 
secretary  in  1894. 

William  H.  P.  Barnes  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, February  19,  1834;  elected  a  director 
in  1895;  is  an  ex-member  of  Common  Coun- 
cil. 

Richard  Hazard  was  Ijorn  in  Philadelphia, 
February  i,  1856;  elected  a  director  in  1896; 
is  an  ex-membei  of  Common  Council. 


JOHN  F.  SNYDER. 

James  Mealey  was  born  on  August  20, 
1834;  elected  a  director  in  1894. 

William  Notson  Seary  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, February  21,  1867;  elected  a  di- 
rector in  1896. 

Isaac  Wright  was  born  in  Parkesburg,  Pa., 
in  1837;  elected  a  director  in  1890. 

Other  members  of  the  board  were  Thomas 
B.  Brown,  Henry  K.  Bunting,  John  D. 
Kessler,  James  Mclntire,  Thomas  Smyth,  Jr. 


246 


BURK  ac  M?FrrRlD5t  Co 


RINGGOLD  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL, 

Northeast  corner  Eighth  and  Fitzwater  Streets. 
Fourth  Section. 


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Schools  of  the  Fifth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Fifth  Ward  of  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Fifth  Section  of  the  First  School  District  of 
Pennsylvania,  are  Seventh  street,  the  Dela- 
ware River,  South  and  Chestnut  streets. 

The  schools  of  the  Fifth  Section  are  as  fol- 
lows: Horace  Binney  Combined  Grammar, 
Secondary  and  Primary.  Spruce  street  below 
Sixth,  Alfred  V.  Sayre,  Supervising  Principal; 
George  M.  Wharton  Combined  Secondary 
and  Primary,  Third  street  below  Pine,  Rosa- 
lie J-  Dunton,  Supervising  Principal;  Kinder- 
garten No.  I,  307  Lombard  street,  Louise 
Kimmell.  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  2, 
Spruce  street  below  Sixth,  Alice  E.  Rahn, 
teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  3,100  Pine  street, 
Alice  D.  Campbell,  teacher. 

The  Horace  Binney  School  had  its  origin 
in  the  Southeast  School,  which  was  opened 
in  a  brick  building  on  Front  street  below 
Pine,  February  4,  1834.  The  PHncipal  of  the 
boys'  department  was  James  M.  Bird  and  the 
girls'  department  was  under  the  principalship 
of  Susan  D.  Johnston. 

In  1861  the  latter  department  was  re- 
moved to  a  private  house  at  254  South  Sec- 
ond street,  noted  as  the  birthplace  of  Gen- 
eral George  B.  McClellan,  and  ten  years  later 
both  the  boys'  and  girls'  schools  were  re- 
moved to  the  school  building  on  Third  street 
below  Pine,  forming  the  George  M.  Wharton 
School.  Li  1874  the  pupils  of  the  grammar 
departments  were  removed  to  the  Horace 
Binney  School. 

The  Horace  Binney  building  was  not  a  new 
one  at  that  time.  It  had  formerly  been  a 
church.     In  1873  the  body  chosen  to  revise 


the  Constitution  of  Pennsylvania  met  in  this 
building.  After  the  convention  had  con- 
cluded its  sessions  the  city  obtained  posses- 
sion of  it,  and  remodeled  it  for  school  pur- 
poses. To-day  the  grammar  grades  occupy 
that  part  of  the  building  which  was  the  body 
of  the  church,  and  the  primary  grades  are  in 
the  Sunday-school  portion. 

The  two  departments  of  the  school  were 
united  in    1887,   and   Professor  Nicholas   H. 


MISS  ROSALIE  J.  DUNTON. 

Maguire  was  elected  Supervising  Principal- 
He  was  succeeded,  in  1895,  by  Alfred  V. 
Sayre,  the  present  Principal. 

When  the  grammar  grades  were  removed 
from  the  Wharton  to  the  Binney  School 
building,  in  1874,  two  secondary  and  three 
primary  schools  were  placed  in  the  Wharton 
building.  In  1894  these  schools  were  reor- 
ganized as  a  combined  secondary  and  primary 


school,  under  the  present  Supervising  Prin- 
cipal, Miss  Rosalie  J.  Dunton. 

For  many  years  a  school  was  conducted  in 
the  building  now  occupied  by  the  James  For- 
ten  Elementary  Manual  Training  School,  un- 
der the  control  of  the  Directors  of  the  Fifth 


JOSEPH  GEORGE  BOYD. 

Section.     It  was  originally  a  grammar  and 
primary  school. 

Since  1854  the  Fifth  Section  has  been  rep- 
resented in  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
successively  by  Richard  Montgomery,  John 


R.  Angney,  M.  D..  Thomas  Fitzgerald, 
Michael  McGeoy,  James  H.  Gaw,  Jacob 
Reed,  Lewis  C.  Cassidy  and  John  M.  Camp- 
bell. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
of  the  Fifth  Section  in  1896  was  Joseph 
George  Boyd;  born  in  Milton,  Pa.,  August 
II,  1852;  elected  a  Director  in  1893;  chosen 
President  in  1896. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Joseph  E. 
Lipman. 

Cadwallader  D.  B.  Balbirnie  was  born  in 
England,  September  28,  1869;  elected  a  Di- 
rector in  1896. 

Robert  Cottingham  was  born  in  Ireland, 
August  28,  1848;  elected  a  Director  in  1894. 

Edward  F.  Meanywas  born  in  Norristown, 
December  8,  1852;  elected  a  Director  in  1890. 

Dr.  William  H.  Wells  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia September  25,  1859;  elected  a  Director 
in  1896. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
were  John  F.  Doyle,  Charles  Ebert,  Henry  S. 
Martin,  Thomas  Mongiven,  Samuel  Ray  and 
George  J.  Brodwater. 


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Schools  of  the  Sixth  Section 


The  boiiiularies  of  the  Sixth  Ward  of  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Sixth  Section  of  the  First  School  District  of 
Pennsylvania,  are  Seventh  street,  the  Dela- 
ware River,  Chestnut  and  Vine  streets. 

The  schools  of  the  Sixth  Section  at  the 
beginning  of  1896  were  as  follows:  North- 
eastern Grammar  School,  Crown  and  Race 
streets.  Andrew  Macfarlane,  M.  D.,  Principal; 
Secondary  No.   i.  Crown  street  above  Race, 


DR.  ANDREW  MACFARLANE. 

Elizabeth  A.  Fitzpatrick,  Principal;  Second- 
ary No.  2,  same  building,  Margaret  C.  Mead, 
Principal;  Primary  School  No.  i,  New  street 
above  Front,  Susan  E.  Patterson,  Principal; 
Primary  No.  2,  Crown  and  Race  streets, 
Elizabeth  Wright,  Principal;  Kindergarten 
No.  I,  Crown  street  above  Race,  Margaret  J. 
Parke,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  2,  New 
street  below  Second,  Grace  W^hite,  Principal. 


The  New  Street  School  was  established 
some  years  before  consolidation  under  the 
name  of  the  Northeast  Public  School.  The 
building  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1850,  and  re- 
built the  following  year. 

In  1868  the  Northeastern  Grammar  School 
was  erected  on  a  site  formerly  occupied  by  a 
soldiers'  home,  and  the  grammar  department 
of  the  school  on  New  street  was  transferred 
to  the  Crown  and  Race  streets  building.  The 
New  Street  School  then  became  Primary 
No.  I. 

In  1889  the  boys'  and  girls'  departments 
of  the  Northeastern  School  were  organized 
as  a  mixed  school,  under  the  principalship  of 
Dr.  Andrew  Macfarlane,  and  in  September, 
1896,  the  Northeastern  School  and  the  Sec- 
ondary Schools  on  Crown  street  above  Race 
were  combined  as  a  mixed  grammar,  second- 
ary and  primary  school,  with  Dr.  Macfarlane 
as  Supervising  Principal. 

The  number  of  distinguished  men  who  were 
pupils  in  the  Sixth  Section  included  the  late 
Congressman  Samuel  J.  Randall,  the  late  ex- 
Mayor  Richard  Vaux,  the  late  ex-Governor 
of  New  Jersey,  Leon  Abbett,  and  ex-Governor 
of  Pennsylvania  Robert  E.  Pattison. 

The  following  have  represented  the  Sixth 
Section  in  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
since  1867:  Madison  R.  Harris,  John  Shed- 
den,  Dr.  H.  S.  Deputy,  Charles  H.  Le  Fevre, 
Casper  W.  Findley,  Theodore  A.  Freeman  and 
John  P.  Gloninger. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Sixth  Section  in  1896  was  C.  Augustus 
Widmayer;  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  August 


2,  18395  elected  a  Director  in  1878;  chosen 
President  in  1886. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Frank  P. 
Sheeran;  born  in  Philadelphia,  February  15, 
1856;  elected  a  Director  in  1882:  chosen  Sec- 
retary in  1884. 


Thomas  Kennedy  was  born  in  Ireland,  Au- 
gust 22,  1847;  elected  a  Director  in  1893. 

Aaron  G.  Krause  was  born  in  Pottsgrove. 
Pa.,  in  1842;  elected  a  Director  in  1896. 

John  P.  Sidle  was  born  in  Lisburn,  Cum- 
berland County,  Pa.;  elected  a  Director  in 
1890. 


C.  AUGUSTUS  WIDMAYER 


Dr.  William  R.  Gieser  was  born  in  Dover, 
Del.,  January  9,  1859;  elected  a  Director  in 
1896. 

Charles  A.  Getzinger  was  born  in  Balti- 
more, Md.,  October  18,  1855:  elected  a  Di- 
rector in  1887;  is  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  City 
Controller. 


FRANK  p.  SHEERAN. 


Other  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
were  John  A.  Addis,  Charles  L.  Hartman, 
George  W.  Holzworth,  Dr.  A.  P.  Kellar  and 
James  Nolan. 


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Schools  of  the  Seventh  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Seventh  Ward  of  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Seventh  Section  of  the  First  School  District 
of  Pennsylvania,  are  Seventh  street,  the 
Schuylkill  River.  South  and  Spruce  streets. 

The  schools  of  the  Seventh  Section  are  as 
follows:  U.  S.  Grant  Combined  Grammar  and 
Secondary.  Seventeenth  and  Pine  streets. 
Thomas  G.  Gentry.  Sc.  D..  Supervising  Prin- 
cipal: J.  S.  Ramsey  Combined  Secondary  and 
Primary.  Pine  and  Quince  streets.  Agnes 
Martin,  Supervising  Principal;  Secondary  and 
Primary  School.  Twenty-third  street  above 
Lombard,  Kate  L.  Caldwell.  Principal:  Alice 
Lippincott  Secondary  School,  Nineteenth  and 
Addison  streets,  Annie  J.  Crosby,  Principal: 
Octavius  V.  Catto  Secondary  School  (col- 
ored), Lombard  street  above  Twentieth. 
Caroline  R.  Le  Count.  Principal:  Alice  Lip- 
pincott Primary  School  No.  i.  Nineteenth 
and  Addison  streets,  Elizabeth  W.  Guy,  Prin- 
cipal; Alice  Lippincott  Primary  School  No. 
2,  Nineteenth  and  Addison  streets,  Julia  B. 
Harper,  Principal:  Kindergarten  No.  i.  1120 
Pine  street.  Anna  J.  McDonough,  Principal: 
Kindergarten  No.  2,  Twenty-third  street 
above  Lombard,  Amelia  Sage,  Principal; 
Kindergarten  No.  3.  Lombard  street  above 
Twentieth,  Melinda  J.  Amos.  Principal;  Kin- 
dergarten No.  4.  Nineteenth  and  Addison 
streets,  Sarah  S.  Rawlins.  Principal. 

The  first  school  that  was  organized  in  what 
is  now  the  Seventh  Section  was  located  on 
Spruce  street  near  Rittenhouse  square,  and 
was  opened  in  1826  under  the  name  of  the 
Southwestern  School.  The  first  teacher 
mentioned  in  the  records  was  John  D.  Bird. 
In    1838  the   school   was   transferred   to   the 


building  which  is  still  standing  near  Twenty- 
third  and  Lombard  streets.  This  build- 
ing was  used  exclusively  as  a  boys'  school. 
William  Wallace  Wood  was  its  first  Principal, 
and  the  school  soon  came  to  be  called 
"Wood's  School."  The  name  has  clung  to  it 
to  the  present  day. 

There  was  an  infant  school  established  in 
this  liuilding.  Jt  afterward  became  a  primary 
and  still  later  a  secondary  school.  In  1843, 
Primary  No.  3  was  opened  on  Lombard  street 
above  Eleventh,  and  in  1848  a  school  known 
as  Primary  No.  18  was  established  on  Lom- 
bard street  west  of  Thirteenth.  In  this  year 
the  Southwestern  Schools  w^re  called  the 
Hamilton  Schools. 

At  the  time  of  Consolidation,  1854,  a  new 
primary  known  as  No.  5  was  organized  in  a 
building  on  Lombard  street  near  Twentieth, 
and  Secondary  No.  4  was  opened  in  the 
Wood's  building. 

During  the  year  1861  the  Southwestern 
Grammar  Schools  were  transferred  to  the 
building  at  Nineteenth  and  Addison  streets. 

In  1895  Primary  No.  3  became  known  as 
Primary  No.  2,  and  Primary  No.  5  became 
Primary  No  4.  In  June  of  the  same  year  the 
schools  at  Twenty-third  and  Lombard  streets 
were  consolidated  under  the  principalship  of 
Miss  Kate  L.  Caldwell. 

For  more  than  forty  years  the. John  S. 
Ramsey  School  was  known  as  the  Pine  and 
Quince  Streets  School.  In  the  year  1850  the 
sum  of  $6,275  was  appropriated  for  the  erec- 
tion of  the  building.  In  the  records  of  1854 
the  following  schools  are  mentioned  as  oc- 
cupying the  building:  Secondary  No.  2  (for 
boys);    Secondary    No.    3    (for    girls),    and 


Primary  No.  i.  Primary  No.  6  was  organ- 
ized in  the  same  building  about  1868,  and  the 
following  year  Secondary  No.  2  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Seventeenth  and  Pine  streets 
building.  Agnes  Martin  became  Principal  of 
the  Pine  and  Quince  Streets  School  in  1888. 

In  1893  the  school  was  organized  and 
placed  under  supervision.  In  1894  the  name 
was  changed  to  that  which  it  now  bears,  in 
honor  of  the  late  John  S.  Ramsey,  M.  D.,  who 
was  prominently  identified  with  the  school 
interests  of  the  Seventh  Section. 

The  Alice  Lippincott  Schools  were  formerly 
called  the  Nineteenth  and  Addison  Streets 
Schools.     They  were  organized  early  in  the 


Owing  to  the  increase  in  population  in  the 
Seventh  Section,  and  the  consequent  increase 
in  the  number  of  pupils  desiring  admission  tO' 
the  schools,  a  school  was  established  in  1869, 
in  a  new  building  at  Seventeenth  and  Pine 
streets.  It  was  then  called  the  Southwest- 
ern School.  Edward  Gideon  was  the  first 
Principal  of  the  Boys'  Grammar  School  in 
the  new  building.  There  were  several 
changes  in  the  principalship,  and  in  1884  the 
present  Supervising  Principal,  Thomas  G. 
Gentry,  Sc.  D.,  became  the  head  of  the  school. 

Dr.  Gentry  is  a  native  of  Holmesburg,  Pa.,, 
and  was  educated  in  the  Central  High  School 
of      this      city.        Soon      after      graduation, 


JOHN  S.  RAMSEY,  M.  D. 


THOMAS  G.  GENTRY,  Sc.  D. 


'50's,  and  were  probably  formed  by  the  group- 
ing of  a  number  of  small  schools  in  that  local- 
ity. The  schools  in  this  building  were  Pri- 
maries No.  2  and  No.  3  (both  for  boys),  and 
Primary  No.  4  (for  girls).  Since  that  time 
other  schools  have  been  transferred  to  the 
Nineteenth  and  Addison  streets  building,  and 
in  1895  the  school-house  was  named  the  Alice 
Lippincott  School,  in  honor  of  the  late  Mrs. 
J.  Dundas  Lippincott,  a  leading  society 
woman  of  Philadelphia.  During  the  summer 
of  1896  the  building  was  entirely  remodeled, 
and  now  presents  an  imposing  appearance. 


he  entered  upon  what  has  proved  to- 
be  a  most  successful  career  as  a 
teacher.  He  is  a  scientist  and  scholar  of 
splendid  attainments  and  high  repute.  He  is 
the  author  of  several  books  on  scientific  sub- 
jects, and  is  connected  with  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  and  other  organizations  of  a 
similar  character."  In  1888  he  received  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Science  from  the  Chicago- 
Academy  of  Sciences. 

In  1885  the  name  of  the  Southwestern 
School  was  changed  to  the  U.  S.  Grant 
School.     In  1890  the  schools  in  this  building: 


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were  combined  and  placed  under  supervision. 
Dr.  Gentry  being  chosen  Supervising  Princi- 
pal. 

The  first  cooking  school  established  in  an 
elementary  public  school  was  in  the  Grant 
School.    It  was  organized  in  October,  1893. 

The  Octavius  V.  Catto  Colored  School  had 
its  origin  in  a  private  school,  taught  by  Mrs. 
C.  A.  Atwell,  nee  Jennings,  in  the  early  '6o's. 
Miss  Jennings  was  a  graduate  of  the  Institute 
for  Colored  Youth,  and  started  a  school  for 
colored  children  at  her  home.  South  street 
above  Tenth.  It  grew^  rapidly  in  numbers, 
and  she  applied  to  the  Board  of  Directors  of 


street,  a  small  thoroughfare  running  east 
from  Twelfth  street,  below  Pine.  Here 
the  school  was  opened  as  a  Colored  Unclassi- 
fied School,  with  Miss  Jennings  as  Principal. 
In  1867  the  latter  resigned  and  Miss  Caroline 
R.  LeCount,  the  present  principal  of  the 
Catto  School,  was  chosen  to  succeed  her. 

In  1878  the  present  building  was  erected. 
It  was  named  in  honor  of  Octavius  V.  Catto, 
who  was  at  one  time  connected  with  the  In- 
stitute for  Colored  Youth. 

The  Principal,  Miss  LeCount,  is  the  veteran 
public  school  teacher  among  her  people,  and 
was  the  first  among  them  to  receive  from  the 


STRICKLAND  KNEASS  SHEDAKER. 


THOMAS  DURHAM. 


the  Fourth  Section,  in  which  she  resided,  to 
take  the  school  under  its  control.  The  di- 
rectors would  consent  to  take  it  only  on  the 
condition  that  Miss  Jennings  would  relinquish 
the  principalship  and  take  an  assistant's  posi- 
tion. This  she  declined  to  do,  and  later  a 
similar  application  was  made  by  her  to  the 
Seventh  Section  School  Board,  and  was  favor- 
ably acted  upon. 

In  1863  a  room  was  rented  in  Ma- 
sonic Hall,  Eleventh  below  Pine,  and 
to  this  the  school  was  transferred.  In 
1864     a     building     w^as      rented     on     Ohio 


Board  of  Public  Education  a    certificate    of 
qualification  to  teach. 

The  representative  of  the  Seventh  Section 
in  the  Board  of  Public  Education  for  many 
years,  prior  to  the  appointment  of  the  present 
member.  Miss  Anna  Hallowell,  was  Lewis 
Elkin. 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Seventh  Section  in  1896  w-as  Thomas 
Durham;  born  near  Belfast,  Ireland.  February 


265 


I,  1823;   elected  a  Director  in  1872;    chosen 
President  in  1880  and  asrain  in  1886. 


MRS.  C.  A.  ATWELL. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Strickland 
Kneass     Shedaker;     born     in     Philadelphia, 


b^brnary  i,  1863;  elected  a  Director  in  1890; 
chosen  Secretary  in  1893. 

William  H.  Fagen  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
November  26,  1856;  elected  a  Director  in 
1896;  is  an  inspector  of  customs. 

Dr.  Edwin  Clarence  Howard  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  October  21,  1846;  elected  a 
Director  in  1892. 

Frank  J.  Pryor,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Pottsville, 
Pa.,  July  22,  1866;  elected  a  Director  in  1894. 

James  Alexander  Russell  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia, September  12,  1852;  elected  a  Di- 
rector in  1893;  is  chief  bill  clerk  in  the  Bureau 
of  Water. 

Edwin  Jaquett  Sellers  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, July  25,  1865;  elected  a  Director  in 
]895. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  William 
J.  Barton,  Louis  K.  Esray,  M.  D.,  Robert 
Hastings,  Charles  L.  Leiper  and  William  P. 
Price. 


OCTAVIUS  V.  CATTO  SECONDARY  SCHOOL-COLORED, 

Lombard  Street,  above  Twentieth. 

Seventh  Section. 


267 


Schools  of  the  Eighth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Eighth  Ward  of  the 
City  of  Pliiladelphia.  which  comprises  the 
Eighth  Section  of  the  First  School  District 
of  Pennsylvania,  are  Seventh  street  and  the 
Schuylkill  River,  Chestnut  and  Spruce  streets. 

The  schools  of  the  Eighth  Section  are  as 
follows:  Locust  Street  Combined  Grammar 
School,  Twelfth  and  Locust  streets,  S. 
Matilda  Scott,  Acting  Principal;  Hollings- 
worth  Combined  Secondary  and  Primary 
Schools,  Locust  street  above  Broad,  Anna  L 
McCormick.  Supervising  Principal;  Garfield 
Primary  School,  Twenty-second  and  Locust 
streets,  Sallie  A.  Long,  Principal;  Kinder- 
garten No.  I,  Twenty-second  and  Locust 
streets,  Adele  W.Mackenzie,  teacher;  Kinder- 
garten No.  2,  Locust  street  below  Fifteentli. 
F.  M.  Kellogg,  teacher. 

The  Locust  Street  School  is  one  of  the  old- 
est in  the  city  and  has  graduated  many  who 
have  become  distinguished  citizens.  It  was 
originally  located  near  Sixth  and  Loml:)ard 
streets,  and  was  removed  to  the  building  at 
Twelfth  and  Locust  streets  in  October,  1828. 
William  S.  Cleavenger  was  the  Principal  of 
the  boys'  school  until  1857.  He  was  succeed- 
ed by  William  Stirling,  who  was  followed  by 
Miss  S.  Matilda  Scott. 

The  Principal  of  the  girls' school  up  to  1842 
was  Eliza  R.  Eastburn,  and  her  successors 
were  Elizabeth  H.  Cox,  Catharine  Gillingham 
and  Sarah  McGonegal.  Miss  McGonegal  wan 
Principal  from  May,  1854,  until  December, 
1895,  when  the  schools  were  combined.  She 
is  in  every  way  a  remarkable  woman,  and 
thousands  of  pupils  who  passed  through  the 
school  during  her  forty-one  years  as  Principal 


refer  with  enthusiasm  to  her  beneficent  influ- 
ence.* The  teachers  under  her  were  also  im- 
pressed by  her  personality,  and  one  of  them, 
Miss  Anna  H.  Hall,  now  Principal  of  the 
School  of  Observation  and  Practice,  recently 
stated  that  she  felt  she  ow^ed  whatever  success 
she  had  attained  as  a  teacher  to  the  training 
which  she  received  under  Miss  McGonegal. 


MISS  S.  MATILDA  SCOTT. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  a  few  of  the 
many  prominent  men  who  were  pupils  in  the 
Locust  Street  School:  Mayor  Charles  F.  War- 
wick; Richardson  L.  Wright  and  Paul  Kava- 
nagh,  of  the  Board  of  Pubhc  Education; 
Professor  George  Inman  Riche,  a  former 
Principal  of  the  Central  High  School;  Pro- 
fessors James  A.  Kirkpatrick,  a  former  pro- 
fessor, and  Zephaniah   Hopper,   who  is  still 

*  The  author  of  this  work  is  indebted  to  Miss  McGonegal 
for  the  facts  herein  relating  to  the  Locust  Street  School. 


369 


-connected  with  the  faculty  of  the  Central 
High  School;  Rev.  T.  B.  Neely,  Rev.  Jesse  Y. 
Burk,  Charles  Atherton,  George  Hancock, 
Col.  Cecil  Clay,  Alfred  L.  Clay,  Col.  George 
H.  North,  Ensign  John  S.  Griscom,  Dr. 
Charles  S.  Turnbull.  ex-Sheriff  Horatio  P. 
Connell  and  Thomas  J.  Hunt. 

The  Hollingsworth  School,  at  Fifteenth 
and  Locust  streets,  was  built  in  1867.  The 
school  was  organized  by  the  consolidation  of 
a  girls'  secondary,  at  Broad  and  Walnut 
streets;  boys'  secondary  that  had  been  in  the 
American  Protestant  Association's  Hall,  on 
Locust  street;  boys'  primary.  T>ocust  street 


born  in  Philadelphia,  October  19,  1853; 
elected  a  director  in  1889;  chosen  president  in 
1896;  was  assistant  United  States  District 
Attorney  from  1875  to  1885. 

The  secretary  of  the  board  was  J.  Lewis 
Good:  born  in  Philadelphia,  February  4.  1853; 
elected  a  director  in  1880:  chosen  secretary  in 
1882. 

Louis  Alexander  Biddle  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, March  12,  1863;  elected  a  director  in 

1895. 

Col.  Wendell  Phillips  Bowman  was  born  in 
Philadelphia;  elected  director  over  eight  years 


HOOD  GILPIN. 


J    LEWIS  GOOD. 


near  Twelfth,  and  girls*  primary,  221  South 
Sixteenth  street.  The  Principals  of  these 
different  departments  of  the  Hollingsworth 
School  have  been  Lucy  McCuUough,  Martha 
Hollis,  Margaret  Thompson,  Georgiana 
Lewis,  Elizabeth  Kennedy,  Anna  H.  Hall  and 
Anna  L  McCormick.  When  the  school  com- 
bined, in  June,  1891,  Miss  McCormick  be- 
came Supervising  Principal. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  president  of  the  board  of  directors  of 
the  Eighth  Section  in  1896  was  Hood  Gilpin; 


ago;  is  an  officer  in  the  National  Guard  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Thomas  J.  Fahy  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
July  31,  1850;  elected  a  director  in  1895;  is 
connected  with  "The  Evening  Telegraph." 

Horn  R.  Kneass  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
February  10,  1846;  elected  a  director  in  1889; 
was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Health  for 
eight  years. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  James  J. 
Breen,  James  Burns,  Jr.,  Thomas  P.  Cahill, 
Dr.  J.  M.  Henry,  Dr.  Clara  Marshall  and  John 
F.  Schiedt. 


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273 


LOCUST  STREET  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL, 

Northeast  corner  Twelfth  and  Locust  Streets. 

Eighth  Section. 

(From  an  old  wood  cut.) 


Schools  of  the  Ninth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Ninth  Ward  of  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Ninth  Section  of  the  First  School  District  of 
Pennsylvania,  are  Seventh  street  and  the 
Schuylkill  River,  Chestnut  and  Arch  streets. 

The  schools  of  the  Ninth  Section  are  as 
follows:  Keystone  Grammar  School,  Nine- 
teenth street  above  Chestnut,  Henry  B. 
Whittington,  Principal;  Keystone  Secondary 
School,  same  building,  Margaret  Robinson, 


HENRY  B.  WHITTINGTON. 

Principal;  Primary  No.  i.  Filbert  street  above 
Seventh, dementia  F.  Hutchinson, Principal; 
Primary  No.  2,  Nineteenth  street  above 
Chestnut,  Isabella  Kirkpatrick,  Principal. 

The  oldest  school  building  in  the  Section  is 
the  Zane  Street  School,  as  it  was  called 
for  many  years,  located  on  Filbert  street 
above  Seventh.    This  is  the  buildins:  in  which 


the  Board  of  Public  Education  now  has  its 
offices.  It  was  erected  in  1841,  and  was  origi- 
nally called  the  Washington  School.  In  this 
building  two  schools  were  organized,  one  for 
boys  and  the  other  for  girls.  The  first  Prin- 
cipal of  the  boys'  school  was  William  G.  E. 
Agnew,  while  Lydia  C.  Smith  was  the  first 
Principal  of  the  girls'  school.  In  1868,  owing 
to  the  depopulation  of  the  eastern  end  of  the 
Ward,  the  grammar  departments  were  re- 
moved to  the  Keystone  building,  on  Nine- 
teenth street,  in  which  were  also  placed  n 
boys'  secondary  and  girls'  secondary.  The 
two  grammar  schools  were  under  two  differ- 
ent Principals  until  1896,  Miss  Mary  M.  Con- 
way being  Principal  of  the  girls'  department 
for  several  years.  When  they  were  consoli- 
dated Mr.  Whittington  was  elected  Principal. 

Other  schools  organized  in  the  Ninth  Sec- 
tion, but  which  were  closed  owing  to  the  de- 
population of  the  ward,  included  a  primary 
school  at  Seventeenth  and  Market  streets, 
one  at  Fifteenth  and  Market,  a  primary  and 
secondary  at  Twentieth  and  Filbert  streets, 
a  primary  school  on  Eleventh  street  above 
Market  and  a  school  on  the  south  side  of  Fil- 
bert street  above  Eighth. 

Among  the  prominent  citizens  of  Philadel- 
phia who  were  formerly  pupils  in  the  schools 
of  the  Ninth  Section  are  Mayor  Charles  F. 
Warwick  and  Judge  Abraham  M.  Beitler. 

The  Ninth  Section  was  fortunate  in  being 
represented  for  many  years  in  the  Board  of 
Public  Education  by  James  Freeborn,  ex- 
member  of  the  Legislature,  who  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Directors  for  over  thirty 


years,  and  who  still  acts  as  Secretary,  although 
he  is  not  a  member  of  the  Board.  Mr.  Free- 
born, while  in  the  Legislature,  introduced  and 
brought  about  the  passage  of  the  bill  provid- 
ing for  the  appointment  of  the  members  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Education  by  the  judici- 
ary. He  was  also  the  author  of  the  bill  pro- 
viding for  the  examination  of  teachers  by  the 
Board,  and  was  instrumental  in  having  the 
Teachers'  Institute  incorporated. 

The  first  President  of  the  Board  of  Direct- 
ors, after  consolidation,  was  Stephen  Far- 
rand.       Other    prominent    members    of    the 


of  December,  was  ]\Iordecai  Dawson  Evans; 
born  in  Philadelphia,  June  12,  1834;  elected  a 
Director  in  1891;  chosen  President  in  1893; 
resigned  in  December,  1896. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  at 
the  close  of  1896  was  Edward  D.  Wadsworth; 
born  in  Hallowell,  Me.,  March  28,  1864; 
elected  a  Director  in  1890;  chosen  President 
in  December,  1896. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  James 
Freeborn,  above  mentioned;  born  in  Phila- 
delphia in  1823;  elected  a  Director  in  1857; 
chosen  Secretarv  in  1862. 


MORDECAI  DAWSON  EVANS. 

Board  have  been  Dr.  Daniel  Steinmetz, 
Dr.  S.  B.  Wylie  Mitchell,  John  L. 
Young,  Benjamin  F.  Kern,  Dr.  C.  Camp- 
bell Cooper,  Dr.  William  S.  Stewart, 
Richard  Ludlow,  Joel  Thomas,  Francis  Black- 
burn, Dr.  Simeon  Dillingham,  John  Fareira, 
Dr.  Joseph  R.  Smith  and  Francis  Newland. 
Some  of  these  represented  the  Section  in  the 
Board  of  Public  Education. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Ninth  Section  in  1896,  up  to  the  month 


JAMES  FREEBORN. 

J.Fletcher  Conrad  was  born  in  Huntingdon 
County,  Pa.,  in  1840;  elected  a  Director  in 
1890. 

Alban  B.  Lynch  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
in  1845;  elected  a  Director  in  1892. 

Theodore  Smith  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
June  19,  1837;  elected  a  Director  in  1885. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Charles 
J.  Drumond,  Mahlon  D.  Young,  Arthur  Ehr- 
stein,  Emil  J.  Hertz,  Nicholas  F.  Kline,  Joseph 
W.  Lewis  and  William  W.  Longstreth. 


378 


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Schools  of  the  Tenth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Tenth  Ward  of  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Tenth  Section  of  the  First  School  District  of 
Pennsylvania,  are  Seventh  street  and  the 
Schuylkill  River,  Arch  and  Vine  streets. 

The  schools  of  the  Tenth  Section  are  as 
follows:  Northwestern  Combined  Grammar. 
Secondary  and  Primary,  Race  street  below 
Fifteenth,  Oliver  P.  Cornman,  Supervising 
Principal;  John  Agnew  Combined  Secondary 
and  Primary,  Cherry  street  below  Eleventh, 
Katharine  A.  Lacy,  Supervising  Principal; 
Edward  Shippen  Primary  School,  Cherry 
street  above  Nineteenth,  Emma  M.  Davis, 
Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i.  Race  street 
below  Fifteenth,  Lilian  Gaston,  teacher; 
Kindergarten  No.  2,  Cherry  street  above 
Nineteenth,  Ursula  Chapman,  teacher. 

The  Northwestern  School  is  one  of  the  old- 
est in  the  city.  The  original  building  was 
erected  in  1833,  an  addition  being  built  in 
1 87 1.  Hiram  Ayres  was  the  first  teacher,  and 
was  assisted  by  Martha  C.  Hallowell.  A  num- 
ber of  well-known  teachers  have  since  been 
connected  with  the  Northwestern  School, 
either  as  principals  or  assistants.  The  num- 
ber includes  James  Rhoads,  afterward  a  pro- 
fessor in  the  Central  High  School;  William 
W.  Wood,  Aaron  B.  Ivins,  Philip  A. 
Cregar,  afterward  Principal  of  the  Girls'  High 
School;  H.  Y.  Lauderbach  and  C.  Henry 
Kain,  now  Assistant  Superintendent  of 
Schools. 

In  March,  1891,  OHver  P.  Cornman,  a  for- 
mer pupil  of  the  Northwestern  School,  was 
elected  Principal  of  the  boys'  grammar  de- 
partment. In  1892  the  schools  in  this  build- 
ing were  reorganized  as  a  combined  grammar 


and  secondary,  and  in  1894  the  boys'  second- 
ary and  primary,  located  in  a  building  on 
Cherry  street  above  Fifteenth,  were  combined 
under  the  same  supervision,  the  Cherry  street 
building  being  considered  as  an  annex  to  the 
other  school,  half  a  block  distant. 

In  the  summer  of  1896  the  main  building 
was  so  altered  and  remodeled  that  it  became 
possible  to  accommodate  the  classes  from  the 


OLIVER  p.  CORNMAN. 

annex,  so  that  the  entire  school  is  now  housed 
in  the  one  building.  The  Cherry  street  build- 
ing is  used  as  an  annex  to  the  Central  Manual 
Training  School. 

This  building  on  Cherry  street  is  over  fifty 
years  old.  It  is  said  to  be  the  first  building 
in  which  glass  sashes  between  the  class  rooms 
were  used.  Miss  Margaret  Struthers  was  for 
many  years  the  able  Principal. 


The  girls'  department  of  the  Northwestern 
School  had  but  three  principals  during  the 
nearly  sixty  years  of  its  existence,  prior  to  the 
time  when  it  was  placed  under  supervision  as 
a  part  of  a  combined  school.  Miss  Jane 
Mitchell  was  Principal  until  1848,  Miss  E.  B. 
Bond  from  that  time  until  1876,  and  Miss 
Helen  L.  Biles  until  1892. 

The  John  Agnew  School  was  erected  in 
1870.  Previous  to  this  time  a  building  was 
rented,  on  Cherry  street  below  Eleventh,  and 
used  as  a  boys'  and  girls'  primary  school.  The 
new  building  was  at  first  occupied  by  a  boys' 
primary,  but  afterward  a  girls'  primary  was 
orofanized  in  it  and  a  secondarv  school  was 


school  has  also  graduated  many  men  promi- 
nent in  business,  professional  and  public  life. 
Indeed,  the  number  of  these  is  so  great  that 
it  would  be  impossible  to  enumerate  them 
without  danger  of  omitting  some. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Tenth  Section  in  1896  was  Samuel  B. 
Davis;  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1853;  elected 
a  Director  in  1881;  chosen  President  of  the 
Board  in  1890. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Harry  F. 
Freeston;  born  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  May  16,. 


SAMUEL  B.  DAVIS. 

added  a  few  years  later.  In  May,  1894,  these 
three  schools  were  reorganized  as  a  combined 
secondary  and  primary. 

The  Edward  Shippen  School  was  built  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  '6o's,  and  occupied  by  a 
boys'  and  girls'  primary.  It  was  partly  de- 
stroyed by  fire  in  1878,  and  soon  rebuilt.  In 
1894  the  primary  schools  were  reorganized  as 
a  combined  primary.  The  building  was 
named  in  honor  of  a  former  President  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education. 

A  number  of  prominent  men  have  served  as 
Directors  in  the  Tenth  Section,  the  number 
including  the  late  William  R.  Leeds,  M.  Hall 
Stanton   and    Robert    Coulton    Davis.      The 


HARRY  F.  FKEEoTON. 


1855;  elected  a  Director  in  1886;  chosen  Sec- 
retary in  1889. 

Henry  Irwin  was  born  in  Ireland,  August 
8,  1853;  elected  a  Director  in  1893. 

James  Frederick  McNichol  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  September,  1868;  elected  a  Di- 
rector in  1896. 

Dr.  Charles  Alfred  Page  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  in  i860;  elected  a  Director  in 
1889. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Thomas 
W.  Gillespie,  Dr.  William  H.  Bricker,  James 
R.  Dever,  Robert  Harper,  Charles  Hart,  Dr. 
John  Shembs  and  Dr.  Edwin  C.  Warg. 


BU'RK  &M?FtTRlOC£  Co. 


NORTHWESTERN  COMBINED  GRAMMAR,  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL. 

North  side  of  Race  Street,  below  Fifteenth. 

Tenth  Section. 


JOHN  AGNEW  COMBINED  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 
Cherry  Street,  below  Eleventh. 

Tenth  Section.  \ 


285 


Schools  of  the  Eleventh  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Eleventh  Ward  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises 
the  Eleventh  Section  of  the  First  School  Dis- 
trict of  Pennsylvania,  are  Third  street  and 
the  Delaware  River,  Vine  and  Poplar  streets. 

The  schools  of  the  Eleventh  Section  are  as 
follows:  Northern  Liberties  Combined  Gram- 


Anna  Ashton  Milligan,  teacher;  Kindergar- 
ten No.  2,  New  Market  street  above  Brown, 
May  S.  Willard,  teacher;  Kindergarten  No. 
3,  Third  street  below  Green,  Mary  E.  Bitner, 
teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  4,  New  Market 
street  above  Noble,  Maria  L.  Higgins, 
teacher. 


RINALDO  ABRAM  LUKENS. 


BERNHARD  G.  MULLER. 


mar  and  Primary  School,  Third  street  below 
Green  and  St.  John  street  below  Button- 
wood  (two  buildings),  Daniel  W.  Hutchin, 
Supervising  Principal;  Madison  Combined 
Secondary  and  Primary  School,  New  Market 
street  above  Noble  and  New  Market  street 
above  Brown  (two  buildings),  Barbara 
Brown,  Supervising  Principal;  Kindergarten 
No.    I,   St.  John  street  below  Buttonwood, 


At  the  time  the  first  free  schools  were  es- 
tablished there  was  a  private  school  at  New 
Market  and  Pegg's  street,  known  as  the  Adel- 
phi  School.  This  building  was  rented  by  the 
Controllers  in  1818,  and  one  of  the  first 
schools  opened  was  that  established  in  it.  In 
1825  the  building  now  known  as  the  Mififlin 
School,  in  the  Twelfth  Section,  was  erected 
and  the  school  was  organized  by  the  transfer 


287 


of  some  of  the  pupils  from  the  school  at  New 
Market  and  Pegg's  streets.  What  was  left 
of  this  school  was  taken  some  years  later  to 
form  the  Madison  School,  which  is  still  in 
existence  under  that  name. 

The  present  Northern  Liberties  School 
was  formed  of  classes  taken  from  the  Madison 
School. 


period  have  been  George  S.  Lare,  Charles  S. 
Austin,  Edward  Geary,  C.  William  Geissel 
and  B.  G.  Muller.  The  Section  has  been 
represented  in  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
by  Samuel  Taylor,  Thomas  W.  Marchment, 
Charles  Abel,  James  S.  Hinkle,  Thomas  A. 
Fahy,  Charles  S.  Austin,  Samuel  T.  Child  and 
William  H.  R.  Lukens. 


DANIEL  W.  HUTCHIN. 

The  presidents  of  the  board  of  directors 
since  consolidation  have  been  Samuel  Megar- 
gee,  Reuben  Hanse,  James  D.  Brown,  Wil- 
son Kerr,  Thomas  A.  Fahy,  Edward 
Matthews,  J.  Christian  Miller  and  R.  A. 
Lukens.      The    secretaries    during  the    same 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Eleventh  Section  in  1896  was  Rinaldo 
Abram  .Lukens;  born  in  Philadelphia,  No- 
vember 16,  1836;  elected  a  Director  in  1870; 
chosen  president  in  1873;  is  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Revision  of  Taxes. 

The  Secretary  was  Bernhard  G.  Muller; 
born  in  Germany,  January  12,  1841;  elected 
a  Director  in  1878;  chosen  secretary  in  1895. 

Edward  Cunnie  was  born  in  Ireland,  May 
9,  1855;  elected  a  Director  in  1891. 

Emerson  W.  Custis  was  born  in  Washing- 
ton, D.  C;  elected  a  Director  in  1896. 

William  Krouse,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, May  9,  1855;  elected  a  Director  in  1889. 

John  R.  Marlin  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
February  i,  1855;  elected  a  Director  in  1887. 

Decatur  Milligan  was  born  in  Lewisburg, 
Pa.,  in  1834;  elected  a  Director  in  1878. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  George 
W.  Apple,  Christian  Bier,  Michael  J.  Lena- 
han,  Louis  C.  Michaelsen  and  Peter  Schlaefer. 


a88 


NORTHERN  LIBERTIES  COMBINED  GRAMMAR  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 

Third  Street,  below  Green. 

Eleventh  Section. 


289 


BEIDEMAN  SCHOOL, 

St.  John^Street,  below  Buttonwood. 

Eleventh  Section. 

(From  an  old  wood  cut.) 


391 


Schools  of  the  Twelfth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Twelfth  Ward  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Twelfth  Section  of  the  First  School  District 
of  Pennsylvania,  are  Sixth  and  Third,  Vine 
and  Poplar  streets. 

The  schools  of  the  Twelfth  Section  are  as 
follows:  Mifflin  Secondary  School  No.  i. 
Third  street  above  Brown,  Josephine  H. 
Davis,  Principal;  Mifflin  Secondary  No.  2, 
same  building,  Martha  Josephs,  Principal;  E. 
M.  Paxson  Secondary  School  No.  3,  Noble 
street  below  Sixth,  Caroline  A.  Stout,  Prin- 
cipal; E.  M.  Paxson  Secondary  No.  4,  same 
building,  Ella  V.  Dare,  Principal;  Rovoudt 
Primary  School,  Fairmount  avenue  below 
Fifth  street,  Kate  M.  Berlin,  Principal;  E. 
M.  Paxson  Primary  School,  Noble  street  be- 
low Sixth,  Regina  C.  Donovan,  Principal; 
Saunders  Primary  School,  Dillwyn  and  Cal- 
lowhill  streets,  Elizabeth  Hogan,  Principal; 
Kindergarten  No.  i,  Fairmount  avenue  below 
Fifth,  Elizabeth  Stokes,  Principal;  Kinder- 
garten No.  2,  Dillwyn  and  Callowhill  streets, 
•Gertrude  Cahill,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No. 
3,  Noble  street  below  Sixth.  Carrie  Kuhn, 
Principal. 

The  Mifflin  School  building  is  the  second 
oldest  school  edifice  in  Philadelphia,  the  only 
building  erected  before  it  being  the  Model 
School,  on  Chester  street.  The  Mifflin  build- 
mgwas  erected  in  1825,  at  a  cost  of  $8,142.60. 
It  has  continued  in  use,  with  but  slight  alter- 
ations, to  the  present  day.  There  is  a  space 
of  five  feet  between  the  ceiling  of  the  first 
story  and  the  floor  of  the  second,  the  object 
being,  presumably,  to  prevent  the  pupils 
down  stairs  from  being  disturbed  by  the  noise 
made  by  those  above. 


This  is  the  only  school  of  historic  interest 
in  the  Twelfth  Section,  the  others  having  been 
established  from  time  to  time  since  consolida- 
tion. In  1867  the  building  at  Dillwyn  and 
Callowhill  streets  was  erected,  and  in  1868 
the  school  on  Fairmount  avenue  below  Fifth 
was  built,  facing  on  Maria  street.  In  1871  a 
lot  was  purchased  on  Noble  street  below 
Sixth,  and  on  it  the  Paxson  School  was 
erected. 

Among  the  men  who  have  been  identified 
with  school  management  in  the  Twelfth  Sec- 
tion, as  Controllers  or  Directors,  are  Alder- 
man Peter  Hay,  Thomas  James,  Charles  M. 
Wagner,  John  F.  Belsterling,  James  S.  Wat- 
son, Magistrate  Albert  H.  Ladner,  William 
E.  Littleton,  Thomas  M.  Locke,  ex-Con- 
gressman Frederick  Halterman,  George  H. 
Horn,  Peter  Rovoudt,  George  K.  Zeigler, 
Joseph  Reakhart,  Macpherson  Saunders,  Wil- 
liam M.  Levick,  Charles  J.  Sutter,  M.  Hall 
Stanton,  Edwin  McCalla  and  Bettle  Paul. 

The  Twelfth  Section  was  represented  in  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  for  many  years  by 
M.  Hall  Stanton,  who  was  President  of  that 
body  fom  1870  to  1877.  Dr.  A.  H.  McAdam, 
now  deceased,  succeeded  Mr.  Stanton  as 
member  from  the  Twelfth  Section,  and  held 
his  seat  in  the  Board  until  his  death,  in  1896, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  Thomas  A.  Grace. 

Dr.  McAdam  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
December  7,  1839.  He  was  educated  in  pri- 
vate and  public  schools  in  this  city,  and  grad- 
uated from  the  medical  department  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1863.  He  was 
a  member  of  Select  Council  fom  1874  to  1877. 

Dr.  McAdam  was  elected  a  School  Director 
in  1869,  and  was  President  of  the  Board  for  a 


short  time,  but  resigned  to  go  into  Councils. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  President  of 
the  Board,  as  well  as  the  representative  in  the 
Board  of  Public  Education. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Twelfth  Section  at  the  close  of  1896  was 


Dr.  Louis  Denime  Bauer  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia, September  9,  1868;  elected  a  Di- 
rector in  1895. 

Henry  J.  Emenecker  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia in  i860;  elected  a  Director  in  1894. 

George  W.  Joerger  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, July  4,  185 1 ;  elected  a  Director  in  1882. 

Oliver  G.  J.  Schadt  was  born  in  Allentown,. 
Pa.,  May  23,  1858;  elected  a  Director  in  1895; 


DR.  A.  H.  McADAM 

Emil  Jungmann;  born  in  Heidelberg,  Ger- 
many, June  2,  1859;  elected  a  Director  in 
1896;  chosen  President  in  1896. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Oscar  E. 
Rother;  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  September 
9,  1863;  elected  a  Director  in  1895;  chosen 
Secretary  in  1896. 


OSCAR  E.  ROTHER. 

is  principal  of  a  college  and  business  prepara- 
tory school. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  John 
Maxwell,  Fred.  W.  Haussman,  Dr.  T.  Hamp- 
ton Moore,  Charles  Nagle,  John  Frank  and 
Frederick  A.  Schmidt. 


MIFFLIN  SECONDARY  SCHOOL, 

Third  Street,  above  Brown. 

Twelfth  Section. 


\   ai 


297 


Schools  of  the  Thirteenth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Thirteenth  Ward  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia, which  comprises  the 
Thirteenth  Section  of  the  First  School  Dis- 
trict of  Pennsylvania,  are  Sixth  and  Tenth, 
Vine  and  Poplar  streets. 

The  schools  of  the  Thirteenth  Sec- 
tion are  as  follows:  Wyoming  Gram- 
mar School  (for  boys).  Sixth  street 
and  Fairmount  avenue,  Martha  F.  Bav- 
ington.  Principal;  Grammar  School  for 
Girls,  same  building,  Alabel  McClure,  Prin- 
cipal; Wyoming  Secondary  School,  same 
building,  Rebecca  S.  Wright,  Principal;  J.  O. 
Adams  Secondary  and  Primary,  Garden 
street  below  Buttonwood,  Daisy  T.  Wright, 
Principal;  Warner  Combined  Secondary  and 
Primary,  Eighth  street  above  Parrish,  Ella 
Jacobs,  Supervising  Principal;  Kindergarten 
No.  I,  Garden  street  below  Buttonwood, 
Minnie  C.  Atwood,  Principal;  Kindergarten 
No.  2,  Eighth  street  above  Parrish,  Harriet 
E.  Farrand,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  3, 
Sixth  street  and  Fairmount  avenue,  Alice  G. 
Fox,  teacher. 

The  first  grammar  school  in  the  Thirteenth 
Section  was  organized  about  1850,  in  the 
building  on  Perth  street  above  Parrish,  and 
was  called  the  Warner  Grammar  School,  in 
honor  of  Henry  Warner,  who  was  at  one  time 
controller  of  the  Section.  Among  the  early 
principals  were  James  G.  Barnwell,  William 
Sterling,  H.  R.  Smith,  Dr.  William  S.  Ste- 
phens, Martha  R.  Brodie  and  Mrs.  S.  A. 
Henzey.  The  grammar  schools  were  after- 
ward removed  to  the  Garden  street  building 
and  called  the  J.  O.  Adams  Schools,  and  still 


later  they  were  transferred  to  the  Wyoming 
building. 

The  latter  was  erected  in  1868  and  dedi- 
cated on  November  5th  of  that  year,  with  in- 
teresting exercises.  Addresses  were  made 
by  Edward  Shippen,  then  President  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education,  and  Rev.  Dr.  T. 
DeWitt  Talmage.  Dr.  Stephens  was  Prin- 
cipal of  the  boys'  school  until  1887,  when  he 
was  succeeded  by  the  present  Principal,  Miss 


J\V 


MISS  ELLA  JACOBS. 

Bavington,  a  teacher  of  long  experience. 
Mrs.  Sarah  A.  Henzey  resigned  as  principal  of 
the  girls'  school  in  1892,  and  was  succeeded 
by  the  present  Principal,  Mabel  McClure. 

The  Wyoming  School  was  enlarged  in  1889 
by  the  addition  of  an  annex. 

The  J.  Q.  Adams  School  was  reorganized  in 
1885,  with  Miss  Sophia  Burmeister,  now  a 
teacher  in  the  Normal  School,  as  Supervising 


299 


Principal.    She  was  succeeded  l)y  Miss  Daisy 
T.  Wright. 

The  Warner  School  formerly  consisted  of 
three  separate  schools,  the  principals  being 
Julia  B.  Jackson,  Mary  Byrnes  and  Mary  A. 
Jeffries.  The  latter  taught  in  the  Section  for 
thirty-seven  years.    She  died  in  April.  1896. 


HENRY  JOHN  STAGER. 

The  school-house  was  built  facing  on 
Perth  street,  which  is  east  of  Eighth,  but  in 
1886  two  properties  were  purchased  on 
Eighth  street,  and  the  entrance  was  changed. 
Other  improvements  have  recently  been 
effected. 


In  1890  the  Warner  School  was  reorganized 
and  Miss  Ella  Jacobs  became  Supervising 
Principal.  Under  her  management  the 
school  has  been  greatly  improved,  and  is  rec- 
ognized as  one  of  the  most  progressive  in  the 
city. 

Among  the  prominent  men  who  have  been 
Directors  in  the  Thirteenth  Section  are 
Henry  Warner,  George  Rockenburg,  George 
Henzey,  John  Fry,  Samuel  Allen,  James  V. 
Watson,  John  C.  Kelly  and  Ellsworth  H. 
Hults.  The  Section  has  been  represented  in 
the  Board  of  Public  Education  by  John  B. 
Green,  James  V.  Watson,  John  L.  Kinsey, 
now  City  Solicitor,  and  Dr-  Martin  H. 
Williams,  the  present  member  from  the  Thir- 
teenth. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  cf 
the  Thirteenth  Section  in  1896  was  Samuel  D. 
Lit;   elected  President  in  1895. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Henry  John 
Stager;  born  in  Schuylkill  Haven,  Pa.,  August 
27,  1842;  elected  a  Director  in  1895;  chosen 
Secretary  in  1896. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Max 
Brueckmann,  James  Buckman,  Alexander  P. 
Dutton,  Dr.  D.  W.  Fleming,  A.  S.  Giles, 
Albert  M.  Hicks,  Dr.  H.  C.  Paist,  Dr.  E.  L. 
Smith,  Brock  Watson  and  James  H.  Wolfe. 


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Schools  of  the  Fourteenth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Fourteenth  Ward  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Fourteenth  Section  of  the  First  School  Dis- 
trict of  Pennsylvania,  are  Tenth  and  Broad, 
Vine  and  Poplar  streets. 

The  schools  of  the  Fourteenth  Section  are 
as  follows:  Hancock  Grammar  Schools  (for 
boys),  Fairmount  avenue  above  Twelfth 
street,  Charles  A.  Randall,  A.  M.,  Principal; 
Grammar  School  for  Girls,  same  building, 
Annie  E.  Williams,  Principal;  Roberts  Vaux 
Consolidated  School  (colored).  Wood  street 
below  Twelfth,  Miss  Mary  F.  Durham,  Prin- 
cipal; Hancock  Secondary  School,  Fairmount 
avenue  above  Twelfth  street,  Ella  E.  Clay, 
Principal;  John  M.  Ogden  Secondary  School, 
Twelfth  and  Wistar  streets,  Emma  J.  Sallade, 
Principal;  Robert  T.  Conrad  Secondar}^ 
School,  Melon  street  below  Twelfth,  Annie  G. 
Stretch,  Principal;  Primary  School  No.  i, 
Twelfth  and  Wistar  streets,  Laura  V.  Biga- 
low,  Principal;  Primary  No.  2,  Twelfth  and 
Ogden  streets,  Anna  E.  Lindsay,  Principal; 
Primary  No.  3,  same  building,  Eliza  F.  Le- 
Maistre,  Principal;  Primary  No.  4,  Melon 
street  below  Twelfth,  M.  Gertrude  Slemmer, 
Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i.  Melon  street 
below  Twelfth,  Emma  F.  Mingus,  Principal; 
Kindergarten  No.  2,  Twelfth  and  Ogden 
streets,  Margaret  P.  Wilkins,  Principal. 

As  early  as  181 9  there  was  a  school  in  wdiat 
is  now  the  Fourteenth  Section,  located  on 
Buttonwood  lane,  now  Buttonwood  street. 
This  school  was  located  in  a  rented  building 
for  a  number  of  years  and  later  the  Monroe 
Grammar  Schools  were  organized  in  a  new 
building  at  the  same  location,   Buttonwood 


street  below  Eleventh.  These  schools  were 
disbanded  in  1876.  Many  well-known  citizens 
received  their  early  education  in  the  Button- 
wood  Street  School,  under  such  well-known 
principals  as  Alexander  H.  Laidlaw,  Thomas 
May  Peirce,  Philip  A.  Cregar,  Richard 
Glassen,  George  M.  Sayre,  George  H.  Stout 
and  Dr.  Andrew  Macfarlane. 

The  Hancock  Schools  were  established  in 
1842,  with  Professor  Nicholas  H.  Maguire 
and  Rachel  Brodie  as  principals.  Some  very 
prominent  citizens  were  educated  in  these 
schools  and  when  the  fiftieth  anniversary  was 
celebrated,  it  brought  together  a  notable  as- 
semblage, including  such  men  as  Judge 
Hanna,  Judge  James  Gay  Gordon,  George  H. 
CHfT,  Principal  of  the  Normal  School;  Dr. 
Robert  Ellis  Thompson,  President  of  the 
Central  High  School;  Dr.  Edwin  J.  Houston 
and  Professor  Elihu  Thompson,  the  noted 
electricians;  Professor  George  H.  Stuart,  of 
the  Central  High  School;  Alfred  H.  Love, 
and  many  others  equally  well  known. 

The  principals  of  the  Hancock  Boys'  Gram- 
mar School  have  been  Professor  Nicholas  H. 
Maguire,  James  H.  Eldridge,  Professor 
George  Stuart  and  Charles  A.  Randall,  who 
has  been  at  the  head  of  the  scliooi  since  1866. 

The  Robert  T.  Conrad  School  was  named 
in  honor  of  a  former  mayor  of  Philadelphia, 
and  the  John  M.  Ogden  School  in  honor  of  a 
school  director,  who  served  many  years  ago. 

One  of  the  most  notable  schools  is  the  col- 
ored school,  named  in  honor  of  the  first  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Public  Education.  This 
school  was  originally  organized  in  the  Twelfth 
Section,  and  was  removed  to  what  was  then 


called  the  William  D.  Kelley  building,  on 
Wood  street,  in  1876.  Under  an  able  Prin- 
cipal, Jacob  C.  White,  Jr.,  the  school  had  a 
most  successful  career  for  many  years.  As 
colored  pupils  have  been  received  into  all  the 
other  schools  in  recent  years,  however,  the 
Roberts  Vaux  School  has  decreased  greatly 
in  numbers.  When  Mr.  White  resigned  the 
principalship,  in  1896,  the  school  was  reorgan- 
ized, with  Miss  Mary  F.  Durham  as  Principal. 


EUVVARD  NICHOLS. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Fourteenth  Section,  in  1896,  was  Edward 
Nichols;  born  in  Philadelphia,  December  27, 
1834;  electeda  Director  in  1880;  chosen  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  in  1882. 

The  Secretary  was  Alexander  Abrahams; 
born    in    Cambridge,    Mass.,    December    22, 


1861 ;  elected  a  Director  in  1893;  chosen  Sec- 
retary of  the  Board  in  1895. 

Charles  P.  Hart  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
October  21,  1863;  elected  a  Director  in  1895. 

Washington  Huttenlock  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia in  1843;  elected  a  Director  in  1895; 
is  janitor  of  the  Central  High  School. 

Edwin  M.  Johnson  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, July  24,  i860;  elected  a  Director  in  1894. 


ALEXANDER  ABRAHAMS. 

Charles  Henry  Joyce  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, November  24,  1845;  elected  a  Director 
in  1885. 

Peter  Schmitt  was  born  in  Germany,  in 
1852;  elected  a  Director  in  1895. 

George  Warren  Weaver  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia, March  9,  i860;  elected  a  Director 
in  1895. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Charles 
J.  Dittess,  James  H.  Miller,  Edward  F.  Swift 
and  Joseph  B.  Vankirk. 


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Schools  of  the  Fifteenth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Fifteenth  Ward  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Fifteenth  Section  of  the  First  School  District 
of  Pennsylvania,  are  Broad  street  and  the 
Schuylkill  River,  Vine  and  Poplar  streets. 

The  schools  of  the  Fifteenth  Section  are 
as  follows:  Thaddeus  Stevens  Combined 
Granmiar,  Secondary  and  Primary  School, 
Seventeenth  street  above  Fairmount  avenue, 
Louis  A.  Ridge,  Supervising  Principal;  Lin- 
coln Combined  Grammar,  Secondary  and  Pri- 
mary, Twentieth  street  and  Fairmount  ave- 
nue, Emilie  M.  Crease,  Supervising  Principal; 
Livingston  Secondary,  Twenty-third  street 
abov<^  Callowhill,  Sarah  A.  Evans,  Principal: 
A.  D.  Bache  Secondary,  Twenty-second  and 
Brown  streets.  Miss  Emma  R.  Farrand,  Prin- 
cipal: Primary  School  No.  i.  Twenty-third 
street  above  Callowhill,  Annie  M.McQuiggan, 
Principal;  Primary  No.  2,  same  building, 
Emma  Graham,  Principal;  Primary  No.  3, 
Twenty-second  and  Brown  streets,  Anne  L. 
Croasdill,  Principal;  Primary  No.  4,  same 
building,  Emilie  Martin,  Principal;  Kinder- 
garten No.  I,  Twenty-third  street  above  Cal- 
lowhill, Frances  J.  Stephenson,  Principal; 
Kindergarten  No.  2,  Seventeenth  street  above 
Fairmount  avenue,  May  McKnight,  Prin- 
cipal. 

There  were  two  public  school  buildings  in 
the  Fifteenth  Section  at  the  time  of  consol- 
idation, one  at  Twenty-third  and  Callowhill 
streets,  and  the  other  at  Seventeenth  and 
Coates.  The  former  had  been  a  church  build- 
ing, and  had  been  purchased  by  the  Commis- 
sioners of  Spring  Garden  District  in  1848,  and 
remodeled  for  school  purposes.     It  was  called 


the  Fairmount  Grammar  School,  and  was  af- 
terward named  the  Livingston  School.  The 
other  building,  which  contained  one  second- 
ary and  two  primary  schools,  was  called  the 
Francisville  School.  This  building  was  used 
until  1874,  when  it  was  torn  down  and  the 
Thaddeus  Stevens  School  was  erected  on  the 
same  site. 

The  Principal  of  this  school  at  the  time  of 
consolidation    was    George    Yeager.      Other 


LOUIS  A.  RIDGE. 


Principals  have  been  James  G.  Barnwell, 
George  R.  Bradford,  Francis  S.  Belden, 
George  W.  Schock  and  Louis  A.  Ridge,  the 
present  Principal. 

In  1861  a  new  building  was  erected  at 
Twentieth  and  Coates  streets,  which  later  be- 
came known  as  the  Lincoln  School.  Those 
who  have  been  Principals  of  the  Lincoln 
School  are  Miss  A.  M.  Clayton,  Miss  Gilling- 
ham.  Miss  Bradbury,  Miss  Lydia  A.  Kirby, 


Miss  Snyder,  Miss  Mary  Wright,  Miss  Sarah 
E.  Wolf  and  Miss  Crease. 

The  A.  D.  Bache  School  building  was 
opened  in  September.  1868.  The  same  year 
a  school  house  at  Seventeenth  and  Wood 
streets  was  built,  which  was  used  as  a  Fif- 
teenth Section  School  until  1885,  when  it  was 
vacated  and  the  Central  Manual  Training 
School  was  organized  in  it.  Miss  Margaret 
M.  Farrand,  sister  of  the  present  Principal  of 
the  Bache  School,  was  a  teacher  in  the  Fif- 
teenth Section  for  fifty  years.  She  resigned  as 
Principal  of  the  Bache  School  in  July,  1896. 

The  old  building  occupied  by  the  Living- 
ston School  was  torn  down  in   1871,  and  a 


In  1868  a  colored  school  was  organized  irt 
a  building  on  Brandywine  street  above  Fif- 
teenth, and  called  the  Bethany  School.  In 
1874  it  was  named  the  Charles  Sumner 
School,  and  so  continued  until  July,  1896,. 
when,  owing  to  the  continued  decrease  in  at- 
tendance, it  was  abolished.  Emma  R.  Far- 
rand was  the  Principal  at  the  time  the  school' 
was  abandoned. 

The  following  have  represented  the  Fif- 
teenth Section  in  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation: A.  H.  Manderson,  William  Matthews,. 
John  J.  Kersey,  Joseph  M.  Hancock,  Aaron 
Ivins,  Thomas  Wood,  Thomas  Potter,. 
Charles  Adams,  Mr.  Hoffman,  John  W.  Clark,. 


WILLIAM  H.  CARSON. 

new  structure  was  built  on  the  same  site,  on 
Twenty-third  street  above  Callowhill,  and 
opened  in  May,  1872. 

Previous  to  the  erection  of  these  various 
school-houses,  a  number  of  rented  buildings 
were  used  at  different  times  for  school  pur- 
poses, including  one  called  Logan  Hall,  on 
Vine  street  above  Seventeenth;  two  churches, 
one  at  Twentieth  and  Buttonwood  streets, 
and  the  other  at  Twenty-second  and  Callow- 
hill  streets;  the  house  of  the  Western  Fire 
Engine  Company,  on  Callowhill  street;  a 
building  at  Broad  and  Barclay  streets,  and 
one  at  Sixteenth  and  Pearl  streets. 


S.MITH  D.  COZENS 

J.  J.  Harkman,  James  S.  Whitney,  H.  S.  God- 
shalk  and  Henry  R.  Edmunds. 

Mr.  Ivins  was  particularly  active  in  his  en- 
deavors to  secure  for  the  schools  properly 
qualified  teachers.  Before  the  law  providing 
for  the  examination  by  the  Controllers  of  per- 
sons desiring  to  become  teachers  had  been 
passed,  he  urged  the  necessity  of  having  a 
higher  grade  of  work  done  in  the  schools. 
Through  his  efforts  the  custom  of  holding  an- 
nual examinations  for  teachers  was  instituted 
by  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Fifteenth 
Section,  and  continued  until  the  regular  an- 
nual examinations  were  begun  by  the  Board 
of  Public  Education. 


Among  the  proniinent  men  of  Philadelphia 
who  were  pupils  in  the  Fifteenth  Section 
schools  were  Joseph  L.  Caven,  ex-City  Treas- 
urer ^^'illiam  B.  Irvine,  Alexander  Crow,  Jr., 
Sheriff  of  Philadelphia;  and  Professor  E.  V. 
Seeler,  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Fifteenth  Section  in  1896  was  William 
H.  Carson;  born  in  Montreal,  Canada,  Mav 


Public  Buildings  Commission,  and  ex-mem- 
ber of  the  Legislature. 

Dr.  Charles  Ouram  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, April  14,  1853;  elected  a  Director  in 
1884. 

Dr.  Justus  Sinexon  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, September  24,  1861;  elected  a  Director 
in  1893;  is  a  United  States  Pension  Surgeon. 

George  F.  Sturgis  was  born  in  Lancaster, 
Pa.,  November  3,  1850;  elected  a  Director  in 
1887. 


THOMAS  ELWOOD  GASKILL. 

23,  1849;  elected  a  Director  in  1894;  chosen 
President  of  the  Board  in  1896. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Smith  D. 
Cozens;  born  in  Philadelphia,  July  i,  1842; 
elected  a  Director  in  1893;  chosen  Secretary 
in  1893. 

Thomas  Elwood  Gaskill  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, January  11,  1830;  elected  a  Director 
in  1870;  was  a  Director  in  the  Second  Sec- 
tion from  1858  to  1867;  is  a  member  of  the 


THOMAS  WOOD. 

Thomas  Wood  was  born  in  England,  Janu- 
ary 22,  1814;  elected  a  Director  in  i860;  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Pulilic  Educa- 
tion in  1862;  although  past  eighty-two  years 
of  age  he  still  visits  the  schools  regularly,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  active  members  of  the 
Board. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  James 
Crombargar,  Anna  Longstreth,  James  Mc- 
Anirland,  Melville  B.  Parker  and  J.  Addison 
Woodruff. 


THADDEUS  STEVENS  COMBINED  GRAMMAR,  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 

Seventeenth  Street,  above  Fairmount  Avenue. 

Fifteenth  Section. 


Schools  of  the  Sixteenth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Sixteenth  Ward  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises 
the  Sixteenth  Section  of  the  First  School 
District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  Laurel  street 
and  the  Delaware  River,  to  Frankford  avenue, 
to  Girard  avenue,  to  Sixth  street,  to  Poplar 
street,  to  the  Delaware  River. 

The  schools  of  the  Sixteenth  Section  are 
as  follows:  Jefferson  Grammar  School  (for 
boys),  Fifth  street  above  Poplar,  J.  Fletcher 
Sickel,  Principal;  Grammar  School  for  girls, 
same  building,  Mary  S.  Rainier,  Principal; 
Landenberger     Secondary     School     No.     i, 


J.  FLETCHER  SICKEL. 

Fourth  street  above  George,  Elizabeth  E. 
Wark,  Principal;  Landenberger  Secondary 
School  No.  2,  same  building,  Mary  C.  Brous, 
Principal;  Primary  No.  i,  Fifth  street  above 
Poplar,  Kate  E.  Carey,  Principal;  Pri- 
mary No.  2,  Charlotte  street  above  Poplar, 
Minna  L.  Bitting,  Principal;  Primary  No.  3, 
same  building,   Elizabeth  Reville,   Principal; 


Primary  No,  4,  Girard  avenue  and  Leopard 
street,  Elizabeth  K.  Brous,  Principal;  Kinder- 
garten No.  I,  Girard  avenue  and  Leopard 
street,  Alice  K.  Hall,  teacher;  Kindergarten 
No.  2,  Fourth  street  above  George,  Lillie  G. 
Flanigen,  Principal. 

The  history  of  the  Jefiferson  Boys'  Gram- 
mar School  dates  back  to  1843,  when  it  first 
appeared  on  the  records,  with  Ellen  Knox, 
as  teacher.  Later,  for  several  years,  Zephan- 
iah  Hopper,  now  senior  professor  in  the 
Central  High  School,  was  Principal  of  the 
school.  The  Landenberger  Schools  were 
organized  in  1868,  L.  A.  Engard  being  first 
Principal  of  the  boys'  department,  and  Rachel 
Briggs  of  the  girls.' 

From  1879  to  1896  the  Sixteenth  Section 
was  represented  in  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation by  Isaac  A.  Sheppard,  who  was  presi- 
dent of  that  body  from  1889  to  1896. 

Isaac  A.  Sheppard  was  born  in  Cumber- 
land County,  N.  J.,  July  11,  1827.  His 
ancestors  moved  from  Connecticut  and 
settled  in  New  Jersey  in  1696,  and  here  Mr. 
Sheppard  received  such  educational  advan- 
tages as  a  country  school,  held  for  three 
months  in  the  year,  afforded. 

He  came  to  Philadelphia  in  1839,  and  at 
the  asfe  of  sixteen  entered  a  brass  and  iron 
foundry  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  moulder.  His 
evenings  were  given  to  study.  After  sixteen 
years  of  hard  labor  and  diligent  application, 
he  determined  to  commence  business  for  him- 
self, and,  with  others,  established  in  this  city 
the  Excelsior  Stove  and  Hollow  Ware  Foun- 
dry, under  the  firm  name  of  Isaac  A.  Shep- 
pard &  Co.  The  business  grew  so  rapidly 
that  some  years  later  the  firm  established  the 


Excelsior  Stove  and  Hollow  Ware  Foundry 
in  Baltimore,  and  business  is  now  carried  on 
in  both  establishments. 

Beside  managing  a  large  business.  Mr. 
Sheppard  has  for  many  years  taken  an  active 
part  in  religious,  financial,  educational  and 
benevolent  enterprises.  In  early  life  he  be- 
came connected  with  the  Protestant  Episco- 
pal Church,  and  for  thirty  years  was  a  Sun- 
day-School Superintendent. 

He  served  three  years  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Legislature,  where  he  was  particularly  active 
in  procuring  the  passage  of  the  general  law- 
relating  to  building  associations,  thus  mak- 


ISAAC  A.  SHEPPAKl). 

ing  his  name  honored  by  thousands  of  work- 
ing people.  During  the  session  of  1861  Mr. 
Sheppard  was  unanimously  elected  speaker 
pro  tem.,  and  satisfactorily  performed  the 
duties  of  the  office  for  more  than  one-third 
of  that  session. 

In  1867  the  Councils  of  the  city  elected 
him  to  represent  the  city's  interests  in  the 
Northern  Liberties  Gas  Co.  By  unanimous 
vote  of  Councils  he  continues  to  hold  that 
trust. 

In  1870  he  took  a  leading  part  in  organ- 
izing the  National  Security  Bank,  and  served 
as  director  and  vice-president  until  1886, 
when  he  was  unanimously  chosen  president, 
an  office  which  he  still  holds. 


Mr.  Sheppard  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Education  in  January, 
1879.  He  rendered  effiicient  service  for  nine 
years  on  the  Committee  on  Property,  and  for 
six  years  as  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Night  Schools.  He  also  served  for  some  time 
on  the  Committee  on  Central  High  School 
and  on  other  important  committees.  He  was 
appointed  a  meml)er  of  the  committee  to  or- 
ganize the  School  of  Industrial  Art.  and  was 
alsochosen  asoneof  thecommittee  to  organize 
the  Central  Manual  Training  School.  He  has 
particularly  identified  himself  with  the  estab- 
lishment of  public  libraries  and  the  introduc- 
tion of  manual  training  in  the  public  schools. 

In  1889  he  was  elected  President  of  the 
Board  and  by  unanimous  re-elections  con- 
tinued in  that  office  until  the  close  of  1896, 
when  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Board,  be- 
cause of  ill-health. 

Among  the  benevolent  organizations  with 
which  Mr.  Sheppard  is  affiliated  is  the  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Odd  Fellows.  He  is  a  Past 
Grand  Master  of  the  Order  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  is  also  Grand  Treasurer  of  the  Sovereign 
Grand  Lodge  of  the  Order. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Sixteenth  Section  in  1896  was  Thomas 
G.  Barrett. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  George  W. 
Ruhl. 

Philip  Blank  was  born  in  Holly  Springs, 
Miss.,  September  2.  1861;  elected  a  Director 
in  1896. 

Carl  H.  Bohn,  Ph.  G.,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, May  7,  1859;  elected  a  Director  in  1894. 

Edward  F.  Noon  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
October  3,  1842;  elected  a  Director  in  1895. 

Dr.  William  Egbert  Robertson  was  born 
in  Camden,  N.  J.,  July  i.  1869;  elected  a  Di- 
rector in  1896. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Charles 
G,  Hays,  Henry  Hoffman.  Thomas  S.  Morris, 
William  McBride,  A.  S.  Steigerwald  and 
Lewis  Obermiller. 


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LANDENBERGER  SECONDARY  SCHOOL, 

Fourth  Street,  above  George. 

Sixteenth  Section. 

(From  an  old  wood  cut.) 


321 


WILLIAM  A    LEE  SCHOOL, 

Howard  Street,  below  Girard  Avenue. 

(From  an  old  wood  cut.) 

This  building  was  formerly  a  Sixteenth  Section  School,  but  is  now  occupied  by  the  Northeast  Manual  Training  School. 


Schools  of  the  Seventeenth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Seventeenth  Ward 
of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises 
the  Seventeenth  Section  of  the  First  School 
District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  Oxford  street, 
Frankford  avenue,  Girard  avenue  and  Sixth 
street. 

The  schools  of  the  Seventeenth  Section  are 
as  follows:  John  MofTet  Grammar  Schools 
(for  boys),  Second  and  Oxford  streets,  David 


DAVID  R.  BAER. 


R.  Baer,  Principal;  Grammar  School  for  Girls, 
same  building,  Alice  E.  Clark,  Principal;  J.  R. 
Ludlow  Secondary  School  No.  i,  Master  and 
Lawrence  streets,  Ellen  Streper,  Principal;  J. 
R.  Ludlow  Secondary  School  No.  2,  same 
building,  Sallie  Sherry,  Principal;  Webster 
Secondary  School,  Hancock  street  above 
Girard  avenue,  Mary  A.  Murphy,  Principal; 


Primary  School  No.  i,  Hancock  street  above 
Girard  avenue,  Sarah  E.  Hill,  Principal;  Pri- 
mary No.  2,  same  building,  Mary  E.  Slater, 
Principal;  Primary  No.  3,  Master  and  Law- 
rence streets,  Kate  Brasington,  Principal; 
Primary  No.  4,  same  building,  Sarah  J.  Quinn, 
Principal;  Primary  No.  5,  Second  and  Ox- 
ford streets,  Mary  J.  Lloyd,  Principal;  Kin- 
dergarten No.  I,  Master  and  Lawrence 
streets,  Virginia  L.  Crawford,  Principal;  Kin- 
dergarten No.  2,  Second  and  Oxford  streets, 
Amelia  S.  Dutt,  teacher;  Kindergarten  No. 
3,  Hancock  street  above  Girard  avenue,  Zetta 
B.  Cundy,  Principal. 

The  first  school  built  in  what  is  now  the 
Seventeenth  Section  was  located  on  Master 
street  west  of  Second,  being  erected  by  the 
Commissioners  of  Kensington  in  1832.  It 
was  first  called  the  West  Kensington  School, 
afterward  the  Master  Street  Grammar 
School,  and  later  the  Harrison  Grammar 
School.  Among  the  Principals  of  the  boys' 
department  were  Dr.  A.  T.  W.  Wright,  sub- 
sequently Principal  of  the  Normal  School; 
Professor  James  McClune,  afterward  a  pro- 
fessor in  the  Central  High  School;  Professor 
Conley  Plotts,  James  H.  MacBride,  Philip 
Cressman,  Miss  Sarah  Mills,  M.  P.  Sharp  and 
W.  W.  Brown. 

Many  former  pupils  of  the  Harrison  School 
have  gained  distinction  in  business  and  pub- 
lic life.  Its  graduates  include  some  of  the  lead- 
ing citizens  of  Philadelphia,  among  the  num- 
ber being  John  Russell  Young,  ex-Minister 
to  China;  Judge  Thomas  K.  Finletter,  Judge 
Joseph  C.  Ferguson,  Joseph  Robinson,  City 


Editor  of  "The  Philadelphia  Inquirer,"  and 
one  of  the  best  known  and  most  highly  re- 
spected newspaper  men  of  the  city;  Dr.  Rob- 
ert Ellis  Thompson,  President  of  the  Central 
High  School;  Major  John  M.  Carson,  Wash- 
ington correspondent  of  the  "Public  Led- 
ger;" Robert  Dornan,  ex-President  of  the 
Kensington  National  Bank,  and  of  the  Manu- 
facturers' Club;  Receiver  of  Taxes  William  J. 
Roney,  James  Pollock,  for  many  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Public  Education  from 


JAMES  HUGHES. 

the  Thirty-first  Section;  the  late  Dr.  John 
Jackson,  Dr.  Thomas  J.  Beatty,  ex-Secretary, 
and  Robert  Graham,  the  present  Secretary  of 
the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Seventeenth 
Section,  and  the  late  Magistrate  Johnson 
Roney,  who  was  shot  in  the  battle  of  Freder- 
icksburg in  1862,  when,  as  Color-Sergeant  of 
Company  G,  Ninetieth  Pennsylvania,  he  was 
carrying  to  the  front  a  silk  flag  presented  to 
the  regiment  by  the  students  of  the  Normal 
School. 


The  first  Principal  of  the  girls'  school  was 
Miss  Louise  Bedford.  The  next  Principal 
was  Mrs.  Hutchinson,  who  was  succeeded  by 
Miss  Emeline  Weigner,  who  resigned  in  1886. 

When  the  John  MofTet  building  was 
erected,  in  1891,  the  Harrison  School  was  re- 
moved to  it,  the  old  Harrison  building  having 
become  unfit  for  use. 

The  Webster  school-house  was  built  by  the 
Commissioners  of  Kensington  in  1852,  and 
is  now  occupied  by  one  secondary  and  two 
primary  schools. 

Previous  to  the  year  1868  there  were  five 
primary  schools  in  rented  buildings  scattered 
over  the  Section,  but  in  that  year  the  Ludlow 
building  was  erected  and  the  various  schools 
in  rented  buildings  were  transferred  thereto. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  some  of 
those  who  have  represented  the  Seventeenth 
Section  in  the  Board  of  Public  Education: 
James  McManes,  the  late  Joseph  C.  Hookey, 
the  late  Dr.  John  MacAvoy  and  the  present 
member,  James  Hughes. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Seventeenth  Section  in  1896  was  James 
Hughes,  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Ed- 
ucation.    [For  biography  see  page  95.] 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Robert 
Graham;  elected  a  Director  in  1872,  serving 
for  nine  years,  and  again  elected  in  1893; 
chosen  Secretary  in  1893. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Dr. 
Thomas  J.  Beatty,  John  J.  Campbell,  Edward 
J.  Devlin,  Charles  H.  Dwyer,  M.D.,  Robert  B. 
Gilbert,  Christian  F.  Gramlich,  Dr.  William 
Moffet,  Charles  J.  Mullen,  William  Schmidt^ 
George  Q.  Spiel  and  Andrew  J.  Steif. 


326 


327 


329 


Schools  of  the  Eighteenth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Eig^hteenth  Ward  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Eighteenth  Section  of  the  Eirst  School  Dis- 
trict of  Pennsylvania,  are  Laurel  street  and 
the  Delaware  River,  to  Erankford  avenue, 
Norris  street  to  the  Aramingo  Canal,  to 
Lehigh  avenue  to  the  Delaware  River. 

The  schools  of  the  Eighteenth  Section  are 
as  follows:  Vaughan  Combined  Grammar. 
Secondary  and  Primary  School,  Marlbor- 
ough street  above  Thompson,  William  H. 
McLaughlin,  Supervising  Principal;  Alex- 
ander Adaire  Combined  Grammar,  Secondary 
and  Primary,  Palmer  street  above  Thompson, 
Sarah  A.  Gilbert,  Supervising  Principal;  T.  K. 
Finletter  Secondary  and  Primary,  Montgom- 
ery avenue  and  Gaul  street,  Eliza  Windle, 
Principal;  Chandler  Combined  Secondary  and 
Primary,  Montgomery  avenue  above  Rich- 
mond street,  Mary  A.  Miller,  Supervising 
Principal;  Douglass  Secondar^^  and  Primary, 
Edgemont  and  Huntingdon  streets,  Hannah 
J.  Graham,  Principal;  Edward  Gorgas 
Combined  Secondary  and  Primary,  Bel- 
grade street  and  East  Susquehanna  ave- 
nue, Clara  Bowen,  Principal;  Primarv  No. 
2,  1014  Schackamaxon  street,  Maggie  V. 
Fisher,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i, 
Marlborough  street  above  Thompson,  Caro- 
line P.  Broom,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No. 
2,  Montgomery  avenue  and  Gaul  street, 
Augusta  R.  Johnson,  teacher;  Kindergarten 
No.  3,  Montgomery  avenue  and  Richmond 
street,  Sallie  H.  Williams,  teacher;  Kinder- 
garten No.  4,  Huntingdon  and  Edgemont 
streets,  Sarah  H.  Newkirk,  teacher. 

The  earliest  record  of  a  school  within  the 
limits  of  what  is  now  the  Eisfhteenth  Section 


was  about  the  year  1826,  when  a  school  for 
boys  and  girls  was  organized  in  a  building 
long  known  as  the  "Yellow  School-house." 
The  first  teachers  were  Master  Chadwick  and 
Miss  Beechey.  In  1832  the  building  was  con- 
verted into  a  cholera  hospital,  and  was  sub- 
sequently used  again  for  school  purposes. 
The  "Yellow  School-house"  stood  on  the  site 
of  the  present  Vaughan  School,  which  was 
built  in  1867,  and  named  in  honor  of  a  mem- 
ber of  an  old  Kensington  family.    The  present 


WILLIAM  H.  McLaughlin. 

Supervising  Principal,  William  H.  McLaugh- 
lin, is  a  most  able  and  efficient  teacher. 

The  site  of  the  Alexander  Adaire  School 
was  formerly  occupied  by  the  Morris  School 
building,  w'hich  was  opened  as  a  public  school 
building  in  1837,  under  the  principals  wdio 
had  at  first  had  charge  of  the  school  in 
the  "Yellow  School-house."  This  school  was 
transferred  to  the  Vaughan  building  in  1867, 


and  later  the  Morris  building  was  torn  down 
to  make  way  for  a  new  structure,  the  Alexan- 
der Adaire  School,  which  was  opened  in  1892. 
It  was  named  in  honor  of  the  father  of  the 
present  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Edu- 
cation from  the  Eighteenth  Section. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  handsome  school 
buildings  in  the  city.  It  was  erected  at  a  cost 
of  nearly  $70,000,  and  was  dedicated  on  Sep- 
tember 28,  1892.  There  are  now  twenty 
classes  with  an  enrollment  of  over  one  thou- 
sand pupils.  The  school  is  under  the  very 
excellent  management  of  Miss  Sarah  A.  Gil- 
bert, Supervising  Principal. 

The  Adaire  School  building  is  a  model  in 
point  of  construction,  and  is  fitted  up  in  the 


The  idea  is  to  give  the  pupils  clearer  con- 
ceptions of  the  objects  thus  represented  than 
could  be  gathered  from  a  laborious  study  of 
natural  history.  These  objects  are  carefully 
selected  and  graded,  and  the  drawing  and 
coloring  are  true  to  nature. 

The  Chandler  school-house  was  built  in 
1863.  The  school  had  its  beginning  in  the 
Sunday  school  building  of  the  George  Chand- 
ler Presbyterian  Church,  on  Palmer  street. 
When  it  had  greatly  increased  in  numbers  it 
was  divided  and  removed  to  two  other  build- 
ings, one  a  rented  building  on  Palmer  street 
above  Richmond,  and  the  other,  the  Kensing- 
ton  Hose  Company's  house,   also  on   Rich- 


CHARLES  A.  UPPERMAN. 


CHARLES  K.  VViGNALL. 


most  modern  and  approved  style.  A  notable 
feature  which  this  building  has  in  common 
with  several  other  of  the  modern  school- 
houses  consists  of  wall  maps  and  pictures,  an 
innovation  which  has  been  introduced  with 
excellent  satisfaction.  Philadelphia  took  the 
initiative  in  this  mode  of  decorating  the  walls 
of  school  buildings.  The  idea  was  conceived 
by  William  R.  Boswell,  a  Philadelphia  artist, 
and  has  been  elaborated  by  paintings  repre- 
senting animals  and  specimens  of  vegetable 
life  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  as  well  as 
maps. 


mond  street.  These  schools  were  transferred, 
in  1863,  to  the  new  Chandler  building. 

The  Finletter  School  was  erected  in  1873. 

The  Gorgas  building  is  the  oldest  school- 
house  in  the  Section.  For  many  years  it  was 
known  as  the  Wood  and  W>st  Street  School, 
but  in  1884  it  was  given  the  present  name  in 
honor  of  an  old  Kensington  resident. 

The  Douglass  school-house  was  built  in 
1865,  and  named  in  honor  of  another  well- 
known  man.  Stephen  A.  Douglass. 

The  schools  of  the  Eighteenth  Section  are 
all  of  a  high  standard  and  have  the  advantage 
of  being  comfortably  housed.    They  are  being 


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constantly  improved,  through  the  unceasing- 
efforts  of  the  member  of  the  Board  of  PubHc 
Education  from  that  Section,  Alexander 
Adaire,  who  is  one  of  the  most  earnest  work- 
ers for  the  advancement  of  the  public  schools 
in  the  City  of  Philadelphia. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Eighteenth  Section,  in  1896,  was  Charles 
A.  Upperman.  a  well-known  resident  of  the 


ward  and  an  active  business  man,  who  has 
been  a  Director  for  a  number  of  years. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Charles  F. 
Wignall;  born  in  Philadelphia,  December  26, 
1856;  elected  a  Director  in  1895;  chosen  Sec- 
retary in  1895. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  William 
H.  Baker,  David  S^  Clunn,  Jacob  S.  Cramp, 
Isaac  S.  Doherty,  David  K.  Gilbert,  James 
Moonev,  Robert  M.  Paist,  Henry  V.  Row- 
land, Dr.  H.  L.  Sidebotham  and  John  Baker 
Tut  tie. 


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CHANDLER  COMBINED  SKCOXDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 

Montgomery  Avenue,  above  Richmond  Street. 

Eighteenth  Section. 

(From  an  old  wood  cut.) 


S.  A.  DOUGLASS  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 
Edgemont  and  Huntingdon  Streets. 
Eighteenth  Section. 
(From  an  old  wood  cut. 


Schools  of  the  Nineteenth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Nineteenth  Ward  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Nineteenth  Section  of  the  First  School  Dis- 
trict of  Pennsylvania,  are  Frankford  avenue 
and  Norris  street,  to  Oxford,  to  Sixth,  to 
Germantown  avenue,  to  Lehigh  avenue,  to 
Kensington  avenue,  to  Front  street,  to  Nor- 
ris, to  Frankford  avenue. 

The  schools  of  the  Nineteenth  Section  are 
as    follows:    William    H.    Hunter    Cirammar 


Kate  J.  Geisler,  Supervising  Principal;  Wil- 
liam F.  Miller  Combined  Secondary  and  Pri- 
mary, Howard  street  above  Diamond,  Mary 
S.  Hearder,  Supervising  Principal;  Megargee 
Combined  Secondary  and  Primary,  Susque- 
hanna avenue  and  Lawrence  street,  Anna  J. 
McKinney,  Supervising  Principal;  Wilham 
Adamson  Secondary  and  Primary,  Fourth 
street  below  Lehigh  avenue,  Georgiana  Buck- 
ley. Supervising  Principal;  Cumberland  Com- 


ROBERT  J.  Mclaughlin. 

School  (for  boys),  Dauphin  and  Mascher 
streets,  S.  E.  B.  Kinsloe,  Principal;  Grammar 
School  for  Girls,  same  building,  Sarah  J.  Key- 
ser.  Principal;  John  Welsh  Combined  Gram- 
mar and  Secondary,  Fourth  and  Dauphin 
streets,  Robert  J.  McLaughlin.  Supervising 
Principal;  Hartranft  Combined  Secondary 
and    Primary,    Seventh    street    above    York, 


MISS  SELENA  ALLEN. 

bined  Secondary  and  Primary,  Hancock  and 
Cumberland  streets.  Isabella  R.  Caskey,  Su- 
pervising Principal;  Cohocksink  Secondary 
School,  Fourth  street  and  Montgomery  ave- 
nue, Annie  Lyle,  Principal;  William  H.  Hun- 
ter Secondary,  Mascher  and  Dauphin  streets, 
Laura  V.  Duncan,  Principal;  Primary  School 
No.  I,  Fourth  street  and  Montgomery  ave- 
nue, ]Mary  M.  Harris,  Principal;  Primary  No. 


3,  American  street  above  Columbia  avenue, 
Selena  xA.llen,  Principal;  Kindergarten  Xo.  i, 
Howard  street  above  Diamond,  Jessie  H. 
Vache, Principal;  Kindergarten  Xo. 2, Fourth 
and  Dauphin  streets,  Esther  G.  Tomkinson, 
Teacher;  Kindergarten  Xo.  3,  American 
street  above  Columbia  avenue.  Miss  Emma 
Cook,  Teacher. 

The  Megargee  building  was  opened  in 
1 861,  and  at  first  contained  three  schools,  one 
secondary  and  two  primaries.  These  schools 
were  combined  in  1894  under  the  present  Su- 
pervising Principal,  Miss  McKinney. 

A  school-house  called  the  Price  School  was 
built  on  the  site  of  the  present  William  F. 


removed  to  the  Price  building  in  1862,  and  to 
the  new  building  named  in  honor  of  William 
H.  Hunter,  a  noted  teacher,  in  1874.  The 
principals  since  1861  have  been  Marma- 
duke  Watson,  H.  Michener  and  S.  E.  B. 
Kinsloe. 

The  John  Welsh  School  building  was 
erected  in  1887,  and  was  first  occupied  in 
1889.  In  1894  the  schools  in  this  building 
were  combined,  with  Robert  J.  McLaughlin 
as  Supervising  Principal. 

The  Cumberland  school-house  was  built  in 
1876.  In  1894  the  secondary  and  primary 
schools  in  the  building  were  combined,  under 


HENRY  W.  SMITH. 


FREDERICK  J.  SHOYER 

Miller  School  in  1862,  and  contained  a  boys' 
and  a  girls'  grammar  school  and  a  primary 
school.  The  Principal  of  the  grammar  school 
was  Marmaduke  Watson.  These  schools 
were  transferred  in  1874  to  the  William  H. 
Hunter  building,  and  in  1894  the  old  Price 
school-house  was  torn  down  and  the  Miller 
building  erected  on  the  same  site.  The  latter 
school  was  organized  in  December,  1895,  ^"" 
der  the  present  Supervising  Principal.  Miss 
Hearder. 

The   William   H.    Hunter   School    had   its 
origin  in  a  school  that  was  organized  in  1861, 


the  Supervising  Principalship  of  Miss  Caskey. 

What  is  now  the  John  F.  Hartranft  School 
was  organized  in  a  building  on  Fifth  street 
above  Huntingdon  in  1886,  and  was  removed 
to  the  Hartranft  building  when  the  latter  was 
erected  in  1892. 

The  Adamson  school  building  was  erected 
in  1880.  The  secondary  and  primary  schools 
in  the  building  were  combined  in  1894,  with 
Miss  Buckley  as  Supervising  Principal. 

The  Cohocksink  School  was  formed  from 
two  other  schools,  one  a  secondary, 
located  on  American  street  above  Co- 
lumbia avenue,  called  the  Franklin 
School,  and  the  other  a  primary  on 
Cadwalader  street   above   Columbia   avenue. 


348 


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The  Cohocksink  biiikling  was  erected  in  1867, 
when  these  schools  were  transferred  thereto. 
Miss  Annie  Lyle  was  Principal  of  the  second- 
ary at  that  time,  and  has  so  continued  to  the 
present  day. 

Primary  No.  3,  also  called  the  Franklin 
Primary,  was  organized  in  1850.  It  was  for 
a  time  simply  a  primary  school,  and  after- 
ward a  secondary  and  primary  were  con- 
ducted in  the  same  building.  In  1867,  how- 
ever, the  secondary  was  removed  to  the  build- 
ing at  Fourth  street  and  Montgomery  ave- 
nue. Miss  Selena  Allen  has  been  the  very  able 
Principal  of  the  primary  for  some  years  past. 

Among  those  who  have  represented  the 
Nineteenth  Section  in  the  Board  of  Public 
Education  were  George  Cox,  James  Milligan 
and  William  F.  Miller,  all  deceased,  and  Dr. 
Matthew  J.  Wilson,  the  present  member  of 
the  Board  from  the  Nineteenth. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the   Nineteenth  Section   in    1896   was   Fred- 


erick J.  Shoyer;  born  in  Philadelphia,  Sep- 
tember 23,  1868;  elected  a  Director  in  1892; 
chosen  President  in  1895. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Henry  W. 
Smith;  born  in  Philadelphia,  May  29,  1857; 
elected  a  Director  in  1885;  chosen  Secretary 
in  1888. 

Charles  J.  Buchner  was  born  in  Germany, 
July  I,  1838;  elected  a  Director  in  1895. 

Robert  Drummond  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, April  7,1850;  elected  a  Director  in  1895. 

Dr.  Harvey  J.  Fiet  was  born  in  Allentown, 
Pa.,  June  10,  1869;  elected  a  Director  in  1894. 

John  Harper  was  born  in  Ireland,  Decem- 
ber 28,  1845;  elected  a  Director  in  1895. 

Dr.  William  Peacock  was  born  in  Camden, 
N.  J.,  October  11,  1858;  elected  a  Director  in 
1896. 

William  H.  Walter  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, June  26,  t86o;  elected  a  Director  on 
September  18,  1895. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  J.  Ben- 
jamin Miller,  Albert  Bechtold,  James  C.  Big- 
lev  and  Robert  Culbert. 


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Schools  of  the  Twentieth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Twentieth  Ward  oi 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Twentieth  Section  of  the  First  School  Dis- 
trict of  Pennsylvania,  are  Broad  and  Poplar 
streets,  to  Sixth  street,  to  Susquehanna 
avenue,  to  Eleventh  street,  to  Montgomery 
avenue,  to  Broad  street,  to  Poplar  street. 

The  schools  of  the  Twentieth  Section  are 
as  follows:  Park  Avenue  Grammar  vSchool 
{for  boys),  Park  avenue  below  Master  street. 


Cordery  Supervising  Principal;  Daniel  Web- 
ster Combined  Secondary  and  Primary 
School,  Eleventh  street  below  Thompson, 
Amelia  J.  Allen,  Principal;  Secondary  School 
No.  I,  Eighth  and  Thompson  streets,  Emma 
J.  Cossart,  Principal;  Secondary  School  No. 
2,  Franklin  and  Norris  streets,  Ella  Kucher, 
Principal;  Secondary  School  No.  3,  same 
building,  Laura  Macintosh,  Principal;  Pri- 
marv  School  No.  i.  Park  avenue  below  Web- 


WILLIAM  C.  HAINES. 


M.  WEBSTER  MYERS. 


J.  Morton  Thomas.  A.  M.,  Principal;  Gram- 
mar School  for  girls,  same  building,  M.  Annie 
Todd,  Principal;  Rutledge  Grammar  School 
(for  boys).  Seventh  and  Norris  streets,  Har- 
rison Walton,  Principal;  Grammar  School 
for  girls,  same  building,  Sarah  L.  Rumble, 
Principal;  James  Lynd  Combined  Grammar, 
Secondary  and  Primary  School,  Twelfth 
street  above  Columbia  avenue,   Deborah  L. 


ster,  Annie  H.  Snyder,  Principal;  Primary 
Schools  Nos.  2  and  3  (consolidated),  Mervine 
street  above  Jefferson,  Hester  J.  Neely,  Prin- 
cipal; Primary  School  No.  4,  Eighth  and 
Thompson  streets,  Laura  Kramer,  Principal; 
Primary  School  No.  5,  Ninth  street  above 
Montgomery  avenue,  Elizabeth  Knipe,  Prin- 
cipal; Primary  School  No.  6,  same  building, 
Mary  I.  Keeler,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No. 


I,  Franklin  and  Master  streets,  Augusta 
Stevens,  teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  2, Twelfth 
street  and  Montgomery  avenue,  Ella  F. 
Adair,  teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  3,  Eighth 
and  Thompson  streets,  Mary  L.  Lodor, 
teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  4,  1752  North 
Twelfth  street;  Kindergarten  No.  5,  Seventh 
and  Berks  streets,  Mary  M.  Knipe,  teacher. 

The  Park  Avenue  School  building  was 
erected  in  1864  and  was  originally  called  the 
Mary  Street  School.  In  it  were  placed  pupils 
from  the  old  Penn  Grammar  School,  at 
Eighth  and  Thompson  streets,  which  was  a 
much  older  school,  and  was  converted  into  a 
secondary  when  the  Park  Avenue  School  was 


fully  passed  the  first  examination  held  in 
Philadelphia  for  the  supervising  principal's 
certificate. 

Among  the  oldest  schools  in  the  Section 
are  the  primary  on  Mervine  street  and  that 
at  Ninth  street  and  Montgomery  avenue. 

The  Webster  School  was  organized  only  a 
few  years  ago,  the  first  Principal  being  Miss 
Elizabeth  Lodor,  and  the  second  Miss  Allen. 

The  following  are  among  those  who  have 
represented  the  Twentieth  Section  in  the 
Board  of  Public  Education:  William  C. 
Haines,  Henry  C.  Hickok,  Robert  J.  Leh- 
man, William  Y.  Colladay,  Judge  Joseph  C. 
Ferguson  and  Thomas  E.  Merchant. 


Miss  DEBORAH  L.  CORDERV. 

organized.  The  Rutledge  School  was  at  that 
time  a  consolidated  school,  under  the  Princi- 
palship  of  J.  Morton  Thomas,  and  the  latter 
was  transferred  to  the  head  of  the  new  school. 
Harrison  Walton  succeeded  Mr.  Thomas  as 
Principal  of  the  Rutledge  School. 

The  largest  school  in  the  Section  is  the 
James  Lynd,  named  in  honor  of  Judge  Lynd. 
It  was  opened  in  1877  and  in  it  were  placed 
the  pupils  of  the  Warnock  School,  located  on 
Warnock  street  above  Oxford,  which  had 
been  organized  ten  years  previous.  Miss 
Cordery  was  the  Principal  of  the  school  until 
it  was  combined,  when  she  was  elected  Super- 
vising Principal.     She  attended  and  success- 


WILLIAM  H.  BUCK. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Twentieth  Section  in  1896  was  WilUam 
C.  Haines;  born  in  Philadelphia,  January  13, 
1828;  elected  a  Director  in  1857;  chosen 
President  in  1868;  was  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Education  from  1864  to  1868. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  M.Webster 
Myers;  born  in  Philadelphia,  December  11, 
1841;  elected  a  Director  in  1892;  chosen  Sec- 
retary in  1893. 

\\'illiam  H.  Buck  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Pa.,  November  19,  1834;  elected  a 
Director  in  1867. 


358 


PARK  AVENUE  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL, 

Park  Avenue,  below  Master  Street, 

Twentieth  Section. 


Walter  S.  Ridgway  was  born  in  Philadel-  rector  in  1894;  is  a  daughter  of  Thomas  A. 

phia,  February  22,  1848;  elected  a  Director  in  Grace,  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education. 

1892.  David  Simpson  Smith  was  born  in  Phila- 

Mrs.    Llewellyn   A.    Sawyer   was   born   in  delphia,  June  16,  1861;  elected  a  Director  in 

Philadelphia,  January  10,  1848;  elected  a  Di-  1896. 


361 


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DANIEL  WEBSTER  COMBINED  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 

Eleventh  Street,  below  Thompson. 

Twentieth  Section. 


365 


RUTLEDGE  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL, 

Northwest  corner  Seventh  and  Norris  Streets. 

Twentieth  Section. 

(From  an  old  wood  cut.) 


367 


Schools  of  the  Twenty =first  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Twenty-hrst  Ward 
of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises 
the  Twenty-first  Section  of  the  First  School 
District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  School  lane  and 
the  Schuylkill  River;  School  lane  to  Township 
line,  to  County  line,  to  the  Schuylkill  River. 

The  schools  of  the  Twenty-first  Section  are 
as  follows:  Manayunk  Grammar  School, 
Green  lane  below  Wood  street,   Manayunk, 


ROBERT  T.  MURPHY. 

Robert  T.  Murphy,  Principal;  Fairview  Com- 
bined Grammar  Secondary  and  Primary, 
Manayunk  avenue  below  Green  lane,  Mana- 
yunk, Emma  B.  Budd,  Supervising  Principal; 
Washington  Combined  Secondary  and  Pri- 
mary, Shur's  lane  above  Cresson  street,  and 
Ridge  avenue  and  Kalos  street  (two  build- 
ings), Retta  H.  Thompson,  Supervising  Prin- 
cipal;   Schuylkill    Combined    Secondary    and 


Primary,  Washington  street  below  Jefferson, 
Manayunk,  Catharine  C.  Conway,  Supervis- 
ing Principal;  Levering  Consolidated  School, 
Ridge  avenue  and  Martin  street,  Rox- 
borough,  Emma  V.  Thomas,  Principal; 
Andora  Consolidated  School,  Shawmont 
avenue,  west  of  Ridge  avenue,  Matilda  J. 
Chambers,  Principal;  Alfred  Crease  Second- 
ary, Wissahickon  avenue  and  Walnut  lane, 
Mary  A.  Conway,  Principal;  Manatawna 
Secondary  School,  Ridge  avenue  between 
Ninth  and  Tenth  Mile  Stones,  M.  Louisa 
Harper,  Principal;  Manayunk  Primary  School, 
Green  lane  below  Wood  street,  Laura  A.  Hull, 
Principal;  Roxborough  Primary  School, 
Ridge  and  Parker's  avenues,  Martha  Woerner, 
Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i,  Wissahickon 
avenue  above  West  Walnut  lane.  Amy  Olive 
Lewis,  teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  2,  Green 
lane,  Manayunk,  Mary  J.  Kurtz,  teacher. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  schools  from  an 
historical  standpoint  in  the  City  of  Philadel- 
phia is  the  Levering  School.*  When  Rox- 
borough was  first  settled  there  was  no  school 
of  any  kind  nearer  than  Germantown.  In 
1748,  however,  William  Levering  and 
Hannah,  his  wife,  conveyed  a  lot  of  land  to 
seven  trustees  for  school  purposes.  The  lot 
was  the  one  on  which  the  present  Levering 
public  school  stands. 

A  school-house  was  soon  built  on  this 
piece  of  ground.  It  was  a  small  one-story 
stone  building  and  in  it  the  rudiments  were 
taught. 

*For  the  facts  herein  contained  regarding  this  old  school, 
the  author  is  indebted  to  Mrs.  Emma  V.  Thomas,  who,  a  few 
years  ago,  prepared  an  exhaustive  historical  sketch  of  the 
same. 


369 


The  number  of  pupils  increased  year  by  year, 
and  in  1771  additional  land  was  donated  by 
Andrew  Wood  and  Elizabeth,  his  wife,  south 
of  the  first  lot.  William  and  Hannah  Lever- 
ing also  donated  additional  land  to  the  north. 
In  1798-9  the  school-house  was  enlarged  and 
an  adjoining  building  was  erected  to  accom- 
modate a  resident  teacher  and  his  family. 

It  has  been  impossible  to  ascertain  the 
names  of  the  earliest  teachers.  The  first  per- 
sons named  in  the  record  were  a  Mr.  Sefton 
and  a  Mr.  Broderick.  Another  of  the  early 
teachers  was  Mathias  Maris,  a  nephew  of 
William  Levering.  Among  the  subsequent 
teachers  were  John  Holgate,  John  Righter, 
Joseph  Dickinson,  Thomas  Grant,  Curtis  Gil- 
bert, Tilman  Gulp,  James  Satterson,  Joseph 
H.  Hoffman,  Frank  Boutcher  and  Mary  F. 
Garner, 

The  Lancasterian  system  was  adopted  in 
181 8  and  continued  for  only  one  year,  when 
a  return  was  made  to  the  former  methods  of 
instruction. 

In  182 1  the  school  was  incorporated.  Prior 
to  1840  the  teachers  were  paid  by  the  parents 
of  the  pupils,  although  indigent  children  were 
taken  free  of  cost,  at  the  expense  of  the 
county. 

By  an  Act  of  Assembly,  approved  April  1 7, 
1846,  the  school  directors  ofRoxborough  were 
empowered  to  perform  all  the  duties  previ- 
ously performed  by  the  trustees  of  the  school. 
Further  legislation,  in  1854,  vested  the  powers 
of  trustees  in  the  trustees  of  the  Roxborough 
Lyceum,  and  in  1857  the  school-house  and 
property  was  vested  in  the  City  of  Philadel- 
phia, to  hold  in  trust  for  school  purposes. 
A  new  edifice  was  erected  in  1857, 

The  old  building  had  not  only  been  us  d  as 
a  school,  but  for  mmierous  other  purposes. 
Elections  had  been  held  in  it,  it  having  been 
for  some  years  the  only  public  l:aiilding  in 
Roxborough.  It  had  also  been  used  for  relig- 
ious services  before  the  Roxborough  Baptist 
Church  was  built,  and  when  that  structure 
was  burned  down.  During  the  Revolution- 
ary W^ar,  when  orders  came  for  drafting  of 


men,  the  citizens  assembled  in  the  school- 
house  to  enroll  themselves  for  service. 

In  1 86 1  the  school  appeared  on  the  records 
as  the  Levering  Unclassified  and  Levering 
Primary  School.  In  1864  the  name  of  the 
Levering  Unclassified  School  was  changed  to 
Levering  Consolidated  School,  the  name  by 
which  it  has  been  known  ever  since,  and  in 
1868  this  school  and  the  primary  were  con- 
solidated as  one  school. 

Mrs.  Enmia  V.  Thomas,  the  ])resent  Super- 
vising Principal,  was  elected  in  September, 
1886,  and  is  one  of  the  most  capable  and  pro- 
gressive of  Philadelphia's  teachers. 

In  1896  the  present  building  of  the  Lever- 
ing school  was  completed  on  the  site  of  the 
historic  edifice. 

The  second  oldest  school  in  the  Section  is 
the  Roxborough  Primary  School,  which  cele- 
brated its  semi-centennial,  December  22, 
1896.  It  was  for  many  years  a  grammar 
school  and  was  at  one  time  called  the  Dickin- 
son Grammar  School,  in  honor  of  an  old  resi- 
dent and  former  school  director  in  Roxbor- 
ough. 

The  old  colonial  style  school-house,  still 
standing,  was  erected  in  1846,  and  bears  the 
inscription:  ''Roxborough  Public  School, 
SixthSection,  First  District,  of  Penna.,  1846," 
The  school  was  organized  some  time  during 
that  year,  but  the  records  are  meagre  as  to 
its  early  history. 

\\^illiam  H.  Hunter  was  the  first  Principal 
of  the  grammar  department,  with  Miss  Mar- 
garet M.  Morrison  as  his  assistant,  while 
Miss  Catharine  Worrell  was  the  first  Princi- 
pal of  the  primary  department,  with  Miss 
Eliza  E.  Stott  as  assistant. 

There  have  been  numerous  changes  in  the 
school,  it  being  now  a  primary.  From  it 
have  gone  some  of  the  best  known  cit- 
izens of  Roxborough,  and  some  who  have 
won  distinction  elsewhere.  Among  the  grad- 
uates is  Andrew  J.  Morrison,  Assistant  Su- 
perintendent of  Public  Schools. 

The  building  in  which  the  Manayunk  Pri- 
mary School  is  located  was  erected  in  1845, 


and  was  occupied  by  the  Manayiink  Gram- 
mar School  until  a  new  school-house  was 
built  in  1893,  to  which  the  grammar  depart- 
ment was  removed. 

The  Manatawna  School  building  was 
erected  in  1 851,  and  for  many  years  con- 
tained a  grammar  school.  Being  at  the  ex- 
treme end  of  the  Section,  it  has  rapidly  de- 
creased in  numl)ers,  and  has  been  reduced  to 
a  single  division. 

The  Washington  School  is  located  in  two 
buildings,  one  called  the  Wissahickon  and 
the  other  the  Shur's  Lane  School.   The  latter 


Sr..  John  J.  Thomas,  Charles  Thomson  Jones 
and  William  H.  Lewis.  Edward  T.  Steel  rep- 
resented the  Section  in  the  Board  of  Public 
Education  for  manv  years.  Rudolph  S.  Wal- 
ton is  now  the  member  from  the  Twenty-first 
Section.  Among  the  prominent  ex-Di- 
rectors who  are  still  living  are  Joseph  M. 
Adams,  William  F.  Dixon,  Josiah  Linton, 
Howard  M.  Levering,  Magistrate  Maurice  F. 
Wilhere,  A.  El  wood  Jones  and  L.  M.  Jones. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  oi 
the   Twenty-first   Section  in   1896  was   Wil- 


LEVI  C.  HART. 


WILLIAM  RING. 

building  was  erected  in  1854,  and  the  Wissa- 
hickon school-house  was  built  in  1888.  The 
Andora  school  building  was  erected  in  1870, 
and  the  Fairview  in  1878. 

Former  Directors  of  the  Twenty-first  Sec- 
tion who  were  particularly  prominent  and  who 
are  now  deceased,  include  Joseoh  H.  Hoff- 
man, Alfred  Crease,  H.  N.  Uhler,  M.  D.,  Wil- 
ham  H.  Hill,  David  T.  Trites,  M.  D.,  James  B. 
Winpenny,  John  B.  Moyer,  John  Markle, 
John  S.  Davis,  Benjamin  Schofield,  William 
Dawson,  Anthony  D.  Levering,  N.  L.  Jones, 


liam  Ring;  born  in  Chester  County,  Pa., 
April  4,  1830;  elected  a  Director  in  1871 ;  was 
President  of  the  Board,  1874-8,  and  again 
elected  President  in  1896. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Levi  C. 
Hart;  born  in  Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia, 
February  5,  185 1;  elected  a  Director  in  1889; 
chosen  Secretary  in  1894;  is  Crier  in  the 
Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  No.  i. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Harry 
Gill,  Isaiah  T.  Ryan,  Johnson  Hughes,  John 
J.  Foran,  John  W.  Dodgson,  John  H.  Mur- 
ray, Dr.  C.  A.  Frame,  Andrew  Flanagan,  John 
J.  Foulkrod  and  James  L  Cooke. 


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Schools  of  the  Twenty=second  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Twenty-second 
Ward  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  vvhicli  com- 
prises the  Twenty-second  Section  of  the  First 
School  District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  County 
line  road,  on  the  northeast  and  northwest; 
Wissahickon  and  Roberts  avenues  on  the 
southwest  and  Wingohocking  and  Tacony 
creeks  on  the  south  and  southeast. 

The  schools  of  the  Twenty-second  Section 
are  as  follows:  Germantown  Combined  Gram- 
mar, Secondary  and  Primary  School,  Adams 
and  Lafayette  streets,  Germantown,  William 
H.  Arnhold,  Supervising  Principal;  German- 
town  Girls'  Grammar  School,  Rittenhou^e 
street,  Germantown,  Anna  M.  Smith,  Prin- 
cipal; Joseph  C.  Gilbert  Consolidated  School, 
Twenty-ninth  street  and  Highland  avenue. 
Chestnut  Hill,  Henry  C.  Payne,  Principal; 
Mt.  Airy  Consolidated  School,  Allen's  lane, 
Mt.  Airy,  Milton  C.  Cooper.  Principal;  F.  D. 
Pastorius  Consolidated  School,  Woodbine 
avenue  and  Sprague  street,  Germantown, 
R.  L.  Burns,  Principal;  Olney  Consolidated 
School,  Tabor  street,  Olney,  William  H. 
Sowden,  Principal;  Elwood  Consolidated 
School,  Oak  lane,  near  Old  York  road, 
George  W.  Bickel,  Principal;  Morton  Con- 
solidated School,  Green  lane,  Branchtown, 
Xenia  B.  Clampitt,  Principal;  Crescent  Con- 
solidated School,  Adams  street  near  Second, 
Crescentville,  Elizabeth  J.  Rook,  teacher; 
Rowland  Consolidated  School,  Row^landville, 
Helen  L.  Mac^Iillan,  teacher;  Feltonville 
Consolidated  School,  Second  street  and 
Fisher's  lane,  Feltonville,  Anna  M.  Duncan, 
Principal;  Central  Combined  Secondary  and 
Primary,  Centre  street  above  Evans,  Ger- 
mantown,    May    R.    Caroland,     Super\ising 


Principal;  Daniel  L.  Keyser  Secondary  and 
Primary  School,  Morris  and  Coulter  streets, 
Kate  W.  Shaffer,  Principal;  C.  W.  Schaeffer 
Combined  Secondary  and  Primary  School, 
Germantown  and  Wyoming  avenues,  Willis 
N.  Parker,  Supervising  Principal;  Andrew  G. 
Curtin  Secondary  School,  Musgrove  and 
Horter  streets,  Letty  W.  Shourds,  Principal; 
Joseph  E.  Hill  Secondary  School  (colored). 
Price  street,  Germantown,  Miranda  C.  Ven- 
ning, Principal;  Logan  Secondary  and  Pri- 
mary, Fisher's  lane  near  Logan  Station, 
Hester  J.  Bickley,  Principal;  Carpenter  Sec- 
ondary and  Primary,  Green  and  Carpenter 
streets,  Margaret  D.  Bockius,  Principal; 
Bringhurst  Primary  School,  Bringhurst 
street,  Germantown,  Elizabeth  J.  Hemphill, 
Principal;  Pittville  Primary  and  Secondary 
School,  Haines  street  near  Limekiln  pike, 
EHzabeth  H.  Mears,  Principal;  Andrew  G. 
Curtin  Primary  School,  Musgrove  and 
Horter  streets;  Coulter  Street  Primary 
School  (colored).  Coulter  street  near  Mor- 
ris, Germantown,  Isabel  T.  Woodson, 
Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i,  Pulaski 
avenue  and  Coulter  street,  Germantown, 
May  L  Wright,  Principal;  Kindergar- 
ten No.  2,  Morton  street  above  Haines,  Ger- 
mantown, Mary  Beatty,  teacher;  Kindergar- 
ten No.  3,  Centre  street  above  Evans,  Elsie 
M.  Johnson,  teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  4, 
No.  38  Bringhurst  street,  Germantown, 
Mabel  R.  Simms,  Principal;  Kindergarten 
No.  5,  Allen's  lane,  Mt.  Airy,  Ida  D.  Potts, 
teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  6,  Price  street, 
Germantow'n,  Julia  E.  Nutter,  teacher;  Kin- 
dergarten No.  7,  Twenty-first  and  Mill 
streets,     Lillian     Myrtle     Clarke,     teacher; 


385 


Kindergarten  No.  8,  Twenty-ninth  street  and 
Highland  avenue.  Chestnut  Hill,  Sue  C. 
Lemley,  teacher;  Franklin  Kindergarten  No. 
9,  Church  street,  S.  Ida  Walker,  Principal. 

The  largest  and  most  important  school  in 
the  Twenty-second  Section  is  theGermantown 
Combined  Grammar.  Secondary  and  Primary 
School,  the  building  of  which  was  erected  in 
1875.  For  a  number  of  years,  up  to  the 
summer  of  1896,  James  Monroe  Willard, 
who  is  now  at  the  head  of  the  Northeast 
Manual  Training  School,  was  the  Principal, 
and  under  his  most  excellent  management  it 
maintained  its  very  high  standard.  In- 
cluded in  the  corps  of  teachers  are  some  of 


Schools,  located  on  Cottage  street.  The 
present  building  was  erected  in  1871  and  the 
Harmony  Schools  became  the  Chestnut  Hill 
Consolidated  School.  The  name  has  recentlv 
been  changed  and  it  is  now  the  Joseph  C.  Gil- 
bert School. 

The  Mt.  Airy  School,  the  building  of  whicli 
was  erected  in  1872,  was  in  existence  at  the 
time  of  consolidation,  under  the  name  of  the 
West  Unclassified  School.  Among  the  other 
schools  of  the  Section  which  date  back  to  of 
before  the  time  of  consolidation  are  the 
Olney,  Elwood,  Morton  Consolidated,  Cres- 
cent, Rowland.  Feltonville  and  Bringhurst. 


WILLIAM  H.  ARNHOLD. 


OSCAR  NEWTON  MIDDLETON. 


the  best  to  be  found  in  the  city  and  the 
school  is  noted  for  its  thoroughness  in  work 
and  its  excellent  discipline.  Mr.  Willard  was 
succeeded  by  William  H.  Arnhold,  formerly 
Principal  of  the  F.  D.  Pastorius  School. 

The  Germantown  Girls'  Grammar  School 
was  in  existence  at  the  time  of  consolida- 
tion, and  in  the  same  building  was  the  boys' 
grammar  school,  since  removed  to  the  Adams 
and  Lafayette  streets  building. 

Before  the  Joseph  C.  Gilbert  Consolidated 
School  was  built  there  were  schools  in  Chest- 
nut    Hill    called    the     Harmonv    Grammar 


In  the  building  in  which  Primary  No.  7  is 
located,  a  school  known  as  the  Spencer 
Roberts  School  was  organized  in  1874.  The 
Pittville  Primary  School  was  organized  in 
1875.  The  Central  Combined  School,  Miss 
Caroland,  Principal,  was  organized  soon  after 
consolidation. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Twenty-second  Section  in  1896  was  Wil- 
liam D.  Kinsler;  born  in  Philadelphia,  in  1838: 


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elected  a  Director  in  1870;  chosen  President 
in  1880. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Oscar 
Newton  Aliddleton;  born  in  Philadelphia, 
August  3,  1863;  elected  a  Director  in  1891; 
chosen  secretary  in  1892. 

George  H.  Bickley  was  born  in  Montgom- 
ery County,  September  20.  1830;  elected  a 
Director  in  1874. 


Thomas  Meehan  was  born  in  England, 
March  21,  1826;  elected  a  Director  in  1879; 
has  been  a  member  of  Common  Council  since 
1882. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Eli 
Rorer,  William  G.  Carroll,  Howard  E.  Finley, 
Davis  Jarvis,  John  McNeil,  Charles  H. 
Topham.  John  S.  Warner  and  Samuel 
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Schools  of  the  Twenty=third  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Twenty-third  Ward 
of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises 
the  Twenty-third  Section  of  the  First  School 
District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  Frankford 
Creek,  Castor  road,  Dark  Run  lane  and  the 
Delaware  River. 

The  schools  of  the  Twenty-third  Section 
are  as  follows:  Marshall  Grammar  School, 
Franklin  and  Sellers  streets,  Charles  A. 
Singer,  Principal;  Alexander  Henry  Com- 
bined School.  Paul  and  Unity  streets.  Lurana 


Church,  Frankford.  Margaret  P.  Sinnott, 
Principal;  Henry  Herliert  Primary  School 
No.  2,  Frankford  avenue  below  Foulkrod 
street.  M.  Clara  Markle,  Principal;  Mary 
J.  Pfenning,  Principal;  Henry  Herbert 
Primary  School  No.  i,  Frankford  ave- 
nue below  Foulkrod  street,  Susan  B. 
Wright,  Principal;  Wilmot  Consolidated 
School  (colored),  Meadowand  Cherry  streets, 
William  H.  Cooper.  Principal;  Kindergarten 


CHARLES  A.  SINGER. 


ALEXANDER  HENRY. 


J.  Williamson,  Supervising  Principal;  White 
Hall  Secondary  and  Primary,  Tacony  road 
and  Pratt  street,  Whitehall.  Sarah  O'Con- 
nor, Principal;  James  Seddon  Secondary, 
Hedge  and  Brown  streets.  Isabella  M. 
Otter,  Principal;  Henry  Herbert  Sec- 
ondary, Frankford  avenue  below  Foulk- 
rod street,  Rebecca  T.  Shallcross,  Principal; 
Decatur     Primary,     Orchard     street     below 


No.  I,  Franklin  and  Sellers  streets.  Bertha  C. 
Wright,  Teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  2,  same 
building,  Emma  L.  Morris,  Teacher;  Kinder- 
garten No.  3,  Tacony  road  and  Pratt  street, 
Mary  A.  Vanhorn,  Teacher;  Kindergarten 
No.  4,  Franklin  and  Ruan  streets,  Annie  L. 
Gilbert,  Teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  5,  Frank- 
ford avenue  and  Foulkrod  street,  Maggie  M. 
Aitken,  Teacher. 


The  first  school  in  the  Twenty-third  Section 
of  which  there  is  any  record  was  in  a  small 
stone  building  at  the  corner  of  Spring  and 
Wain  streets,  Frankford,  the  funds  for  the 
erection  of  which  were  subscribed  by  residents 
in  that  vicinity.  The  building  was  erected  in 
1768,  and  the  property  was  held  by  a  board 
of  trustees.  There  were  a  number  of  other 
schools  prior  to  the  establishment  of  the  pub- 
lic school  system,  to  the  history  of  which  much 
interest  attaches. 

The  first  public  school  building  in  the  Sec- 
tion was  the  Marshall  School,  which  was 
erected  in  1840,  and  named  in  honor  of  the 
late  Chief  Justice  John  Marshall.     The  De- 


FRANKLIN  SMEDLEY. 

■catur  School  was  given  its  name  in  remem- 
brance of  Commodore  Stephen  Decatur,  who 
received  his  early  education  in  the  Frankford 
schools.  Henry  Herbert,  after  whom  an- 
other school  was  named,  represented  the  Sec- 
tion for  many  years  in  the  Board  of  Public 
Education.  The  Meadow  and  Cherry  streets 
building  was  named  in  honor  of  David  Wil- 
mot,  the  eminent  statesman,  and  author  of 
the  famous  "Wilmot  Proviso." 

The  Alexander  Henry  School  Building, 
which  was  dedicated  in  1870,  was  named  in 
lionor  of  the  city's  chief  executive  during  the 
period  of  the  Civil  War,  who  was  considered 
a  model  mayor  and  was  a  highly-esteemed 
citizen. 


During  the  last  half  century  the  following 
have  represented  the  Section  in  the  Board  of 
Public  Education:  John  Foulkrod,  Jacob 
Shearer,  Paul  K.  Hubl)S,  Henry  Herbert,  Ed- 
ward G.  Lee.  Thomas  W.  Dufiield,  William 
H.  Flitcraft,  ^Villiam  C.  Crans,  Nathan  Hil- 
les,  John  G.  Brenner,  Samuel  Wakeling  and 
Richardson  L.  Wright. 

The  schools  of  the  Twenty-third  Section 
are  all  of  a  high  standard.  The  present  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Public  Education,  Mr. 
Wright,  is  very  thoroughly  alive  to  the  needs 
of  his  Section,  and  takes  a  most  active  and 
practical  interest  in  the  schools. 


WILLIAM  WELLS  AXE. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Twenty-third  Section  in  1896  was  Frank- 
lin Smedley;  born  in  Frankford;  elected  a  Di- 
rector in  1885;  chosen  President  in  1891. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  William 
Wells  Axe;  born  in  Germantown,  December 
6,  1833;  elected  a  Director  in  1866;  chosen 
secretary  in  1874. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Frank- 
lin D.  Brown,  Mathias  Coats,  Thomas 
Creighton,  Joseph  P.  Deal,  Daniel  R.  Green- 
wood, William  H.  Hunter,  Michael  Quirk, 
Harvey  Rowland,  Jr.;  John  Shallcross  and 
Theodore  M.  Wilson. 


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Schools  of  the  Twenty=fourth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Twenty-fourth  Ward 
of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises 
the  Twenty-fourth  Section  of  the  First 
School  District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  the 
Schuylkill  River,  Market  street.  Meadow, 
Haverford,  Forty-fourth  street,  Belmont  ave- 
nue and  City  avenue. 

The  schools  of  the  Twenty-fourth  Section 
are  as  follows:  E.  Spencer  Miller  Combined 
Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary  School, 
Forty-third  and  Ogden  streets,  Jacob  H. 
Sides,  Supervising  Principal:  Belmont  Com- 
bined Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary, 
Forty-first  and  Brown  streets,  Sarah  H.  Wil- 
son, Supervising  Principal:  Morton  Mc- 
Michael  Combined  Grammar  and  Secondary. 
Thirty-fifth  street  and  Fairmount  avenue, 
Ellen  G.  Abernethy,  Supervising  Principal: 
Haverford  Combined  Secondary  and  Pri- 
mary, Haverford  street  above  Thirty-fifth, 
Sue  A.  Gaskill,  Supervising  Principal:  Joseph 
Leidy  Secondary  and  Primary,  Forty-third 
and  Jefferson  streets,  Elizabeth  D.  Barndol- 
lar,  Principal;  Warren  Secondary  and  Pri- 
mary, Thirty-eighth  street  below  Warren, 
Laura  J.  Ashmore,  Principal:  Astenville  Sec- 
ondary and  Primary,  Ford  road  below  Monu- 
ment road,  R.  M.  McCarroll,  teacher;  Mantua 
Primary  No.  i.  Thirty-eighth  and  Mt.  Ver- 
non streets,  Elizabeth  D.  Culbertson,  Prin- 
cipal; Mantua  Primary  No.  2,  same  building, 
Mary  E.  Lane,  Principal:  Kindergarten  No. 
I,  Forty-third  and  Jefferson  streets,  Sophie 
E.  Burgess,  teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  2, 
Haverford  street  above  Thirty-fifth,  Beatrice 
H.  Borst,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  3, 
Fortieth    and    Warren    streets,    Violet    May 


Mackenzie,  teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  4,  Ida 
I.  Donecker,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  5, 
Thirty-eighth  and  Warren  streets,  Marie  D. 
Sterr,  teacher. 

The  first  grammar  school  in  the  Section 
was  opened  in  the  Belmont  building,  on 
March  i,  1869.  The  first  Principal  of  the 
boys'  department  was  Jacob  H.  Sides,  and 
Miss  Mary  F.  Garner  was  at  the  head  of  the 
girls'  school.      The  E.  Spencer  Miller  build- 


JACOB  H.  SIDES. 

ing  was  erected  in  1887,  and  the  following 
year  the  boys'  department  of  the  Belmont 
School  was  transferred  to  the  new  building, 
the  Belmont  School  being  reorganized  as  a 
girls'  school.  Both  schools  were  placed  un- 
der supervision  in  1892. 

When  the  boys'  department  was  trans- 
ferred Professor  Sides  became  Principal  of  the 
E.  Spencer  Miller  School,  and  when  the 
schools  in  that  building  w^ere  combined  he 


was  elected  Supervising  Principal.  He  has 
been  connected  with  the  public  schools  in 
West  Philadelphia  since  March,  1857,  and  is 
one  of  the  most  efficient  Principals  in  Phila- 
delphia. Combining  the  observations  of  a 
long  experience  with  progressive  ideas  and 
common-sense  principles,  he  has  been  suc- 
cessful in  building  up  one  of  the  best  schools, 
not  only  in  West  Philadelphia,  but  in  the 
entire  city;  one  noted  for  its  excellence  along 
every  line  of  public  school  work.  While  he 
is  no  longer  a  young  man,  he  is  as  hale  and 
vigorous  as  he  ever  was,  and  is  ably  support- 
ing his  excellent  record  by  his  capable  man- 
agement of  the  E.  Spencer  Miller  School. 


1876,  and  in  1890  the  schools  in  it  were  com- 
bined as  the  Haverford  School.  Miss  Aber- 
nethy  was  elected  Supervising  Principal,  and 
was  succeeded,  in  1892,  by  Miss  Gaskill,  the 
present  incumbent. 

Three  grammar  classes  were  removed  from 
the  E.  Spencer  Miller  School  to  the  Haver- 
ford building  in  1894,  to  relieve  the  crowded 
condition  of  the  former,  but  the  organization 
of  the  Haverford  School  was  left  unaltered. 

The  Warren  building  was  erected  in  1873,. 
and  the  school  was  organized  January  i,  1874, 
with  one  secondary  department  and  two  pri- 
maries.    The  three  were  combined  in  1895. 


CHARLES  H.  CLARKE. 


CHARLES  FRANKLIN  SCULL. 


The  Belmont  School  is  another  very  large 
school,  and  is  ably  conducted  by  Miss  Sarah 
H.  Wilson,  who  has  been  Principal  and  Su- 
pervising Principal  since  1886. 

The  Morton  Mc Michael  School  was  organ- 
ized in  March,  1892,  as  a  girls'  grammar  and 
secondary  school,  the  first  pupils  being  trans- 
ferred from  the  Belmont  and  Haverford 
Schools.  Miss  Abernethy  was  elected  Super- 
vising Principal.  The  building  was  dedicated 
in  February,  1892. 

The  Haverford  School  grew  out  of  the  old 
Mantua  School,  which  was  organized  o\»er  60 
years  ago.     A  new  building  was  erected  in 


The  present  building  of  the  Astenville 
School  was  erected  in  1847,  but  the  history 
of  the  school  dates  back  much  further.  Pre- 
vious to  the  erection  of  this  building  the 
school  was  housed  in  a  frame  structure  at  the 
intersection  of  Monument,  Ford  and  Falls 
roads,  and  was  called,  from  its  locality,  the 
"Five  Points  School."  It  occupied  a  part  of 
a  large  tract  of  land,  owned  by  the  Aston 
family,  by  whom  the  lot  on  which  the  present 
building  stands  was  donated.  When  the  lat- 
ter was  built  the  old  frame  school  house  was 
moved  to  an  adjoining  lot,  and  is  now  occu- 
pied as  a  dwelling  house. 


406 


The  present  building  of  the  Mantua  Pri- 
mary School  was  erected  in  1872,  but  the 
school  was  organized  several  years  previous. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Twenty-fourth  Section  in  1896  was 
Charles  H.  Clarke;  elected  a  Director  in  1893; 
chosen  President  in  1896. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Charles 
Franklin  Scull;  born  in  Columbia,  N.  J.,  in 
1856;  elected    a    Director   in    i8qo.    for    one 


term,  and  again  in  1896;  chosen  Secretary  in 
1896. 

Rev.  John  Brooks  was  born  in  England, 
November  28,  1847;  elected  a  Director  in 
1894. 

Charles  E.  Graves  was  born  in  Watertown, 
X.  v..  May  24,  1836;  elected  a  Director  in 
1891. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  John  J. 
Daly,  William  Hammersley.  Lafayette  Hor- 
ter.  Dr.  William  B.  Jameson.  Dr.  William  G. 
Leaman,  Thomas  McCullough.  Dr.  A.  H.  C. 
Rowland  and  Millard  D.  Wimer. 


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HAVERFORD  COMBINED  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 
Haverford  Street,  above  Thirty-fifth. 
Twenty-fourth  Section. 


Schools  of  the  Twenty=fifth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Ward 
of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises 
the  Twenty-fifth  Section  of  the  First  School 
District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  Lehigh  avenue, 
Kensington  avenue,  the  Delaware  River  and 
Frankford  Creek. 

The  schools  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Section 
are  as  follows:  John  H.  \\'ebster  Grammar 
School.  Frankford  avenue  and  Ontario  street, 


Supervising  Principal;  Bridesburg  Combined 
Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary  School, 
Richmond  and  Jenks  streets.  Bridesburg,  T. 
Worcester  Worrell.  Supervising  Principal; 
Sherman  Combined  Secondary  and  Primary 
School,  Frankford  avenue  and  Somerset 
street,  and  Frankford  avenue  and  Hart  lane 
(two  buildings),  Mattie  Marsden.  Supervis- 
ing Principal;  John  H.   Webster  Secondary 


>nSS  JOSEPHINE  HAMILL. 

Josephine  Hamill,  Principal;  James  Martin 
Combined  Grammar.  Secondary  and  Primary 
School.  Richmond  and  Ontario-  streets, 
Charles  F.  Michener.  Supervising  Principal; 
Henry  W.  Halliwell  Grammar  School. 
Frankford  avenue  below  Allegheny  avenue. 
L.  K.  Sterne.  Principal;  George  B.  McClellan 
Combined  Secondary  and  Primary  School, 
Thompson  and  Nefif  streets,  Annie  G.  Engell, 


CHARLES  F.  MICHENER. 

and  Primary  School.  Frankford  road  and 
Ontario  avenue,  Anna  E.  Frank,  Principal; 
Barton  Secondary  and  Primary  School, 
Frankford  avenue  and  Buckius  street,  Sallie 
E.  Todd.  Principal;  Carroll  Primary  School. 
Salmon  street  above  Somerset.  Ellie  J.  Brady, 
Principal;  H.  W^  Halliwell  Primary  School, 
Frankford  avenue  below  Allegheny  avenue, 
Maria  P.  Keeler,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No. 
I,    Richmond    and    NefT    streets,    Sallie    B. 


Sproul,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  2,  Ken- 
sington avenue  and  Harrowgate  lane,  Flor- 
ence J.  Reynolds,  teacher;  Kindergarten 
No.  3,  Richmond  and  Jenks  streets,  Adah 
Lettinger,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  4, 
Salmon  and  Somerset  streets,  H.  A.  R. 
Phillips,  teacher. 

In  1861  the  Twenty-fifth  Ward  was  formed, 
the  Nineteenth  and  Twenty-third  Wards 
being  divided,  and  a  part  of  each  going  to 
make  up  the  new  Twenty-fifth  Ward.  In 
1888  the  Twenty-fifth  Ward  itself  was  di- 
vided and  a  part  of  it  became  the  Thirty- 
third  Ward. 


J.  Morrison,  now  Assistant  Superintendent 
of  Public  Schools.  J.  Emory  Byram,  the 
present  Select  Councilman  from  the  Twenty- 
third  Ward,  followed  Mr.  Morrison  and  was 
succeeded  by  T.  Worcester  W^orrell. 

The  building  now  occupied  was  erected  in 
1889,  when  the  old  Irving  building  was 
abandoned. 

The  Carroll  School  was  originally  in  the 
Ninetenth  Section.  At  the  time  the  change 
was  made  Marmaduke  Watson  was  the  Prin- 
cipal. It  was  then  a  grammar  and  secondary 
school,  but  it  is  now  a  primary.  The  Princi- 
pals since  the  time  of  Mr.  Watson  have  been 


SAMUEL  N.  OLWINE. 


In  1 86 1  there  were  four  public  schools 
within  the  present  limits  of  the  Twenty-fifth 
Section:  the  Irving  School,  Bridesburg;  Bar- 
ton School,  Aramingo;  Carroll  School,  Rich- 
mond, and  a  small  primary  school  at  Frank- 
ford  avenue  and  Somerset  street. 

The  Irving  School,  from  which  the  present 
Bridesburg  Combined  School  was  created, 
was  fortunate  in  having  some  very  excellent 
Principals.  At  the  time  the  Section  was 
formed,  in  1861,  Edward  J.  Brodie  was  Prin- 
cipal. He  was  succeeded  in  1865  by  George 
H.  Stout,  now  Supervising  Principal  of  the 
Newton  School,  in  the  Twenty-seventh  Sec- 
tion, who,  in  turn,  was  succeeded  by  Andrew 


ALBERT  WEBSTER. 

Eugene  Smith,  E.  L.  McGowan,  Sarah  J. 
Brady,  R.  R.  A.  Brady,  Kate  Brady,  Lizzie 
Morris  and  Ellie  J.  Brady. 

The  Barton  School  is  located  in  a  small 
two-story  building,  and  is  a  primary  of 
higher  grade.  In  1895  Miss  Lever,  who  had 
been  the  Principal  of  the  primary  department 
for  thirty-five  years,  resigned.  A  testimonial 
was  presented  to  her  by  the  Board  of  Di- 
rectors, "for  her  faithful  and  untiring  devo- 
tion to  her  duties,  her  patience  and  firmness 
and  the  good  results  produced  through  her 
teaching." 

In  the  records  of  1861  a  school  of  two 
divisions   is   mentioned   as   l)einfr   located   at 


418 


419 


Frankford  avenue  and  Somerset  street,  in 
what  was  termed  the  "Tyndale  Mansion." 
This  building  was  remodeled  in  1868,  and 
the  school  was  reorganized  as  the  Sherman 
Consolidated  School.  The  first  Principal 
after  reorganization  was  David  Boggs.  In 
1872  the  school  was  changed  to  a  secondary 
and  primary.  The  two  departments  were 
combined  under  the  Supervising  Principal- 
ship  of  Miss  Marsden  in  1892.  An  annex  on 
the  opposite  side  of  Frankford  avenue  was 
rented  in  1884,  and  the  school  now  occupies 
both  buildings. 

The  Halliwell  girls'  grammar  school  build- 
ing was  erected  in  1872,  and  the  school  w^as 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  girls'  grammar 
departments  of  the  Sherman.  Barton  and 
McClellan  Schools.  Mrs.  K.  C.  Evans  was 
the  first  Principal.  She  was  succeeded  in 
1883  by  the  present  Principal,  Miss  Sterne. 

The  school  was  named  in  honor  of  the 
popular  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Education,  Henry  W.  Halliwell,  before  the 
rule  was  passed  which  prevents  the  naming 
of  school-houses  after  living  persons. 

The  Halliwell  PVimary  School  is  the  out- 
growth of  a  small  school  opened  in  March. 
1875,  *"  the  Episcopal  church  edifice,  at 
Emerald  street  and  Cemetery  lane.  Miss 
Maxwell  was  its  first  Principal,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Miss  Keeler,  the  present  Principal. 
In  April,  1879.  the  school  was  transferred  to 
the  Halliwell  building. 

The  John  H.  Webster  School  was  opened 
in  1873,  and  until  1896  was  called  the  James 
Martin  School.  Edgar  A.  Singer,  now 
Assistant  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools, 
was  Principal  for  fifteen  years,  resigning  to 
take  up  his  new  duties  in  1887.  Miss 
Josephine  Hamill.  the  present  Principal,  was 
elected  to  succeed  him. 

In  1893  the  boys'  grammar  school  in  the 
Halliwell  building  was  transferred  to  the 
Webster.  This  school  now  ranks  very  high 
among  those  of  the  city.  During  Miss 
Hamill's  Principalship  155  pupils  have  been 
promoted  to  the  higher  schools. 


The  John  H.  Webster  Secondary  and  Pri- 
mary School  was  first  called  the  Tioga  School 
and  afterward  the  James  Martin  School.  It 
was  originally  located  in  a  dwelling  house, 
and  was  later  transferred  to  the  basement  of 
a  church  at  Frankford  avenue  and  Ontario 
street.  The  present  building  was  erected  in 
1893,  and  the  school  has  grown  so  rapidly 
in  numbers  that  the  building  is  already  too 
small. 

In  1868  the  McClellan  ijuilding  was  erected 
and  the  school  organized,  the  first  Prin- 
cipal being  George  F.  Wilson.  A  building 
erected  on  an  adjoining  lot  in   1884  was  for 


GEOKGE  L.  HORN. 

a  time  called  the  McClellan  School  No.  2, 
being  under  the  same  Principal  as  the  other, 
Mrs.  Anna  M.  Spallen.  In  1885  the  school 
in  the  annex  was  changed  to  a  secondary  of 
higher  grade. 

The  McClellan  School  is  now^  a  combined 
secondary  and  primary,  the  Supervising  Prin- 
cipal being  Miss  Annie  G.  Engell. 

The  James  Martin  School  was  organized 
in  1896,  when  the  erection  of  the  building 
was  completed.  Most  of  the  classes  of  which 
it  was  formed  were  transferred  from  the 
McClellan  School,  and  Charles  F.  Michener, 
who  was  at  that  time  Supervising  Principal 


of  the  McClellan  School,  was  placed  at  the 
head  of  the  new  school. 

The  first  Controller  appointed  by  the  Board 
of  Judges  for  the  Twenty-fifth  Section  was 
James  H.  MacBride.  His  successors  have 
been  John  Fitz-Patrick  and  the  present 
member,  Thomas  W.  Marchment. 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Twenty-fifth  Section  in  1896  was  Samuel 
N.  Olwine;  born  in  Chester  County,  Pa., 
October  25,  1836;  elected  a  Director  in  1885; 
chosen  President  in  1886. 

The  Secretary  was  Albert  Webster;  born 
in   Philadelphia  in   1850;  elected  a   Director 


in  1875;  chosen  Secretary  in  1881;  is  a  son  of 
John  H.  Webster,  in  whose  honor  the  Web- 
ster School  was  named. 

Taylor  Faunce  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
March  29,  1853;  elected  a  Director  in  1893. 

George  L.  Horn  was  born  in  Hunterdon 
County,  New  Jersey,  July  19,  1825;  elected 
a  Director  in  1859  and  has  served  con- 
tinuously ever  since. 

James  McGowan  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
August  25,  1845;  elected  a  Director  in  1873. 

Fred.  M.  Wagner  was  born  in  Germany, 
February  13,  1848;  elected  a  Director  in  1889. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Dr.  A. 
H.  Boyer,  Lewis  S.  Campbell,  John  T.  Daly, 
Theo.  O.  Dost,  Frank  Lower  and  Robert 
McCov. 


432 


HENRY  W.  HALLIWELL  GRAMMAR' SCHOOL, 

Frankford  Avenue,  below  Allegheny  Avenue. 

Twenty-fifth  Section. 


GEORGE  B.  McCLELLAX  COMBINED  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 

Thompson  and  NefF  Streets. 

Twenty-fifth  Section. 


42s 


BARTON  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 

Frankford  Avenue  and  Buckius  Street. 

Twenty-fifth  Section. 

(From  an  old  wood  cut.) 


Schools  of  the  Twenty=sixth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Twenty-sixth  Ward 
of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises 
the  Twenty-sixth  Section  of  the  First  School 
District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  Passyunk 
avenue  and  Ellsworth  street,  along  Passyunk 
avenue  to  Broad  street,  to  Back  Channel,  to 
Eighteenth  street,  to  Washington  avenue,  to 
Broad  street,  to  Ellsworth  street,  to  Pass- 
vunk  avenue. 


Twelfth  and  corner  of  Twelfth  and  Federal 
streets,  (two  buildings).  Viola  W.  Daltry, 
Supervising  Principal;  Federal  Hall  Com- 
bined Secondary  and  Primary  School,  Seven- 
teenth and  Federal  streets.  Sallie  Morri- 
son, Supervising  Principal;  Francis  M. 
Drexel  Combined  Secondary  and  Primary 
School,  Sixteenth  and  Moore  streets, 
Martha    H.     Dunn,     Supervising    Principal; 


MISS  MARY  J    LAMBERTON. 

The  schools  of  the  Twenty-sixth  Section 
are  as  follows:  Jeremiah  Nichols  Combined 
Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary  School, 
Sixteenth  and  Wharton  streets,  Clarence 
Hampton,  Supervising  Principal;  George  W. 
Childs  Combined  Grammar,  Secondary  and 
Primary  School,  Seventeenth  and  Tasker 
streets,  Mar}^  J.  Lamberton,  Supervising 
Principal;  Jackson  Combined  Secondary  and 
Primarv      School,      Federal      street      below^ 


JOHN  SIMMOiNS. 

Primary  School  No.  i,  Wharton  street,  below 
Eighteenth,  Mary  Allwright,  Principal;  Pri- 
mary No.  2,  same  building,  Hannah  Maull, 
Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i.  Grace  T. 
Bagg,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  2, 
Twelfth  and  Federal  streets,  Elizabeth 
Donahue,  teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  3. 
Seventeenth  and  Tasker  streets,  Emma  L. 
Muller,  teacher. 


The  oldest  school  in  the  Twenty-sixth  Sec- 
tion is  the  Jackson  Combined  School,  which 
was  organized  a  few  years  before  consolida- 
tion. The  secondary  school  of  the  same 
name  in  the  Section  was  organized  as  a  gram- 
mar school  about  the  year  1879,  Watson 
Cornell  being  the  first  Principal. 

The  Jeremiah  Nichols  School  was  organ- 
ized as  a  boys'  and  girls'  secondary  in  1875, 
the  first  Principals  being  Mary  J.  Lamber- 
ton  and  Caroline  Freed.  The  Francis  M. 
Drexel  School  was  organized  as  a  boys'  and 
girls'  primary  in    1888.     The  most   recently 


Thomas  R.  Allen;  born  in  Philadelphia,  June 
24,  1853;  elected  a  Director  in  1878;  chosen 
president  in  1890. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Thomas 
Elliott  Berger;  born  April  14,  1845;  elected 
a  Director  in  1892;  chosen  Secretary  in  1894 
and  again  in  1896. 

Theodore  M.  Carr  was  born  in  Smyrna, 
Del.,  January  19,  1854;  elected  a  Director  in 
1894. 

Edwin  W.  Dougherty  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, June  21,  1843;  elected  a  Director  in 
1 89 1  and  again  in  1896. 


THOMAS  R.  ALLEN. 

organized  school  in  the  Section  was  the 
George  W.  Childs,  the  building  of  which  was 
erected  in  1894. 

The  Federal  Hall  School  is  in  a  rented 
building  that  was  formerly  used  as  a  market 
house,  and  the  primary  schools  known  as  No. 
I  and  No.  2  are  in  a  rented  church  building  on 
Wharton  street  below  Eighteenth, 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the     Twenty-sixth     Section     in     1896    w-as 


THOMAS  ELLIOTT  BERGER. 

Robert  McFadden  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia in  1835;  elected  a  Director  in  1893;  was 
also  a  Director  from  1870  to  1875. 

John  Simmons  was  born  in  Ireland,  April 
16,  1833;  elected  a  Director  in  1893;  was  a 
member  of  Common  Council  from  1881  to 
1883;  has  been  actively  engaged  in  business  in 
Philadelphia  since  i860;  is  a  resident  of  the 
ward  for  over  twenty-five  years. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Walter 
W.  Bell,  P.  J.  Halpin,  John  J.  Mulrenan, 
George  J.  Pollock,  A.  Frank  Stull  and  Henry 
B.  Widener. 


GEORGE  W.  CHILDS  COMBINED  GRAMMAR,  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 

Seventeenth  and  Tasker  Streets. 

Twenty-sixth  Section. 


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Schools  of  the  Twenty=seventh  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Twenty-seventh 
Ward  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  com- 
prises the  Twenty-seventh  Section  of  the  First 
School  District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  the 
Schuylkill  River  on  the  east,  and  Market 
street  on  the  north. 

The  schools  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Sec- 
tion are  as  follows:  Newton  Combined  Boys' 


Guy  Gundaker,  Principal;  Greenway  Consol- 
idated School,  Fifty-second  street  and  Wood- 
land avenue,  Elizabeth  J.  Riley,  Principal; 
Boons  Dam  Consolidated  School,  Island  road 
below  Bell  road  station,  Martha  McFarland, 
Principal;  Woodland  Avenue  Secondary  and 
Primary,  Forty-sixth  street  and  Woodland 
avenue,  Sarah  L.  Wiler,  Principal;  Elmwood 
Secondary  and  Primary,  Holstein  avenue  be- 


MISS  CORNELIA  W.  ELMES. 

Grammar.  Secondary  and  Primary.  Thirty- 
sixth  and  Chestnut  streets,  George  H.  Stout, 
Supervising  Principal;  Newton  Combined 
Girls'  Grammar.  Secondary  and  Primary, 
Thirty-eighth  and  Spruce  streets,  Sarah  E. 
Bradshaw,  Supervising  Principal;  Paschal- 
ville  Consolidated  School,  Woodland  avenue 
above  Seventieth  street,  Cornelia  W.  Elmes, 
Supervising  Principal;  West  End  Consoli- 
dated   School,    Sixtieth    and    South    streets, 


GEORGE  H.  STOUT. 

low  Eighty-fifth  street,  Mary  G.  Connell, 
Principal;  T.  C.  Price  Secondary  School, 
Forty-seventh  and  Locust  streets,  Lena  P. 
Wiler,  Principal;  Newton  Primary  School, 
Ludlow  street  below  Thirty-sixth,  EHzabeth 
R.  Smith,  Principal;  James  Miller  Primary 
School,  Forty-second  and  Ludlow  streets, 
Anna  E.  Rambo,  teacher;  John  K.  Lee 
Primary,  Fifty-third  street  and  Baltimore 
avenue,     Martha     G.     Campbell,     Principal; 


John  H.  Bartram  Primary,  Greenway  avenue 
and  Sixty-second  street,  May  Kenney,  Prin- 
cipal; Clearview  Primary  School,  Seventy- 
eighth  street  and  Buist  avenue,  Lidie  U. 
Smith,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i,  Forty- 
second  and  Ludlow  streets,  Esther  L.  Drake, 
teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  2,  Thirty-sixth 
and  Ludlow  streets,  Ada  H.  Wardle,  Prin- 
cipal; Kindergarten  No.  3,  Sixtieth  and  South 
streets,  Carrie  Benkert,  teacher;  Kindergar- 
ten No.  4,  Forty-sixth  street  and  Woodland 
avenue,  Adele  Snyder,  teacher. 

The  earliest  substantial  records  of  the 
schools  in  that  part  of  the  city  which  is  now 
the  Twenty-seventh  Section  are  those  of  the 


of  the  Section,  and  derived  its  name  from  a 
different  source. 

In  the  Bartram  School,  Alexander  Wilson, 
who  afterward  became  famous  as  an  ornithol- 
ogist, was  a  teacher  for  many  years.  The 
Principal  of  the  boys'  grammar  school  above 
referred  to,  in  1845,  was  L  Ortlipp,  while  the 
girls'  grammar  school  was  under  Elizabeth 
W.  Clark. 

In  1854  the  Greenway  Union  School,  as  it 
was  then  called,  was  organized,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  the  Newton  Primary  School  was 
formed.  The  Miller  Primary  School  was  es- 
tablished in  1865. 


GEORGE  p.  BLAND. 


year  1845,  when  the  schools  were  as  follows: 
Boys'  Grammar,  Girls'  Grammar,  Secondary, 
Blockley  Union,  Paschalville,  Paschalville 
Colored  and  West  Philadelphia  Coloied.  In 
1848  the  Paschalville  School  was  called  the 
Davidson  Unclassified,  and  in  1861  it  became 
the  Kingsessing  Boys'  and  Girls'  Unclassified 
School. 

The  year  1850  saw  the  establishment  of  the 
Boons  Dam,  the  Bartram  Unclassified  and 
the  Price  Unclassified  Schools.  The  present 
Price  School,  however,  did  not  grow  out  of 
the  Price  Unclassified  School,  but  was  organ- 
ized twenty-five  years  later  in  a  different  part 


GEORGE  J.  VAN  HOUTEN. 

The  building  at  Thirty-eighth  and  Spruce 
streets  was  erected  in  1872,  and  both  the 
boys'  and  girls'  grammar  schools  were  re- 
moved to  it.  The  Principal  of  the  boys' 
school  at  this  time  was  J.  F.  C.  Sickel,  now 
Assistant  Superintendent  of  Schools,  and  the 
Principal  of  the  girls'  school  was  Miss  L.  D. 
Elmes.  Jn  1875  the  present  Price  School 
building  was  erected,  and  two  years  later  the 
West  End  School-house  was  built. 

The  Newton  Boys'  School  building  was 
erected  in  1890,  and  the  boys'  department  of 
the  school  at  Thirty-eighth  and  Spruce  streets 
was  removed  thereto.     George  H.  Stout  is 


NEWTON  COMBINED  BOYS'  GRAMMAR,  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 

Thirty-sixth  and  Chestnut  Streets. 

Twenty-seventh  Section. 


the  Supervising  Principal.  The  same  year  the 
John  K.  Lee  School  was  established,  with 
Miss  Pentridge  as  Principal. 

In  1892  the  girls'  schools  in  the  Thirty- 
eighth  and  Spruce  streets  building  were  com- 
bined as  the  Newton  Combined  Girls'  Gram- 
mar, Secondary  and  Primary  School,  with 
Miss  Bradshaw  as  Supervising  Principal. 

The  Elmwood  Primary  and  Bartram  Pri- 
mary Schools  were  established  in  1893.  The 
newest  school  building  in  the  Section  is  that 
of  the  Woodland  Avenue  Secondary  and  Pri- 
mary, which  was  opened  in  the  autumn  of 
1895. 

The  Twenty-seventh  Section  has  been  rep- 
resented in  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
since  consolidation  by  the  following:  B.  F. 
Warren,  Isaac  Leech,  William  F,  Cooper,  J. 
N.  Marks,  W.  Ellwood  Rowan,  Daniel  Stein- 
metz,  B.  B.  Comegys,  Professor  G.  F.  Barker, 
W.  M.  Smith  and  Samuel  B.  Huey. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Twenty-seventh  Section  in  1896  was 
George  P.  Bland;  born  in  Philadelphia,  De- 


cember, 1851;  elected  a  Director  in  1891; 
chosen  President  of  the  Board  in  1895. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  George  J. 
Van  Houten;  born  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  No- 
vember II,  1844;  elected  a  Director  in  1872; 
chosen  Secretary  in  1895;  was  President  of 
the  Board,  1878-9,  also  1891-4;  is  a  court  of- 
ficer in  the  Orphans'  Court. 

Amos  Bonsall  was  born  in  Fernwood,  Del- 
aware County,  Pa.,  January  20,  1830;  elected 
a  Director  in  1877. 

John  S.  Callaghan  was  born  in  Scotland,^ 
August  2,  1849;  elected  a  Director  in  1895. 

J.  Penrose  Collins  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
April  30,  1842;  elected  a  Director  in  1896. 

Henry  Drake  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Pa.,  July  23,  1849;  elected  a  Director 
in  1880. 

George  I.  M'Leod  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia; elected  a  Director  in  1870. 

Samuel  Stanhope  Stryker  was  born  in 
Trenton,  N.  J.,  May,  1842;  elected  a  Director 
in  1872. 

Other  members  of  the  board  were  Dr. 
Frank  T.  Anderson,  Edward  A.  Beaumont,. 
Dr.  Albert  A.  Ghriskey  and  James  A.  StovelL 


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NEWTON  PRIMARY  SCHOOL. 
Ludlow  Street,  below  Thirty-sixth. 

Twenty-seventh  Section. 

(From  an  old  wood  cut.) 


Schools  of  the  Twenty=eighth  Section 


Up  to  the  close  of  1896,  when  the  Twenty- 
eighth  \\'ard  was  divided,  its  boundaries  were 
from  Broad  street  and  Susquehanna  avenue 
to  Germantown  avenue,  to  Roberts  avenue, 
to  Wissahickon  avenue,  to  School  lane,  to 
the  Schuylkill  River,  to  Susquehanna  avenue, 
to  Broad  street.  When  the  ward  was  divided 
Lehigh  avenue  was  made  the  separating  line, 
and  the  northern  of  the  two  parts  became  the 
Thirty-eightli  Ward,  while  the  other  remained 


Primary  School,  Fifteenth  and  Ontario 
streets,  John  P.  Garber,  Supervising  Prin- 
cipal ;  Glenwood  Combined  Grammar,  Second- 
ary and  Primary  School,  Thirtieth  and  Her- 
man streets,  John  S.  Lawrence,  Supervising- 
Principal;  M.  Hall  Stanton  Combined  Gram- 
mar, Secondary  and  Primary  School,  Cum- 
berland and  Sixteenth  streets,  William  J. 
Caskey,  Supervising  Principal;  George  H. 
Boker  Combined   Grammar,   Secondary  and 


JOHN  S.  LAWRENCE. 

the  Twenty-eighth.  The  schools  of  the 
two  Sections  will  herein  be  considered  under 
the  one  head. 

The  schools  of  the  Twenty-eighth  and 
Thirty-eighth  Sections  are  as  follows:  Forest 
Combined  Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary 
School  (two  buildings).  Falls  of  Schuylkill, 
Oliver  P.  Ely,  Supervising  Principal;  Ken- 
derton  Combined  Grammar.   Secondarv  and 


WILLIAM  J.  CASKEY. 

Primary  School,  Twenty-second  and  Ontario 
streets,  Ella  Al.  Lukens,  Supervising  Prin- 
cipal; Belview  Combined  Higher  Grade,  Sec- 
ondary and  Primary  School,  Twenty-sixth 
and  Cumberland  streets,  Edward  W.  Havi- 
land,  Supervising  Principal;  Kindergarten 
No.  I,  Twenty-sixth  street  above  Clarence, 
Anne  K.  Casselberry,  Principal;  Kindergar- 
ten No.  2,  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  Emily  M. 
Hanna,  Principal. 


When  the  Twenty-eighth  Section  was 
formed  in  1868,  the  Forest,  Kenderton  and 
Glenwood  were  the  only  schools  within  its 
boundaries  that  are  still  in  existence  under 
the  same  names.  Ten  years  later  the  Belview 
School  was  opened,  with  David  H.  Stout  as 
Principal,  and  in  1889  the  George  H.  Boker 
School  came  into  existence.  The  latest 
school  to  be  organized  was  the  M.  Hall  Stan- 
ton, named  in  honor  of  a  president  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education,  which  was 
opened  in  1891. 


CHARLES  FREDB:R1CK  ABBOT. 

From  the  time  the  Twenty-eighth  Section 
was  formed,  in  1868,  until  the  ward  was 
divided,  it  was  ably  represented  in  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  by  Charles  F. 
Abbot.  After  the  division  of  the  ward  had 
been  agreed  upon  in  1896,  Mr.  Abbot  was 
appointed  to  represent  the  new  Thirty-eighth 
Section  in  the  Board,  his  residence  being 
within  the  new  Thirty-eighth  Ward.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1897,  his  death  occurred. 

Charles  Frederick  Abbot  was  born  in  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  April  5,  182 1.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  that  city 


and  afterward  under  private  tutors.  At  the 
age  of  seventeen  Mr.  Abbot  entered  a  mer- 
cantile house  in  Richmond,  Va.,  and  was 
afterward  similarly  engaged  in  Newburgh  and 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  the  line  of  business  being  the 
shoe  and  leather  trade. 

In  January,  1845,  ^""^  removed  to  Philadel- 
phia, which  city  he  has  since  made  his  home. 
With  his  brother  he  became  interested  in  the 
manufacture  of  cotton  goods  at  ]\Ianayunk 
and  Fairmount,  and  continued  in  this  business 
for  four  years,  when  he  withdrew  to  devote 
himself  to  real  estate  and  building  operations, 
so  continuing  ever  since. 

Some  years  ago  Mr.  Abbot  acquired  a  con- 
siderable tract  of  ground  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Falls  of  Schuylkill  and  extending  toward 
Germantown,  a  large  portion  of  which  he  has 
since  developed  and  improved.  The  new- 
Queen  Lane  reservoir  occupies  fourteen  acres 
of  his  landed  property.  His  residence  near 
the  Falls  of  Schuylkill  is  an  historic  mansion, 
built  before  the  Revolution,  and  was  garri- 
soned by  Hessian  soldiers  during  the  British 
occupancy  of  Philadelphia.  The  present  resi- 
dence embraces  nearly  all  the  original  struct- 
ure, but  it  is  enlarged  and  modified. 

In  1858  Mr.  Abbot  was  elected  to  the  Penn- 
sylvania Legislature,  in  which  he  served  until 
1862.  The  period  during  his  term  of 
legislative  service  was  a  critical  one  in  the 
history  of  State  improvements  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  a  transition  period  in  the  progress 
and  development  of  the  State  system  of  trans- 
portation. Mr.  Abbot's  term  of  legislative 
service  also  covered  the  period  of  the  incipi- 
ency  and  early  progress  of  the  Civil  War.  He 
served  on  the  Committee  on  Federal  Relations 
and  was  one  of  the  commissioners  appointed 
l)y  Governor  Curtin  to  inquire  into  the  alleged 
frauds  incidental  to  the  furnishing  of  suppHes 
to  the  army.  He  served  the  Government  both 
at  home  and  as  a  volunteer  in  the  Thirty-third 
Pennsylvania  Regiment,  with  which  he  saw 
active  service. 

Since  1853  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  American  Baptist 


Publication  Society,  and  for  ten  or  twelve 
years  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  Bucknell 
University  at  Lewisburg,  Pa. 

In  April,  1868,  he  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Public  Education  and  con- 
tinued in  active  service  up  to  the  time  of  his 
death.  As  a  member  of  the  Board  he  dis- 
tinguished himself  by  faithful,  painstaking 
service.  He  was  a  regular  attendant  at  Board 
and  Committee  meetings  and  was  very  active 
in  the  work  assigned  him.     He  was  for  many 


Joseph  E.  Beckhaus  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Januarv  20,  1858;  elected  a  Director  in 
1894. 

Theodore  H.  Copeland  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia. November  7,  1867;  elected  a  Director 
in  1896. 

D.  H.  Gordon  was  born  in  Marlboro,  N.  J., 
December  26,  1853;  elected  a  Director  in 
1895. 

Edward  S.  Jackson  was  born  in  Wilming- 
ton. Del.,  in  1869;  elected  a  Director  in  1895. 


DR.  DUDLEY  W.  LANE. 


years  chairman  of  the  important  Committee 
on  Grammar.  Secondary  and  Primary  Schools. 


HAMILTON  W.  SHERLOCK 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Twenty-eighth  Section  in  1896  was  Dr. 
Dudley  W.  Lane;  born  in  Zanesville,  O.,  June 
3,  1859;  elected  a  Director  in  1893;  chosen 
President  in  1893. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Hamiltcn 
W.  Sherlock:  elected  a  Director  in  1893; 
chosen  secretary  in  1893. 


Albert  De  Prefontaine  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, March  24,  1852;  elected  a  Director  in 
1896. 

William  A.  Stuckey  was  born  in  Burling- 
ton, N.  J.,  November  11,  1861;  elected  a  Di- 
rector in  1896. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Harry 
Cain,  A.  L.  Egolf,  D.  P.  McGonigle  and  J.  J. 
Sites. 


GLENWOOD  COMBINED  GRAMMAR,  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL. 

Thirtieth  and  Herman  Streets. 

Twenty-eighth  Section. 


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461 


KENDERTON  COMBINED  GRAMMAR,  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 

Fifteenth  and  Ontario  Streets. 

Twenty-eighth  Section. 

(From  an  old  wood  cut.) 


463 


Schools  of  the  Twenty=ninth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Ward 
of  tlie  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises 
the  Twenty-ninth  Section  of  the  First  School 
District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  Broad  street  and 
the  Schuylkill  River,  Poplar  street  and 
Montgomery  avenue. 

The  schools  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Section 
are  as  follows:  George  G.  Meade  Combined 
Grammar    School,    Eighteenth    and    Oxford 


Primary,  Twenty-sixth  and  Jefferson  streets, 
Virginia  C.  Piper,  Supervising  Principal; 
Reynolds  Combined  Secondary  and  Primary, 
Twentieth  and  Jefferson  streets,  Annie  S. 
Jones,  Supervising  Principal;  Edward  Gratz 
Combined  Secondary  and  Primary,  Twenty- 
third  and  Jefferson  streets,  Helen  W.  Anstice, 
Supervising  Principal ;  Muhlenberg  Combined 
Secondary  and  Primary,  Seventeenth  and 
Master  streets,  Sarah  J.  Overn,  Supervising 


MISS  VIRGINIA  C.  PIPER. 


EDWARD  GIDEON. 


streets,  Edward  Gideon,  Supervising  Prin- 
cipal, and  Lucille  Cropper.  Vice-Principal; 
Robert  Morris  Combined  Grammar,  Second- 
ary and  Primary,  Twenty-sixth  and  Thomp- 
son streets,  George  W.  Flounders,  Supervis- 
ing Principal;  William  D.  Kelley  Combined 
Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary,  Twenty- 
eighth  street  and  Columbia  avenue,  C.  S. 
Boyer,  Supervising  Principal;  Elisha  Kent 
Kane    Combined    Grammar,    Secondary    and 


Principal;  Primary  School  No.  i.  Twenty- 
sixth  street  and  Columbia  avenue,  Annie  E. 
Ring,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i.  Twenty- 
sixth  and  Jefferson  streets,  C.  Belle  T.  Clay, 
Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  2,  South  Col- 
lege avenue  above  Nineteenth  street,  Frances 
E.  Still,  teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  3,  2331 
Oxford  street,  Ida  Florence  Slemmer,  teacher; 
Kindergarten  No.  4,  Seventeenth  and  Master 
streets,  Emma  Kimes,  teacher. 


465 


The  first  school  organized  within  the  Hmits 
of  what  is  now  the  Twenty-ninth  Section  was 
estabhshed  in  the  basement  of  an  uncom- 
pleted church  edifice,  on  Twenty-eighth  street 
above  Girard  avenue.  What  is  now  Twenty- 
eighth  street  was  at  that  time  a  dirt  road 
w^hich  led  to  Turner's  lane,  passing  through 
the  district  called  Morris  City.  The  school 
was  called  the  Snyder  Unclassified  School, 
being  named  in  honor  of  Simon  Snyder,  a 
former  Governor  of  Pennsylvania.  Its  teach- 
ers were  G.  W.  B.  Felton  and  James  Leonard. 
The  building  was  burned  down  in  1852,  and 
the  school  was  transferred  to  a  frame  buildine 


the  new  building  it  was  known  as  the 
Reynolds  School,  and  as  such  exists  to-dav. 

About  the  same  time  a  school-house  was 
built  on  the  site  of  the  present  Robert  Morris 
School,  Twenty-sixth  and  Thompson  streets. 
It  was  called  the  Morris  City  School. 

After  consolidation,  up  to  1869,  that  part 
of  the  city  in  which  the  above-named  schools 
were  located  was  within  the  limits  of  the 
Twentieth  Ward.  In  that  year  the  Twentieth 
Ward  was  divided  and  became  known  as  the 
Twentieth  Ward  East  and  the  Twentieth 
Ward  West.  P.  A.  B.  Widener  became  the 
Controller  for  the  Twentieth  Section  West. 


DR.  W.  M.  L.  ZIEGLER. 


DR.  WALTER  ROACH. 


located  along  the  same  road,  a  little  nearer  to 
Morris  City. 

The  first  building  erected  for  school 
purposes  in  the  Twenty-ninth  Section,  then 
the  Eleventh  Section,  by  the  county 
authorities  was  the  Muhlenberg  School, 
Seventeenth  and  Master  streets,  which 
was  built  before  consolidation.  About 
the  year  1865  a  school-house  was  built  at 
Twentieth  and  Jefferson  streets,  and  to  it  was 
transferred  what  had  originally  been  the 
Snyder  Unclassified  School,  which  had  been 
located  for  some  time  in  a  rented  building  on 
Nicholas  street  near  Twenty-second,  and 
called  the  Benton  Consolidated  School.     In 


which  was  subsequently,  in  1871.  made  a  new 
ward,  the  Twenty-ninth. 

In  November,  1870,  the  Board  of  Directors 
of  the  Twentieth  Section  West  adopted  a 
resolution  providing  that  beginning  January 
I,  1 87 1,  the  Principal  of  the  boys'  grammar 
school  should  act  as  Superintendent  of  the 
schools  of  the  Section.  This  was  the  first 
experiment  of  the  kind  in  Philadelphia,  and 
was  eminently  successful.  Edward  Gideon, 
now  Supervising  Principal  of  the  Meade 
School,  was  elected  to  the  Superintendency, 
being  at  the  same  time  Principal  of  the  Rey- 
nolds Bovs'  Grammar  School. 


466 


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467 


In  1875  the  George  (1.  Meade  School  build- 
ing was  erected,  and  the  Reynolds  Grammar 
School  was  transferred  thereto.  The  Reyn- 
olds School  was  then  reorganized  as  a  second- 
ary and  primary,  the  boys'  department  under 
A.  S.  Jones,  and  the  girls  under  A.  B.  Thomas. 

The  schools  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Section 
are  among  the  best  in  the  city.  They  are  for- 
tunate in  having  good  Principals  and  are 
mostly  well  housed. 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Twenty-ninth  Section  in  1896  was  Dr. 
W.  M.  L.  Ziegler;  born  in  IMount  Joy,  Pa., 
in  1851;  elected  a  Director  in  1890;  chosen 
President  in  1896. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  John  H. 
Yearsley;  born  in  Philadelphia,  February  9, 


1842;  elected  a  Director  in  1869;  chosen  Sec- 
retary in  1 87 1. 

Walter  Graham  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
October  5,  1851;  elected  a  Director  in  1888. 

Dr.  Lambert  Ott  was  born  in  Independ- 
ence, Mo.,  September  25,  1856;  elected  a 
Director  in  1888. 

Dr.  Walter  Roach  was  born  in  Scranton, 
Pa.,  June  3,  1866;  elected  a  Director  in  1896. 

David  H.  Shourds  w'as  born  in  Philadelphia 
in  1837;  elected  a  Director  in  1894. 

Jacob  Frederich  Wacker,  Jr.,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  July  2,  1866;  elected  a  Director 
in  1896. 

Clement  A.  Woodnutt  was  born  at  Salem, 
N.  J.,  July  28,  1852;  elected  a  Director  in  1895. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Richard 
H.  Graham,  Dr..  Annie  B.  Hall,  Dr.  John  S. 
Miller.  Henry  P.  Nutter  and  James  H. 
Young. 


469 


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REYNOLDS  COMBINED  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 

Twentieth  and  Jefferson  Streets. 

Twenty-ninth  Section. 

(From  an  old  wood  cut  ) 


Schools  of  the  Thirtieth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Thirtieth  Ward  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Thirtieth  Section  of  the  First  School  District 
of  Pennsylvania,  are  Broad  and  South  streets, 
along  South  to  the  Schuylkill  River,  to  Ells- 
worth street,  to  Gray's  Ferry  road,  to  Wash- 
ington avenue,  to  Broad  and  South  streets. 

The  schools  of  the  Thirtieth  Section  are  as 
follows:  E.  M.  Stanton  Grammar  School  (for 
boys),    Seventeenth    and    Christian    streets. 


mary.  Twenty-fourth  and  Christian  streets, 
Mary  A.  Wallace,  Supervising  Principal;  Kin- 
dergarten No.  I,  Christian  street  above  Sev- 
enteenth, Katherine  McClellan,  teacher;  Kin- 
dergarten No.  2,  Twenty-fourth  and  Chris- 
tian streets,  Emily  F.  Campbell,  teacher. 

At  the  time  of  the  formation  of  the  Thir- 
tieth Ward,  in  1875,  by  the  division  of  the 
Twenty-sixth,  there  were  live  schools  within 


WILLIAM  J.  POLLOCK. 

John  M.  Murray.  Principal;  Grammar  School 
for  Girls,  same  building,  Emma  Christopher, 
Principal;  James  Pollock  Combined  Second- 
ary and  Primary,  Fitzwater  street  above  Fif- 
teenth, Mary  Fite,  Supervising  Principal; 
Chester  A.  Arthur  Combined  Secondary  and 
Primary,  Twentieth  and  Catharine  streets, 
Sara  M.  Irwin,  Supervising  Principal;  Wil- 
liam S.  Peirce  Combined  Secondary  and  Pri- 


ANDREW  B.  WALLACE. 


the  limits  of  what  is  now  the  Thirtieth  Sec- 
tion. Four  were  in  school  houses  owned  by 
the  city,  and  the  other  one  was  in  a  rented 
building.  These  schools  were  the  Edwin  M. 
Stanton,  James  Pollock,  Andrew  G.  Curtin, 
W  illiam  S.  Peirce  and  the  Western  School. 
The  latter  was  located  on  Bainbridge  street 
below  Nineteenth,  and  was  abandoned  when 
the  Chester  A.  Arthur  School  was  built. 


The  schools  of  the  Thirtieth  Section  have 
always  attracted  attention  by  reason  of  the 
progressive  spirit  displayed  by  the  teachers 
and  directors  of  the  Section. 

In  the  early  history  of  the  Section  the  late 
Francis  Gwynn,  was  a  prominent  figure.  He 
was  president  of  the  board  of  directors  for  a 
number  of  years.  Another  very  active  worker 
in  the  board  for  many  years  was  William  J. 
Milligan,  who  served  as  secretary.  As  the 
result  of  his  efforts  the  Section  is  able  to 
boast  of  being  the  pioneer  in  two  notable 
movements,  sewing  and  map  modeling,  both 


was  the  formation  of  a  pedagogical  library 
for  the  use  of  the  teachers  of  the  Section. 

The  girls'  grammar  school  has  been  under 
the  charge  of  ]\Iiss  Emma  Christopher  for 
many  years. 

The  boys'  secondary  department  of  the 
Pollock  School  has  been  under  the  charge  of 
Julia  Warwick  and  T.  C.  Watson;  the  boys' 
primary  under  T.  C.  Watson  and  Margaret 
Hirst,  and  the  girls'  primary  under  Miss  Pret- 
tyman.  When  these  departments  were  com- 
bined, Mary  Fite  was  elected  Supervising 
Principal,  and  has  so  continued  to  the  present 
dav. 


JOHN  M.  MURRAY. 


/ 


WILLIAM  J.  MILLIGAN. 


being  introduced  by  the  teachers  without  out- 
side assistance.  His  faithful  work  in  the 
interests  of  the  pubhc  schools  of  this  Section 
deserves  to  be  long  remembered. 

The  Principals  of  the  Stanton  Boys'  Gram- 
mar School  have  been  Moses  Peirce, J. S.Law- 
rence and  J.  M.  Murray.  Mr.  Lawrence  was 
instrumental  in  perfecting  an  organization 
known  as  The  Teachers'  Institute  of  the  Thir- 
tieth Section,  which  was  formed  at  the  in- 
stance of  Mr.  Milligan,  and  has  been  most 
helpful  to  the  teachers.  It  is  still  in  existence. 
One  of  the  earlv  results  of  its  establishment 


The  Principals  of  the  Arthur  (formerly  the 
Curtin)  School  have  been:  Boys'  primary. 
Miss  M.  A.  Wallace  and  Miss  E.  L.  Erskine; 
girls'  primary,  Miss  M.  E.  Snodgrass  and 
Miss  Barbara  Brown;  girls'  secondary.  Miss 
Snodgrass.  Sara  M.  Irwin  succeeded  the  lat- 
ter as  Supervising  Principal  of  the  coml^ined 
school. 

The  Principals  of  the  William  S.  Peirce 
School  have  been:  Boys'  secondary,  Miss  L 
Hinds  and  Miss  Philippa  V.  Chapin;  girls' 
secondary,  Miss  J.  Hinds  and  Miss  Mary  Fite; 


480 


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bu}>'  primary.  Miss  McAlpine;  i^irls'  primary. 
Miss  Carre.  Since  these  departments  were 
first  combined,  Mary  A.  Wallace  has  1)een 
Supervising  Principal. 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Thirtieth  Section  in  1896  was  William  J. 
Pollock,  the  member  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Education  from  that  Section.  [For  biogra- 
phy see  page  109.] 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Andrew  B. 
Wallace;  born  in  Philadelphia,  September  zj. 


1856;  elected  a  Director  in  1887;  chosen  Sec- 
retary in  1890. 

John  J.  Jack  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  1848; 
elected  a  Director  in  1889. 

George  F.  Nellins  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
June  18,  1861 ;  elected  a  Director  in  1895. 

Joshua  Russell  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  1836; 
elected  a  Director  in  1872. 

Joseph  E.  Young  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
January  17,  1858;  elected  a  Director  in 
1889. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Ben- 
jamin P.  Ashmead,  Joseph  W.  Catharine, 
Thomas  A.  Ferry,  Joseph  Fite,  James  Kater 
and  Dr.  Bavard  Murray. 


483 


485 


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A.  G.  CURTIN  SCHOOL, 

Twentieth  and  Catharine  Streets. 

Thirtieth  Section. 

(From  an  old  wood  cut.) 

(Site  now  occupied  by  the  Chester  A.  Arthur  School.) 


489 


Schools  of  the  Thirty=first  Section 


Tlie  hoiiiularies  of  the  Thirty-first  Ward  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Thirty-first  Section  of  the  First  School  Dis- 
trict of  Pennsylvania,  are  Front  street,  Xor- 
ris,  Kensington  avenue,  Lehigh  avenue  and 
Aramingo  avenue. 

The  schools  of  the  Thirty-first  Section  are 
as  follows:  John  S.  Hart  Combined  (irammar 


WILLIAM  H.  SAMUEL,  A.  M  ,  Ph.  D. 


School,  York  and  }ilemphis  streets,  W^illiam 
H.  Samuel,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  Supervising  Prin- 
cipal, and  Sarah  \V.  Dungan,  Vice-Principal; 
Witte  Combined  Secondary  and  Primary, 
York  and  Tulip  streets,  Sallie  F.  Simpson, 
Supervising  Principal;  Adams  Combined  Sec- 
ondary and  Primary,  Adams  street  alcove 
Amber,    Alary    M.  Gabrylewitz,    Supervising- 


Principal;  Lucretia  Molt  Combined  Second- 
ary and  Primary,  Huntingdon  street  below 
Sepviva.  Martha  McAlpine,  Supervising  Prin- 
cipal; Henry  Armitt  Brown  Combined  Sec- 
ondary and  Primary.  Sergeant  and  Jasper 
streets,  Helen  Jones,  Supervising  Principal; 
Primary  School  No.  i,  Emerald  street  below 
Front,  Emma  M.  Kimble,  Principal;  Primary 
No.  2,  Dauphin  and  Belgrade  streets,  Ella  W. 
Reese,  Principal;  Kindergarten,  Dauphin 
street  below  Belgrade,  Emma  L.  Gross, 
teacher;  Kindergarten.  Adams  above  Amber 
street,  Lillian  Ashton,  teacher;  Kindergarten, 
Huntingdon  street  below  Sepviva,  Grace  P.. 
Hermann,  teacher. 

The  Thirty-first  Ward  was  formed  in  1875 
by  the  division  of  the  Nineteenth.  At  this 
time  the  schools  within  the  limits  of  what  is 
now  the  Thirty-first  Section  were  not  com- 
fortably housed  in  regular  school  buildings, 
.but  were  mostly  located  in  inferior  rented 
structures.  The  organization  of  the  new 
Section,  however,  being  at  a  time  when  the 
progress  which  the  Centennial  was  designed 
to  illustrate  was  l^eing  talked  about  in  con- 
nection with  the  public  schools,  there  was  to 
a  certain  extent  an  awakening  of  the  people 
in  that  Section  to  the  school  requirements. 

When  the  new  Section  was  formed  the 
W'itte  and  Adams  Schools  were  within  its 
bovmdaries,  as  were  also  the  primaries  on 
Emerald  street  below  Front  and  at  Dauphin 
and  Belgrade  streets.  Li  1878  the  John  S. 
Hart  School  was  organized,  and  in  1882  the 
Lucretia  Mott  School  was  established.  The 
Henry  Armitt  Brown  School  was  established 
in  188;. 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  in 
1896  was  John  P.  MacBean;  born  in  Scot- 
land, April  4.  1864;  elected  a  Director  in 
1894;  chosen  President  in  1895. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  All^ert 
Pearce;  born  in  Philadelphia  in  October,  1847; 
elected  a  Director  in  1881;  chosen  Secretary 
in  il 


Dr.  Edwin  Hellyer  was  born  in  Bucks 
County,  Pa.,  in  1840;  elected  a  Director  in 
the  Nineteenth  Section  in  1868,  and  has 
served  ever  since  on  the  Board  of  the  Nine- 
teenth and  Thirty-first  Sections,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  two  years. 

William  Rogers  was  born  in  Ireland,  March 
27,  1856;  elected  a  Director  in  1893. 

David  H.  Ross  was  born  in  Ireland,  April 
16,  1844;  elected  a  Director  in  1880. 


JOHN  p.  MacBEAN. 

William  C.  Bird  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
in  1843;  elected  a  Director  in  1893. 

Francis  M.  Brower  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, April  3,  1856;  elected  a  Director  in 
1888. 

Franklin  P.  Buckley  was  l)orn  in  Philadel- 
phia, Octol)er  II,  1856;  elected  a  Director  in 
1893. 

Dr.  Henry  Fisher  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
September  19,  1856;  elected  a  Director  in 
1884. 


ALBERT  PEARCE. 


Oscar  E.  Smith  was  l)orn  in  Allentown, 
Pa..  November  22.  1855;  elected  a  Director 
in  1895. 

Cornelius  S.  Smullen  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia. March  29.  1853;  elected  a  Director  in 
1889. 

Stephen  J.  Donovan  was  born  in  Consho- 
hocken,  Pa.,  December  15,  1859;  elected  a 
Director  in  1894. 


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Schools  of  the  Thirty=second  Section 


Tlie  boundaries  of  the  Thirty-second  Ward 
of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises 
the  Thirty-second  Section  of  the  First  School 
District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  the  Schuylkill 
River,  Montgomery  avenue,  Eleventh  street 
and  Susquehanna  avenue. 

The  schools  of  the  Thirty-second  Section 
are  as  follows:  James  L.  Claghorn  Combined 
Grammar.    Secondary    and    Primary    School, 


WILLIAM  W.  BROWN. 


street,  M.  Elizabeth  Newhouse,  Supervising 
Principal;  Fontaine  Secondary  and  Primary, 
Seventeenth  and  Fontaine  streets,  Lavinia 
Van  Dusen,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i, 
1840  North  Twentieth  street,  Louise  A.  Bru- 
nelle,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  2,  2554 
Ridge  avenue,  Cora  E.  Hussey,  Principal, 


CHARLES  H.  BRELSFORD. 


Charles  H.  Brelsford.  Supervising  Principal; 
Joseph  Singerly  Combined  Grammar,  Sec- 
ondary and  Primary,  Twenty-second  and 
Berks  streets,  William  W.  Brown,  Supervis- 
ing Principal;  James  G.  Blaine  Combined 
Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary,  Thirtieth 
and  Norris  streets,  George  Wheeler,  Super- 
vising Principal;  Caniac  Combined  Grammar, 
Secondary  and  Primary,  Thirteenth  street 
and  Susquehanna  avenue,  Elizabeth  Caskey, 
Supervising  Principal;  Thomas  H.  Powers 
Combined  Higher  Grade  Secondary  and  Pri- 
mary, Susquehanna  avenue  and  Woodstock 


MISS     ELIZABETH  CASKEY. 


The  Thirty-second  Ward  was  formed  in 
1888  by  the  division  of  the  Twenty-eighth. 
There  were  then  three  schools  within  the 
limits  of  the  present  Thirty-second  Section, 
the  Camac,  Claghorn  and  Powers  Scliuools. 

When  the  Twenty-eighth  Ward  was  divided 
an  important  question  arose  in  connection 
with  the  school  boards.  Seven  members  of 
the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Twenty-eighth 
Section,  by  virtue  of  their  places  of  residence, 
became  members  of  the  Board  in  the  new 
Section.  They  claimed  the  right  to  organize 
the  new  board,  and  to  make  appointments  to 
bring  the  list  of  members  up  to  the  full 
complement. 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Thirty-second  Section  in  1896  was 
Abraham  L.  Allen ;  born  in  Philadelphia,  Sep- 
tember 30,  1857;  elected  a  Director  in  1890. 

The  Secretary  was  Charles  G.  Saul ;  born  in 
Philadelphia  in  1849;  elected  a  Director  in 
1892;  chosen  Secretary  in  1895. 

John  Minor  Bailey  was  born  in  Richmond, 
\^a.,  March  31,  1858:  elected  a  Director  in 
1896. 

Albert  A.  Bliss  was  bom  in  Philadelphia, 
April  9,  1855;  elected  a  Director  in  1896. 


■!fP(NSS^!l*W*~ 


ABRAHAM  L.  ALLEN. 


City  Solicitor  Warwick,  now  Mayor  W^ar- 
wick,  gave  a  decision,  declaring  that  such  ac- 
tion was  not  lawful.  The  Legislature  was 
accordingly  appealed  to  and  a  bill  was  passed 
early  in  the  season  of  1890,  providing  for  the 
commencement  of  the  terms  of  office  of 
councilmen,  school  directors  and  constables 
in  the  new  wards. 

Since  the  formation  of  the  new  Section  the 
Joseph  Singerly  and  James  G.  Blaine  School 
buildings  have  been  erected  and  those  schools 
organized.  Still  another  new  building  is  likely 
to  be  erected  before  very  long,  as  the  schools 
of  the  Section  are  crowded,  and  many  pupils 
are  on  half  time. 


CHARLES  G.  SAUL. 

William  H.  Gray  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
March  12,  1849;  elected  a  Director  in  1891. 

Abraham  L.  Hirscli  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, September  25,  i860;  elected  a  Director 
in  1895. 

William  Spratt  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
September  22,  i860;  elected  a  Director  in 
1894. 

Isaac  Sweeton  was  born  in  Ireland,  Octo- 
ber ID,  1855;  elected  a  Director  in  1896. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Joseph 
Butler,  George  A.  Cotton  and  Robert  M. 
Linton. 


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Schools  of  the  Thirty=third  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Thirty-third  Ward 
of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises 
the  Thirty-third  Section  of  the  First  School 
District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  Lehigh  and  Ken- 
sington avenues,  Frankford  and  Wingohock- 
ing  Creeks,  Bristol  Township  line,  German- 
town  avenue  and  Lehigh  avenue. 

The  schools  of  the  Thirty-third  Section  are 
as  follows:  Thomas  Potter  Ciranmiar  School, 
Fourth  and  Clearfield  streets,  Charles  G. 
Freed,  A.M.,  Principal;  Asa  Packer  Consoli- 
dated School,  Broad  and  MacFerran  streets, 
Charles  M.  Colladay,  Principal;  Boudinot 
Combined  Secondary  and  Primary,  Indiana 
avenue  and  D  street,  Mary  E.  Buggy,  Super- 
vising Principal ;  Fairhill  Combined  Secondary 
and  Primary,  Marshall  and  Somerset  streets, 
Jennie  Pittman,  Supervising  Principal;  Bay- 
ard Taylor  Combined  Secondary  and  Primary. 
Turner  street  above  Venango,  Emma  J. 
Hearder,  Supervising  Principal;  William 
Cramp  Secondary  and  Primary,  Howard  and 
Tioga  streets,  Sarah  Mills,  Principal;  Hopkin- 
son  Primary,  Green  street.  Rising  Sun,  Kate 
Potter,  Principal;  Cayuga  Primary,  Six- 
teenth and  Cayuga  streets,  Susan  A.  Bockius, 
Principal;  L  P.  Morris  Primary,  K  street 
above  Kensington  avenue.  Belle  W.  Ewing, 
Principal;  Thomas  Potter  Primary,  Fourth 
and  Clearfield  streets,  Elizabeth  S.  Myers, 
Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i.  Second  street, 
Cooperville,  Anna  B.  Finch,  teacher;  Kinder- 
garten No.  2,  No.  41 71  Germantown  avenue, 
Katharine  W.  Dewald,  Principal. 

The  Boudinot  School  grew  out  of  a  private 
school,  opened  in  1814  in  a  building  which 
was    erected    on    ground    donated   by    Elias 


Boudinot.  It  was  located  on  Hart  lane,  and 
was  managed  by  a  board  of  trustees.  In  1842, 
however,  it  became  a  public  school,  with 
Josiah  Kerper  as  Principal.  In  1848  the 
name  was  changed  from  the  Hart  Lane  School 
to  Liberty  Unclassified  School. 

This  building  was  abandoned  in  1874,  when 
the  present  structure  of  the  Boudinot  School 


CHARLES  M.  COLLADAY. 

was  erected.  In  1882  the  school  was  con- 
solidated under  the  Supervising  Principal- 
ship  of  Miss  Elizabeth  L.  Hall,  who  was  suc- 
ceeded in  1883  by  Miss  Buzby.  In  1889 
the  building  was  enlarged,  and  the  school 
now  has  fifteen  divisions. 

When  the  Liberty  School  moved  into  the 
Boudinot  building  the  distance  to  the  new 
structure  was  found  to  be  too  great  for  the 


509 


pupils  living  in  or  near  Cooperville,  and  a 
building  was  rented  on  Second  street  above 
Tioga,  and  given  the  name  of  the  Liberty 
School.  In  1896  this  school  was  transferred 
to  the  new  l)uilding  at  Howard  and  Tioga 
streets  and  called  the  William  Cramp  School, 
being  reorganized  as  a  secondary  and  pri- 
mary. Miss  Mary  L.  Keer  was  Principal  from 
1874  to  1896,  when  she  was  succeeded  by 
Miss  Sarah  Mills. 

In  1891  the  Thomas  Potter  School  building 
was  erected. 

The  Fairhill  School  was  organized  in  a 
building  on  Indiana  avenue  near  Sixth  street, 
that  was  originally  intended  as  a  stable,  and 


and  Sarah  Heft.  This  became  a  public  school 
in  1842,  and  Miss  Sarah  Heft  was  the  first 
Principal.  The  school  was  named  the  Ran- 
dolph School,  in  1848.  and  in  1851  became 
the  Randolph  Consolidated.  In  1880  the 
school  was  transferred  to  the  building  at 
Broad  and  MacFerran  streets,  and  the  name 
was  changed  to  Asa  Packer.  Charles  M.  Col- 
laday  has  been  Principal  since  1874. 

The  Hopkinson  School  also  started  as  a 
private  school,  being  established  about  1825, 
by  Mrs.  Susan  Passmore,  in  a  building  on 
Green  street.  Rising  Sun.  It  became  a  public 
school  in   1842,  and  was    given    its    present 


DR.  ROBERT  RODGERS. 

was  rented  by  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
in  1875.  Miss  Mary  J.  D.  Ealer  was  the  first 
Principal.  In  1879,  the  building  becoming 
dilapidated,  the  school  was  removed  to  a 
dwelling-house  at  Fairhill  and  Cambria 
streets,  and  in  1887a  new  building  was  erected 
for  the  school  at  Fairhill  and  Somerset 
streets.  In  1892  the  school  was  reorganized 
as  a  combined  secondary  and  primary,  with 
Miss  Pittman  as  Supervising  Principal. 

The  Asa  Packer  School  grew  out  of  a  pri- 
vate school  which  was  opened  some  sixty 
years  ago  in  a  house  on  Germantown  avenue 
opposite  Brunner  street,  by  the  Misses  Kitty 


THOMAS  NOON. 

name  in  1848.    Miss  Potter  has  been  Principal 
since  1874. 

In  1856  the  Franklinville  Consolidated 
School  was  organized  in  the  Franklin  Baptist 
Church,  Rising  Sun  Lane  and  North  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad.  The  first  Principal  was  Hen- 
rietta Woodruff.  In  1869  the  school  removed 
to  the  building  on  Turner  street  above 
Venango,  and  was  called  the  Enterprise  Con- 
solidated School.  The  name  was  changed  to 
Bayard  Taylor  Consolidated  in  1872,  and  the 
school  was  reorganized  as  a  combined  second- 
ary and  primary  in  1891. 


What  is  now  the  Tliirty-third  Section  has 
since  consoHdation  been  respectively  a  part 
of  the  Twenty-third  Section  and  the  Twenty- 
fifth  Section.  It  was  formed  as  the  Thirty- 
third  Section  in  1888.  The  members  of  the 
Board  of  Pubhc  Education  representing  the 
Section  since  that  time  have  been  George  W. 
Crouch,  Daniel  Collamer  and  William 
Wriolev. 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Thirty-third  Section  in  1896  was  Dr. 
Robert  Rodders;  born  in  Philadelphia,  August 
31,  1863;  elected  a  Director  in  1890;  chosen 
President  in  1894. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Thomas 
Noon;  born  in  Leicester,  England,  October 
22,  1843;  elected  a  Director  in  1880;  chosen 
Secretary  in  1894. 


Dr.  J.  Howard  Evans  was  born  in  Hatboro, 
Pa.,  January  2t,,  1848;  elected  a  Director  in 
the  Twenty-fifth  Section  in  1872,  and  with 
the  exception  of  one  year  has  been  a  member 
of  either  the  Twenty-fifth  or  the  Thirty-third 
Section  school  board  ever  since  that  time. 

Charles  Kaufmann  was  born  in  Philadel- 
])hia,  January  8,  1859;  elected  a  Director  in 
1896. 

Robert  A.  Linton  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
February  14,  185 1 ;  elected  a  Director  in  1895. 

James  Moffet.  Jr.,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Octo1)er  17,  1861;  elected  a  Director  in 
1 89 1  and  again  in  1895. 

George  Rickards  was  born  in  Delaware,  in 
1842:  elected  a  Director  in  1889. 

George  W.  Ruch  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
October  4.  1862;  elected  a  Director  in  1894. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Henry 
F.  Creely,  John  J.  Husband,  Martin  M.  Riehl 
and  Charles  Rittenhousc. 


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Schools  of  the  Thirty=fourth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Thirty-fourth  Ward 
of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises 
the  Thirty-fourth  Section  of  the  First  School 
District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  Market  street, 
Meadow,  Haverford,  Forty-fourth,  Belmont 
avenue,  City  avenue  and  Cobb's  Creek. 

The  schools  of  the  Thirty-fourth  Section 
are  as  follows:  Norris  J.  Hoffman  Combined 
Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary  School, 
Fifty-fifth  and  Vine  streets,  William  C.  Ja- 
cobs, Supervising  Principal;   Alartha  Wash- 


Mary  F.  Suplee,  Principal;  Heston  Pri- 
mary No.  I,  Fifty-fourth  street  and 
Lansdowne  avenue,  Martha  Brookmyre, 
Principal;  Heston  Primary  No.  2,  same  build- 
ing, Sarah  E.  Countiss,  Principal;  Kindergar- 
ten No.  I,  Fifty-second  and  Master  streets, 
Helen  Victorine  Ray,  Principal;  Kindergar- 
ten No.  2,  Forty-ninth  and  Parrish  streets, 
E.   Elizabeth   Bevan,   teacher;   Kindergarten 


JESSE  H.  MICHENER. 

ington  Combined  Grammar,  Secondary  and 
Primary,  Forty-fourth  and  Aspen  streets. 
Jesse  H.  Michener,  Supervising  Principal; 
Jesse  George  Combined  Grammar,  Second- 
ary and  Primary,  Sixty-third  and  Hamilton 
streets,  J.  Frank  Byler,  Supervising  Prin- 
cipal; James  Rhoads  Secondary  and  Pri- 
mary, Forty-ninth  and  Parrish  streets,  Anna 
B.  Miller,  Principal;  Heston  Secondary, 
Fifty-fourth   street   and    Lansdowne  avenue, 


JAMES  RHOADS. 

No.  3,  No.  4500  Westminster  avenue,  Laura 
V.  Taylor,  teacher. 

The  Thirty-fourth  Ward  was  formed  in 
1889  by  the  division  of  the  Twenty-fourth 
Ward. 

The  oldest  school  edifice  in  the  Section  is 
the  Heston  School,  which  was  built  in  1867 
and  named  in  honor  of  Matilda  Heston,  the 
original  owner  of  the  ground  on  which  the 
building  stands.     This   site  was   part   of  an 


estate  inherited  through  her  ancestors  di- 
rectly from  William  Penn.  An  adjoining- 
piece  of  the  same  property  had  been  granted 
to  the  school  authorities  some  forty  years 
previous,  and  on  it  there  had  been  erected  a 
rough  stone  school-house,  called  the  Heston- 
ville  School.  This  building  bore  the  date  of 
1829,  and  was  in  use  as  a  school-house  until 
the  newer  structure  was  ready  for  occupancy. 
It  was  removed  in  1873. 

A  small  frame  school-house,  also  of  early 
date,  accommodated  an  unclassified  school 
for  perhaps  half  a  century. 

The  Heston  School  was  opened  as  an  un- 
classified school,  and  has  seen  a  number  of 


and  primary,  three  di\isions  from  the  Hoff- 
man School  helping  to  form  the  new  organ- 
ization. The  school  was  named  in  honor  of 
Jesse  George,  a  highly  respected  citizen. 

The  Martha  Washington  school-house 
was  erected  in  1875.  The  school  originally 
contained  primary  and  secondary  grades. 
In  1893  it  became  a  combined  grammar, 
secondary  and  primary. 

The  Norris  J.  Hoffman  school  building 
was  erected  in  1881  and  was  opened  with 
four  grammar  divisions.  In  1883  the  build- 
ing was  enlarged,  and  secondary  and  primary 
grades  were  added.     These  departments  were 


GEORGE  HAUSMAN. 

changes  during  the  intervening  time  since 
its  organization.  Miss  Margaret  Furey,  who 
resigned  as  Principal  in  1887,  had  a  record  of 
forty  years'  service  in  the  public  schools. 

The  Jesse  George  school  building  was 
erected  in  1874.  It  was  opened  with  two 
secondary  and  three  primary  divisions  taken 
from  the  Haddington  School,  Sixty-sixth 
street  and  Merion  avenue.  The  latter  was 
organized  in  1850,  Miss  Annie  Culin  being 
the  first  Principal.  The  first  Principal  of  the 
primary  department  of  the  Jesse  George 
School,  Miss  Elizabeth  McCoy,  is  still  a 
teacher  in  this  school.  In  1895  it  was  reor- 
ganized as  a  combined  grammar,  secondar}'- 


WILLIAM  F.  MAGUIRE, 

all  combined  in  1890.  In  1894  the  l)uilding 
was  still  further  enlarged.  Norris  J.  Hoff- 
man, for  whom  the  building  was  named,  was 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
from  the  Twenty-fourth  Section  for  fourteen 
years. 

The  James  Rhoads  School,  named 
in  honor  of  the  late  Professor  James 
Rhoads,  at  one  time  a  professor  in 
the  Central  High  School,  and  father 
of  Joseph  R.  Rhoads,  the  present 
member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
from  the  Thirtv-fourth  Section,  was  erected 


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in  1891,  and  formally  opened  with  interest- 
ing exercises  on  November  20th  of  that  year. 
For  about  two  years  the  school  con- 
tained grammar  as  well  as  secondary  and 
primary  grades,  but  the  grammar  grades 
were  transferred  in  1893  to  the  Washington 
School. 

For  about  twenty  years  a  school  for 
colored  children  was  maintained  at  Fifty- 
eighth  and  Race  streets,  called  the  Union 
Colored  Secondary  School.  It  was  removed 
to  the  Jesse  George  building  and  in  1893  was 
discontinued. 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Thirty-fourth  Section  in  1896  was  George 
Hausman;  born  in  Germany,  February  13, 
1842;  elected  a  Director  in  1892;  chosen 
President  in  1895. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  William  F. 
Maguire;  born  in  Philadelphia,  November, 
1831;  elected  a  Director  in  1894;  chosen  Sec- 
retary in  1896. 


William  D.  Kunkle  was  born  in  Chester 
County,  Pa.,  in  1839;  elected  a  Director  in 
1896. 

Benedict  T.  Lawrence  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, June  7,  1854;  elected  a  Director  in 
1894. 

Charles  A.  Mann  was  born  in  Camden,  N. 
J.,  July  30,  185 1 ;  elected  a  Director  in  1894. 

William  H.  Pavitt  was  born  in  Ardmore, 
Pa.,  February  9,  1865;  elected  a  Director  in 
1896. 

M.  Henry  O'Neill  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, November  i,  1847;  elected  a  Director 
in  1890. 

Linnaeus  A.  Prince  was  born  in  Flushing, 
N.  Y.,  September  30,  1849;  elected  a  Director 
in  the  Twenty-fourth  Section  in  i88i,and  has 
been  a  Director  in  either  the  Twenty-fourth 
or  Thirty-fourth  Sections  continuously  since 
that  time. 

Jacob  C.  Strode  was  born  in  Chester 
County,  Pa.,  July  10,  1842;  elected  a  Director 
in  1894. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Alfred 
T.  Lister,  William  F.  Martin  and  Robert 
Mars. 


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Schools  of  the  Thirty=fifth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Thirty-hfth  Ward  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises  the 
Thirty-fifth  Section  of  the  First  School  Dis- 
trist  of  Pennsylvania,  are  Bucks  County  line, 
the  Delaware  River,  Chester  road,  Dark  Run 
lane,  Tacony  Creek  and  Montgomery  County 
line. 

The  schools  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Section  are 
as  follows:  Henry  Disston  Combined  Gram- 
mar, Secondary  and  Primary  School,  Long- 
shore and  Ditman  streets,  Tacony,  William  J. 
Moran,  Supervising  Principal;  Joseph  Brown 
Consolidated  School,  Main  street,  Holmes- 
burg,  Robert  G.  Swift,  A.  M.,  Principal; 
Fayette  Consolidated  School,  Bustleton, 
Franklin  F.  Cartledge,  A.  M.,  Principal; 
Wissinoming  Consolidated  School,  Van  Kirk 
and  Jackson  streets,  Wissinoming,  Abel  J. 
Evans,  Principal;  Fox  Chase  Consolidated 
School,  Second  street  road,  Fox  Chase, 
Oscar  Gerson,  Principal ;  Washington  Con- 
solidated School,  Lawndale  Station,  William 
C.  Marvin,  Principal;  Watson  Comly  Con- 
solidated School,  Somerton,  Percival  S. 
Woodin,  Principal;  Holme  Consolidated 
School,  Academy  road,  Collegeville,  Joseph 
S.  Briggs,  Principal;  Wheat  Sheaf  Consoli- 
dated School,  Bustleton  Turnpike  and  Town- 
ship Line,  Elizabeth  Baillie,  Principal;  Ben- 
jamin Rush  Consolidated  School,  Cresson's 
Corner,  Byberry,  Henry  S.  Longaker, 
teacher;  Mechanicsville  Consolidated  School, 
Byberry,  Stephen  W.  Bartine,  teacher;  Maple 
Grove  ConsoHdated  School,  Red  Lion  and 
Academy  roads,  Byberry,  Samuel  D.  Parry, 
teacher;    Tillver    Consolidated    School,    Red 


Lion  road  above  Bustleton,  Edwin  Y.  Mon- 
tanye,  teacher;  Godfrey  Consolidated  School, 
Comly  and  Byberry  roads,  E.  A.  Heilman, 
teacher;  Henry  Disston  Kindergarten, 
Tacony,  Katharine  B.  Harrison,  teacher; 
Joseph  H.  Brown  Kindergarten,  Holmes- 
burg,  M.  C.  Smith,  teacher. 

The  Thirty-fifth  Ward,  comprising  as  it 
does  nearly  one-third  of  the  area  of  the  entire 
city,  is  largely  an  agricultural  district,  and  its 
school  system  is  very  different  from  that  ex- 
isting in  the  built-up  portions.  Some  of  the 
teachers  are  obliged  to  instruct  the  entire 
twelve  grades  instead  of  one  each.  There  are 
fourteen  different  school  properties,  situated 
miles  apart. 

In  the  old  townships  of  Byberry  and  More- 
land,  comprising  the  extreme  northeastern 
section  of  the  ward  and  of  the  county,  the 
principal  school  previous  to  the  Revolution 
was  at  Byberry,  near  the  Meeting  House, 
and  was  under  the  care  of  the  preparative 
meeting  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  On  the 
site  of  what  is  now  the  Tillyer  School,  chil- 
dren have  been  taught  since  1790,  at  what 
was  for  many  years  a  pay  school.  The  pres- 
ent school,  together  with  the  Patrick  Henry 
at  Somerton,  the  Benjamin  Rush  and  the 
Godfrey  were  built  in  1847. 

A  school  has  for  many  years  been  main- 
tained at  Mechanicsville,  on  the  extreme 
edge  of  the  county.  About  1849  ^  difificulty 
arose  in  regard  to  the  attendance  of  colored 
children  in  the  public  schools,  and  the 
Mechanicsville  School  was  changed  into  a 
colored  school  and  called  the  James  Forten 


School.  Few  of  the  colored  children  at- 
tended, however,  most  of  them  being  sent  to 
the  Friends'  School  at  Byberry, 

In  the  year  1800  a  log  school-house  was 
built  at  Powelton,  on  the  Byberry  and  More- 
land  line,  and  in  1854  the  Controllers  had  the 
lot  conveyed  to  them.  A  new  stone  build- 
ins:  was  then  erected  near  the  site  of  the  old 
one,  and  called  the  Maple  Grove  School. 

John  Comly  was  probably  the  most  prom- 
inent of  the  early  teachers  in  this  Section,  and 
his  reputation  as  an  educator  and  as  a 
preacher  in  the  Society  of  Friends  was  wide- 
spread. 


The  Henry  Disston's  Sons  Co.,  saw  manu- 
facturers, had  just  located  at  this  point,  and 
it  remained  for  them  to  supply  the  adequate 
accommodation  for  the  children  of  those 
whom  their  establishment  had  attracted 
there.  They  erected  a  frame  building  suit- 
able for  school  purposes,  which  was  imme- 
diately taken  possession  of  by  another 
division  of  the  Tacony  School.  It  was  rented 
by  them  to  the  city  until  1883. 

Two  or  three  societies  were  organized  in 
the  Tacony  School  under  the  direction  and 
encouragement  of  its  Principal,  T.  Worcester 


WILLIAM  J.  MORAN. 

The  history  of  the  Tacony  schools  dates 
back  to  the  middle  of  the  present  century, 
when  a  little  frame  structure  still  standing  on 
Tacony  street  was  built.  The  Principal  of 
this  school  for  many  years  was  Robert  T. 
Murphy,  now  Principal  of  the  Manayunk 
Grammar  School.  This  building  was  used 
until  1872,  when  a  substantial  stone  building 
was  erected  by  the  city.  This  structure  is 
still  standing  and  is  now  used  as  an  annex  to 
the  Police  Station.  It  had  scarcely  been 
completed,  when  it  was  filled  to  its  utmost 
capacity  by  the  steadily  increasing  number  of 
children,  and  it  was  soon  discovered  that  an 
additional  room  could  be  filled. 


MISS  ELIZABETH  BAILLIE. 

Worrell.  The  number  included  the  famous 
Sorosis,  the  first  women's  club  organized  in 
the  United  States.  A  scientific  and  literary 
association,  numbering  among  its  members 
such  persons  as  M.  Louise  Thomas,  Dr.  R.  J. 
Wright,  Jacob  Mills,  Esq.,  Thomas  Disston 
and  John  H.  Currier  was  also  founded  here. 
From  this  society  sprang  the  Henry  Disston 
Library,  the  first  book  of  which  was  donated 
i)y  a  piipil  of  the  school,  Charles  Shallcross. 
A  building  and  loan  association  was  also 
organized.  All  of  these  organizations  were 
closely  associated  with  the  early  schools. 

During  the  period  between  1875  and  1885, 
Tacony  made  rapid  strides  in  population,  and 
it  became  necessarv  for  the  school  authorities 


HENRY  DISSTON  COMBINED  GRAMMAR,  SECONDARY  AND  PRIMARY  SCHOOL, 

Longshore  and  Ditman  Streets,  Tacony. 

Thirty-fifth  Section. 


to  procure  still  another  building.  The  Diss- 
ton's  then  came  forward  and  donated  the 
ground  at  the  corner  of  Longshore  and 
Ditman  streets,  and  the  city  erected  thereon, 
in  1883,  a  fine  stone  structure  of  ten  divisions. 
This  building  was  very  properly  called  the 
Henry  Disston  School.  In  1889  an  addition 
was  built  to  it.  Tacony  School,  up  to  this 
time,  had  been  one  of  the  schools  of  the 
Twenty-third  Section,  but  the  ward  was 
divided  in  1890,  and  this  portion  became  a 
part  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Ward.  The  Henry 
Disston  School  was  combined  under  a  Super- 
vising Principal  in  1890. 

School  life  in  Bustleton  began  with  the 
settlement  itself,  there  being  several  private 
schools  in  the  vicinity  at  an  early  date. 
These  schools  flourished  until  the  free  schools 
were  established  by  the  Board  of  Controllers. 

John  Neville  was  the  first  Principal  of  the 
Bustleton  School.  A  man  named  Crispen  and 
another,  Walter  Hibbs,  were  the  next  Princi- 
pals successively.  In  183 1  Joshua  B.  Smith 
conducted  the  school,  and  he  was  followed  by 
Charles  Hoag,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  city 
of  Minneapolis  and  the  friend  and  associate  of 
John  G.  Whittier.  About  this  time  the  name 
of  the  Bustleton  Grammar  School  or  Acad- 
emy was  changed  to  the  Fayette,  George 
W.  Fetter,  afterwards  Principal  of  the  Nor- 
mal School,  being  Principal. 

During  Mr.  Fetter's  incumbency  a  new- 
school  was  built,  in  1854,  upon  the  site  of  the 
old  one.  Among  the  different  Principals 
were  Dr.  Joseph  C.  Martindale,  Charles  H. 
Rainier,  Charles  A.  Singer,  James  F.  C.Sickel, 
James  W.  Bunting,  Henry  C.  Payne,  William 
Jacobs,  William  L.  Balentine,  S.  E.  B. 
Kinsloe  and  Franklin  F.  Cartledge. 

The  Wissinoming  School  is  a  monument 
to  the  intelligence  and  energy  of  Ameri- 
can workingmen.  In  1884  not  a  dozen 
houses  marked  the  present  town  site.  In 
December  of  that  year,  at  a  large  meeting  of 
workingmen  held  in  the  Thirty-first  Ward, 
was  instituted  a  corporation  taking  the  name 
and    title,    Wissinoming    ^lutual    Land    and 


Improvement  Association.  Its  object  was 
the  attainment  for  its  members  of  the  owner- 
ship of  a  sufficient  quantity  of  land  to  build 
comfortable  homes.  Sixty  acres  of  land  were 
purchased  in  the  then  Twenty-third  Ward, 
extending  westward  from  Torresdale  avenue 
to  Erdwick  street  and  northward  from  Dark 
Run  lane  to  Comly  street.  This  area  was 
'subdivided  into  lots  containing  from  5,000  to 
7,000  square  feet  each.  Streets  were  opened 
and  rapidly  graded. 

The  year  1887  found  sixty-nine  houses  and 
one  chapel  comprising  the  town.     A  dona- 


WATSON  COMLY. 

tion  of  a  lot,  which  is  the  present  site  of  the 
school,  and  the  few  hundred  dollars  of  an 
unexpended  balance  in  its  treasury,  were 
made  to  the  town  for  educational  purposes 
by  the  Land  Association. 

On  October  8,  1888,  the  school  was  opened 
and  fully  established  with  eighty-two  scholars 
under  the  charge  of  W.  H.  Hollis  as  Principal. 
In  1890  William  J.  Moran  succeeded  as  Prin- 
cipal. In  1 89 1  Elmer  E.  Michener  became 
Principal  and  was  succeeded  by  A.  J.  Evans, 
the  present  Principal. 


In  pursuance  of  the  action  of  a  public 
meeting  of  the  citizens  of  Fox  Chase  and 
vicinity,  held  on  March  21,  1891,  to  organize 
a  movement  to  secure  the  erection  of  a  new 
school-house  upon  the  Old  (Octagon) 
School-house  Lot,  Fox  Chase,  of  which 
the  Rev.  Samuel  J.  Milliken  was  chair- 
man, and  W.  Austin  Yerkes  was  secre- 
tary, the  chairman  appointed  the  fol- 
lowing freeholders  as  trustees  of  the  lot: 
William  H.  Rhawn,  Joseph  U.  Crawford, 
Richard  W.  Clay,  Dr.  Chandler  Weaver, 
Robert  W.  Ryerss,  Dr.  John  Sibbald,  William 
F.  McFarland,  Dr.  Ludwig  S.  Filbert,  Joseph 
Ashby  and  Kennedy  Crossan;  and  as  treas- 


Until  1 89 1  the  school  had  only  one  division, 
but  since  1892  there  have  been  three. 

By  a  clause  in  Thomas  Holme's  will,  dated 
1694,  he  gave  £4  for  the  good  of  Dublin 
Township.  In  1723  his  heirs  set  apart 
a  lot  of  ground  for  a  school.  In  1793  Strick- 
land Foster,  Principal  of  the  old  log  school- 
house,  witha  numberof  citizens  of  thevicinity, 
obtained  from  the  State  authorities  a  charter 
for  the  Lower  Dublin  Academy,  and  imme- 
diately subscriptions  were  opened  to  enable 
the  trustees  to  build  a  larger  and  more  con- 
venient building  for  the  uses  of  the  Academy. 
On  November  5,  1844,  the  board  of  directors 
of  public  schools  made  a  proposition  to  the 


DR.  H.  A.  p.  NEEL. 


WILLIAM  E.  ERVIN. 


urer,  Edward  S.  Handy,  Jr.  The  l)oard  of 
trustees  of  the  Old  School-house  Lot,  Fox 
Chase,  organized  on  March  28th  by  the  elec- 
tion of  William  H.  Rhawn  as  president,  and 
Joseph  U.  Crawford  as  secretary.  Charles 
E.  Pancoast,  Esq.,  was  subsequently  retained 
as  counsel. 

By  deed  of  dedication,  executed  January 
29,  1892,  the  trustees  conveyed  the  lot  to  the 
city,  and  in  1894  a  school-house  was  built. 

The  Washington  School  was  opened  as  a 
private  school  in  the  early  part  of  the  cen- 
tury. It  became  a  public  school  in  1827. 
The  present   building  was  erected   in    1867. 


trustees  to  lease  the  academy  for  a  term  of 
years,  with  privilege  to  so  alter  it  as  to  make 
it  adaptable  for  the  purposes  of  a  grammar 
school.     Six  days  later  a  lease  was  signed. 

The  teachers  of  the  academy  were  Strick- 
land Foster,  Timothy  R.  Ryan,  Talbot 
Hamilton,  James  W.  Chapman,  James 
Tathem,  Benjamin  Hopkins,  Joseph  Lock- 
head,  James  W.  Chapman,  William  B.  Hill 
and  Thomas  Shallcross. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  features  of 
this  noted  1)uilding  is  the  old  clock  now  seen 
in  the  dormer  window.  Edward  Duffield,  a 
resident  of  the  vicinitv.  who  was  an  associate 


536 


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of  Jefferson,  Washington  and  Franklin,  was 
a  clockmaker  at  the  corner  of  Second  and 
Arch  streets.  At  FrankHn's  sug^gestion  he 
made  a  large  clock  with  two  faces  and  hung 
it  obliquely  from  the  corner  of  the  store  so 
that  it  could  be  seen  by  persons  approaching 
from  any  direction.  This  clock  was  after- 
wards presented  to  the  academy  by  the 
maker. 

In  1 85 1  the  public  school  authorities 
erected  the  Wheat  Sheaf  school-house  on  the 
site  of  a  private  school  conducted  by  Charles 
Shallcross.  There  is  a  cupola  on  top  of  the 
liuilding  in  which  there  is  a  large  bell  that  is 
still  used  to  notify  the  pupils  that  the  school 
hour  has  arrived.  It  was  frecpiently  rung 
during  the  Civil  War  to  call  the  farmers  to 
mass  meetings.  The  Principal  of  the  school 
is  Miss  Elizabeth  Baillie. 

The  old  Columbia  school-house,  which  was 
vacated  upon  the  completion  of  the  hand- 
some new  Joseph  Brown  School  in  1895,  ^^'^'^ 
built  in  1846.  The  hrst  Principal  of  the 
boys'  grammar  department  was  Humphrey 
J.  Waterman. 

The  late  Watson  Comly,  after  whom  the 
school  at  Somerton.  built  in  1893,  was  named, 
was  one  of  the  best-known  citizens  of  north- 
ern Philadelphia.  He  was  a  direct  descend- 
ent    of    Henry    Comly,    who    came    to    this 


country  with  W^m.  Penn  in  1682.  He  was 
the  father-in-law  of  Thomas  Shallcross,  who 
has  represented  the  Thirty-fifth  Section  in 
the  Board  of  Public  Education  since  the 
Thirty-fifth  Ward  was  first  formed.  [See 
Board  of  Public  Education.] 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Thirty-fifth  Section  in  1896  was  Dr.  H. 
A.  P.  Neel;  born  in  Philadelphia,  January  i. 
1855:  elected  a  Director  in  1887  (then  in  the 
Twenty-third  Section  Board);  chosen  Presi- 
dent in    1892. 

The  Secretary  was  William  E.  Ervin;  born 
in  Philadelphia;  elected  a  Director  in  1888; 
chosen  Secretary  in  1891. 

T.  Miles  Brous  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
November  20,  1837;  elected  a  Director  in 
1887. 

Isaac  Tomlinson  was  born  in  1832;  elected 
a  Director  in  1874. 

William  Bender  Wilson  was  born  in  Harris- 
burg,  Pa.,  April  5,  1839;  elected  a  Director  in 
1894. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  H.  H. 
Barton,  Barton  Castor.  Charles  G.  Freed,  Z. 
T.  Kirk,  Horace  B.  Rowland,  Frank  Shall- 
cross and  Augusta  T.  Tomlinson. 


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543 


Schools  of  the  Thirty=sixth  Section 


The  boundaries  of  the  Thirty-sixth  Ward 
of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  comprises 
the  Thirty-sixth  Section  of  the  First  School 
District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  Washington 
avenue  and  Eighteenth  street,  to  Gray's 
Ferry  avenue,  to  Ellsworth  street,  to  Eight- 
eenth, to  the  Schuylkill  River. 

The  schools  of  the  Thirty-sixth  Section  are 
as  follows:  James  Logan  Combined  Gram- 
mar, Secondary  and  Primary  School,  Nine- 
teenth and  Reed  streets,  Watson  Cornell, 
Supervising  Principal,  and  Lurana  J. 
Williamson,  Vice-Principal;  Gustavus  A. 
Benson  Combined  Grammar,  Secondary 
and  Primary,  Twenty-seventh  and  Whar- 
ton streets,  William  L.  Balentine,  Super- 
vising Principal;  Landreth  Combined  Sec- 
ondary and  Primary,  Twenty-third  and 
Federal  streets,  Lillie  Wallace,  Supervis- 
ing Principal;  James  Alcorn  Combined 
Higher  Grade  Secondary  and  Primary 
School,  Thirty-fourth  and  Wharton  streets, 
Ella  S.  Braden,  Supervising  Principal; 
McDaniel  Combined  Secondary  and  Pri- 
mary, Twenty-first  and  Moore  streets,  Mary 
McConnell,  Supervising  Principal;  Point 
Breeze  Consolidated  School,  Twenty-seventh 
street  and  Passyunk  avenue.  Sue  A.  Lowery, 
Principal;  Girard  Consolidated  School,  Pass- 
yunk avenue  and  Eighteenth  street,  Jessie 
S.  Bagg,  Principal;  Franklin  Consolidated 
School,  Rope  Ferry  road,  Lottie  K.  Siddons, 
Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i.  Thirty-third 
and  Wharton  streets,  Louisa  B.  Renshaw, 
teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  2,  Twenty-third 
and  Federal  streets,  Rebecca  S.  Van  Haagen, 
teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  3,  Twenty-seventh 


street  and  Passyunk  avenue,  Lidie  L.  Garvin, 
teacher. 

An  interesting  old  landmark  is  the  Girard 
Consolidated  School,  at  Passyunk  avenue  and 
Eighteenth  street,  facing  Rope  Ferry  road. 
It  is  a  substantial  brick  building,  and  in  its 
time  was  an  adornment  to  Passyunk  Town- 
ship, as  that  part  of  the  city  was  known  in 
the  early  days.  It  is  now  regarded  with 
veneration  by  reason  of  its  history,  but  for 
practical  school  purposes  is  no  longer  a  de- 
sirable building,  and  a  new  structure,  modern 
in  all  its  appointments,  is  to  be  erected  on 
an  adjoining  lot. 

The  Girard  School  was  erected  in  1833. 
It  was  not  organized  as  a  public  school,  but 
was  provided  for  by  Stephen  Girard  in  his 
will.  What  is  known  as  the  old  Girard 
homestead,  which  was  Mr.  Girard's  country 
residence,  is  located  only  a  short  distance 
from  the  school. 

By  the  terms  of  his  will  there  was 
bequeathed  "unto  Philip  Peltz,  John  Lentz, 
Francis  Hesley,  Jacob  Baker  and  Adam 
Young,  of  Passyunk  Township,  in  the 
County  of  Philadelphia,  the  sum  of 
$6,000  in  trust,  that  they,  or  the  sur- 
vivors, or  survivor  of  them  shall  pur- 
chase a  suitable  piece  of  ground,  as  near 
as  may  be  in  the  centre  of  said  township, 
and  thereon  erect  a  substantial  brick  building, 
sufficiently  large  for  a  school-house,  and  the 
residence  of  a  schoolmaster,  one  part  thereof 
for  poor  male  white  children,  and  the  other 
part  for  poor  female  white  children  of  said 
township;  and  as  soon  as  the  said  school- 
house  shall  have  been  built,   that  they,   the 


said  trustees,  or  the  survivors  or  survivor  of 
them,  shall  convey  the  said  piece  of  ground 
and  house  thereon  erected,  and  shall  pay  over 
such  balance  of  said  sum  as  may  remain  un- 
expended to  any  board  of  directors  and  their 
successors  in  trust,  which  may  at  the  time 
exist  or  be  by  law  constituted,  consisting  of 
at  least  twelve  discreet  inhabitants  of  the 
said  township,  and  to  be  annually  chosen  by 
the  inhabitants  thereof;  the  said  piece  of 
ground  and  house  to  be  carefully  maintained 
by  said  directors  and  their  successors,  solely 
for  the  purposes  of  a  school  as  aforesaid  for- 
ever, and  the  said  balance  to  l)e  securelv  in- 


WATSON  CORNELL. 

vested  as  a  permanent  fund,  interest  thereof 
to  be  applied  from  time  to  time  toward  the 
education  in  said  school  of  any  number  of 
such  poor  white  children  of  said  township; 
and  I  do  hereby  recommend  to  the  citizens 
of  said  township  to  make  additions  to  the 
fund  whereof  I  have  laid  the  foundation." 

The  building  was  erected,  and  the  school 
was  opened  in  1833,  with  about  30  pupils. 
The  provision  for  the  residence  of  the  school- 
master was  evidently  not  appreciated  by  the 
early  masters,  none  of  whom  lived  in  the 
fchool.     The   janitor   or   housekeeper,    how- 


ever, has  always  occupied  the  residence  por- 
tion of  the  building. 

No  one  responded  to  Mr.  Girard's  recom- 
mendation that  additions  be  made  to  the 
fund  founded  by  him,  and  the  trustees  dis- 
covered that  they  had  insufificient  means  with 
which  to  properly  carry  on  the  school  for  any 
length  of  time.  It  struggled  along  for 
several  years,  but  was  finally  closed.  In  1867 
the  building  was  turned  over  to  the  Board  of 
Public  Education  and  was  reopened  as  a 
public  school  with  about  60  pupils. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  new  schools 
have  been  located  not  far  from  the  Girard 
School,  its  attendance  has  increased  in  recent 
years,  there  being  at  present  over  200  pupils 
enrolled.  This  is  believed  to  be  largely  due 
to  the  interest  felt  in  the  old  school  by 
residents  of  that  section. 

The  Point  Breeze  School  was  organized  in 
1795  as  a  private  school,  being  originally 
located  in  a  small  frame  building.  A  new 
school-house  was  erected  in  1826,  and  was 
used  until  1879,  when  the  present  building- 
was  erected. 

The  following  are  among  those  who  have 
been  Principals  of  the  Point  Breeze  School: 
John  C.  Hutton,  John  S.  Furey,  Davis 
Moore,  Charles  Gilbert,  Watson  Cornell, 
William  J.  Rogers  and  Miss  S.  A.  Lowery. 

In  1845  the  Landreth  family  ceded  to  the 
city  for  school  purposes  a  lot  of  land  on 
Federal  street.  On  this  lot  stood  an  old 
brick  farm  house,  which  was  altered  consider- 
ably and  converted  into  a  public  school.  It 
was  called  the  Landreth  School.  It  was 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1865,  and  the  following 
year  an  appropriation  for  a  new  building  at 
Twenty-third  and  Federal  streets  was  secured. 
The  year  1889  saw  the  erection  of  a  still 
larger  building  for  the  Landreth  School. 

The  original  building  of  the  Franklin  Con- 
solidated School  was  erected  in  1842,  and 
opened  as  a  public  school  in  January,  1843. 
This  was  the  first  public  school  in  the  old 
Passyunk  Township.  Of  those  who  attended 
the  school  when  it  was  first  opened  very  few 


546 


are  still  living^.     The  number  includes  Charles 
Singley,  Joseph  Shisler  and  William  Toms. 

Owing  to  the  distance  from  the  school  to 
the  city  proper  there  was  more  or  less 
difficulty  experienced  in  securing  and  retain- 
ing teachers  for  the  Franklin  School,  and  it 
was  frequently  closed  temporarily.  The  first 
teacher  was  William  Cushman.  Among 
others  who  have  taught  there  are  Edgar  A. 
Singer,  now  Assistant  Superintendent  of 
Public  Schools;  Charles  Brelsford  and  Henry 
B.  Whittington,  who  are  Principals  in  other 
Sections,  and  the  present  incumbent.  Lottie 
K.  Siddons. 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Thirty-sixth  Section  in  1896  was  William 
MacDonald;  born  in  Philadelphia,  September 
28.  1852;  elected  a  Director  in  1893;  chosen 
President  in  1893. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Alexander 
J.  Whittingham;  born  in  Philadelphia,  in 
1861;  elected  a  Director  in  1888,  chosen  Sec- 
retary of  the  Twenty-sixth  Section  Board  in 
1890  and  of  the  Thirty-sixth  Section  Board 
in  1893. 

Robert  P.  Crouse  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
January  28,  1846;  elected  a  Director  in  1893. 


WILLIAM  MacDONALD. 


Tne  Delaplaine  McDaniel  School  Avas 
opened  in  1892,  and  the  building  was  en- 
larged in  the  following  year.  Miss  McCon- 
nell  has  been  the  Principal  since  the  school 
was  first  organized. 

In  1896  the  Gustavus  A.  Benson  School 
was  organized  in  the  handsome  new*  building 
at  Twenty-seventh  and  Wharton  streets. 

The  largest  school  in  the  Section,  and,  in 
fact,  one  of  the  largest  in  the  city,  is  the 
James  Logan  School,  which,  under  Supervis- 
ing Principal  Watson  Cornell,  has  attained  a 
high  reputation. 


ALEXANDER  J.  WHITTINGHAM. 

Robert  J.  Hewlett  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, January  22,  1868;  elected  a  Director  in 
1894. 

John  W.  Conner  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
April  8,  1862;  elected  a  Director  in  1893. 

John  A.  McCaughey  was  born  in  Coates- 
ville.  Pa.,  October  9.  1842;  elected  a  Director 
in  1893. 

John  C.  O'Keefe  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
January  19,  1861;  elected  a  Director  in  1896. 

Joseph  Russell  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
August  31,  1863;  elected  a  Director  in  1893. 

James  W.  Smith  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
November  7,  1857;  elected  a  Director  in  1893. 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  John  F. 
Glenn,  James  McCracken  and  John  Milligan. 


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Schools  of  the  Thirty=seventh  Section 


The  l)oun(laries  of  the  Thirty-seventh 
Ward  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  which  com- 
prises the  Thirty-seventh  Section  of  the  First 
School  District  of  Pennsylvania,  are  Broad 
street,  Germantown  avenue  and  Susquehanna 
avenue. 

The  schools  of  the  Thirty-seventh  Section 
are  as  follows:  Cambria  Combined  Grammar, 
Secondary  and  Primary  School,  Thirteenth 
street     below     Cambria,     David     H.     Stout, 


Pilkington,  teacher;  Kindergarten  No.  3, 
No.  2847  North  Eleventh  street,  Susan  E. 
Sensor,  teacher. 

The  Thirty-seventh  Section  was  organized 
in  1892,  when  the  Thirty-seventh  Ward  was 
formed  by  the  division  of  the  Twenty-eighth. 
The  school-houses  are  of  comparatively  re- 
cent    construction.     They    are     very     much 


DAVID  H.  STOUT. 


DR.  WILLIAM  K.  MATTERN. 


Supervising  Principal;  Oakdale  Secondary 
School,  Eleventh  and  Huntingdon  streets, 
Kate  E.  Stevens,  Principal;  Oakdale  Primary 
School  No.  I,  Eleventh  and  Huntingdon 
streets,  Olivia  Schlecht,  Principal;  Oakdale 
Primary  No.  2,  same  building,  Laura  S. 
Thomas,  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  i, 
Tenth  and  Tahasa  streets,  Katie  Jane  Kant- 
ner.  Principal;  Kindergarten  No.  2,  German- 
town    avenue    near    Tioga    street,    Sarah    J. 


over-crowded  and  efforts  are  being  made  to 
secure  an  addition  to  the  Cambria  School. 

The  late  Dr.  William  K.Mattern,  Coroner's 
physician,  was  appointed  to  represent  the  new 
Section  in  the  Board  of  Public  Education  in 
1893,  and  continued  as  a  member  of  that  body 
until  his  death,  in  April,  1896. 

Dr.  Mattern  was  born  in  Berks  County  on 
August  5,  1847.  He  came  to  Philadelphia 
when  a  young  man,  and  in  1870  entered  the 


563 


Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  from 
which  institution  he  was  graduated  four 
years  later.  Soon  afterward  he  opened  a 
drug  store,  and  also  began  the  study  of 
medicine.  Entering  Jefferson  College,  he 
took  the  full  course,  and  was  graduated  in 
1882. 

The  following  year  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber   of    the    Twenty-eighth    Section    School 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Thirty-seventh  Section  in  1896  was 
William  D.  Spencer;  born  in  the  State  ot 
Delaware,  September  9.  1850;  elected  a  Di- 
rector in  1893;  chosen  President  in  1896. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  was  Charles  H. 
Vanfleet,  the  Section's  representative  in  the 


WILLIAM  D    SPENCER. 


CHARLES  H.  VANFLEET. 


Board,  of  which  he  soon  became  President 
and  later  Secretary,  holding  the  former  ofBce 
for  a  term  of  one  year  and  the  latter  for  a 
term  of  five  years. 

Charles  H.  Vanfleet,  who  had  1)een  Secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Section 
since  its  organization,  was  appointed,  in  June, 
1896,  to  succeed  Dr.  Mattern  in  the  Board  of 
Public  Education. 


Board  of  Public  Education.     [For  biography 
see  page  1 18.] 

Other  members  of  the  Board  were  Charles 
Coates,  John  E.  Balderston,  P.  Oliver  Derr, 
D.  Edward  Moore,  Jacob  W.  Reiff,  H.  L. 
Roat,  C.  J.  Schock,  William  F.  Siegener, 
Charles  Walker,  Ormond  Rambo  and  William 
L.  Young. 


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School  Organizations 


The  Associated  Alumni  of  the  Central 

High  School 


Graduates  of  the  Central  High  School  first 
orj^anized  an  association  in  1842,  under  the 
name  of  "The  AUunni  Association  of  the 
Central  High  School  of  Philadelphia."  It 
thrived  for  a  number  of  years,  during  which 
period  what  was  called  the  Alumni  address 
was  delivered  annually  on  the  evening  of  the 
February  commencement  day  by  some  mem- 
ber elected  bv  the  Association. 


A  move  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  this 
Association  was  made  in  1886,  when  a  reor- 
ganization took  place  and  new  by-laws  were 
adopted.  The  membership  soon  increased 
largely  in  number,  and  with  the  celebration 
of  the  semi-centennial  of  the  High  School,  in 
1888,  the  Associated  Alumni  became  firmly 
established  as  an  influential  and  efficient  or- 
ganization. 


ROBKRT  E.  PATTISON, 
President  Associated  Alumni  of  the  Central  High  School. 

"The  Alumni  Institute  of  the  Central  High 
School"  was  the  title  under  wdiich  an  asso- 
ciation of  the  graduates  was  organized  in 
1867,  as  an  adjunct  to  the  former  association. 
These  organizations  were  succeeded  in  1873 
by  the  Associated  Alumni  of  the  Central 
High  School  of  Philadelphia,  under  which 
title  the  present  Association  w^as  incorpo- 
rated. 


JOHN  F.  LEWIS. 
Vice-President  Associated  Alumni  of  the  Central  High  School. 


The  semi-centennial  celebration  included  a 
pul)lic  meeting  at  the  /\cademy  of  Music  on 
October  29,  1888,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Associated  Alumni,  and  a  reception  on  the 
evening  of  October  30th,  at  St.  George's 
Hall. 

The  Academy  meeting  w^as  a  most  notable 
affair.  Colonel  Robert  P.  Dechert  presided. 
Seated  on  the  stage  w'ere  the  faculty  of  the 


school,  members  of  the  Board  of  PubHc  Edu- 
cation and  of  City  Councils,  and  many  other 
prominent  men,  including  ex-Governor  Rob- 
ert E.  Pattison,  President  of  the  Associated 
Alumni;  ex-Governor  Curtin,  ex-Governor 
Pollock,  General  Louis  Wagner,  then  Di- 
rector of  Public  Works;  William  Pepper.  M. 
D.,  then  Provost  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania; William  V.  McKean,  Colonel  Wil- 
liam B.  Mann,  General  George  R.  Snowden, 
Professor  James  MacAlister,  then  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Schools;  Judges  William  B. 
Hanna,  D.  Newlin  Fell,  Joseph  C.  Ferguson, 
James   Gay  Gordon  and   F.   Amadee   Bregy 


JOHN  R.  FANSHAWE, 
Vice-President  Associated  Alumni  of  the  Central  High  School. 


Colonel  M.  Richards  Muckle,  James  M.  For- 
sythe,  U.  S.  A.;  General  James  W.  Latta, 
Major  William  H.Lambert,  Professor  George 
D.  Fetterolf,  President  of  Girard  College; 
Professor  Samuel  Mecutchen,  Professor 
James  McClune,  Professor  George  J.  Becker. 
Professor  George  W.  Fetter,  then  Principal 
of  the  Normal  School;  Henry  M.  Dechert, 
Dr.  Henry  Hartshorn,  Joel  Cook,  Professor 
Daniel  W.  Howard,  Charles  H.  Cramp,  Ed- 
ward Shippen  and  Benjamin  F.  Teller. 

The  music  was  furnished  by  the  Germania 
Orchestra.  After  prayer  by  Rev.  John  E. 
Cookman,  D.  D.,  of  New  York,  Colonel 
Dechert  opened  the  meeting  with  an  address. 


in  which  he  traced  the  origin  and  advance- 
ment of  public  education  in  Pennsylvania. 

Judge  Michael  Arnold  followed  with  an  ad- 
dress on  "The  Administration  of  Professor 
John  S.  Hart,"  and  Dr.  S.  Solis-Cohen  spoke 
about  'The  Central  High  School  as  a  Teacher 
of  Science."  'The  A^alue  of  the  Central  High 
School  in  Its  Relation  to  the  Public  Schools" 
was  the  topic  upon  which  Judge  William  N. 
Ashman  addressed  the  meeting.  He  replied 
to  the  criticisms  which  were  at  that  time  be- 
ing made  concerning  the  High  School,  show- 
ing them  to  be  uncalled  for  and  untrue.  In 
closing  he  spoke  of  a  prevalent  undesirable 
tendency  in  educational  institutions  from 
which  the  High  School  is  free,  and  gave  an 
eloquent  exposition  of  what  the  High  School 
boy  is  not.  An  extract  of  this  speech  will 
not  be  out  of  place: — 

"Grant,  if  you  will,  that  the  studies  in  that 
school  are  superficial;  may  there  not  be,  nay, 
is  there  not,  such  an  evil  as  overtraining?  Re- 
member, the  portals  of  our  colleges  are  prac- 
tically barred  against  the  children  of  the  poor; 
and  the  material  upon  which  these  institu- 
tions work  is  taken  from  among  the  wealthy 
and  the  well-to-do.  And  what  is  the  result? 
Why,  hundreds  of  American  youth,  of  the 
laissez-faire  order,  enter  these  seminaries  for 
the  same  reason  that  they  wear  a  silk  hat — 
because  it  is  respectable  to  do  so.  Every  day 
that  I  live  I  see  young  men  blushing — I  was 
about  to  say,  but  young  men  in  this  age  do 
not  blush — over  the  honors  of  the  class  room 
and  the  greater  honor  of  the  sheepskin,  but 
out  of  whose  small  brains  the  mills  of  the 
schools  have  ground  all  capacity  for  self- 
thought  and  independent  endeavor. 

"These  men  annoy  me.  They  have  learned 
by  rote  certain  axioms  of  philosophy,  and,  in 
what  may  be  termed  the  mechanics  of  learn- 
ing, they  are  above  criticism.  In  the  realms 
of  the  imagination,  where  thought  is  creative, 
they  are  beneath  all  criticism.  The  little 
learning  they  have  gotten  is  as  cumbrous  an 
implement  in  their  hands  as  a  steam  plough 
in  the  hands  of  a  dentist.     They  are  simply 


and  only  respectable.  If  there  is  one  being  in 
the  world  for  whom  I  have  an  abiding,  an  im- 
movable and  an  unntterable  contempt,  it  is  a 
respectable  man. 

"In  an  age  panting  with  brave  thoughts 
and  ringing  with  braver  deeds,  he  floats  above 
the  struggle — an  insect  in  the  sunlight. 
What  matters  it  to  him  that  great  problems 
on  which  the  destiny  of  the  State  depends 
must  be  solved;  would  you  have  him  descend 
to  the  turmoil  of  politics?  He  is  too  respect- 
able! What  matters  it  that  capital  cries  out 
against  labor,  and  labor  against  capital,  and 


GEORGE  BARCLAY  HAWKES, 
Recording  Secretary  Associated  Alumni  of  the  Central  High  School. 

that  wise  counsels  are  needed  to  avert  the 
ominous  conflict?  His  wealth  is  assured,  and 
he  is  respectable!  What  matters  it  that  great 
wrongs  appeal  for  vengeance,  that  the  starv- 
ing ask  for  food,  and  the  ignorant  for  knowl- 
edge, and  the  erring  for  help — shall  he  go 
down  to  the  slums,  or  confront  the  criminal 
in  his  lair?    Why,  he  is  a  respectable  man! 

'Thank  God,  the  High  School  could  not  if 
she  would,  and  would  not  if  she  could,  give 
birth  to  such  a  nerveless  spectre  of  manhood. 
Her  men  may  be  scantily  decked  with  the  in- 
sig-nia  of  learning,  but  they  are  to  be  found 


where  the  work  is  hardest  and  the  battle  un- 
certain. Against  all  the  obloquy  which  may 
l)e  heaped  upon  her,  our  school  will  point  to 
the  lives  of  these,  her  children,  as  the  vindi- 
cation of  her  fair  name  and  the  reason  for  her 
being." 

A  notable  feature  of  the  celebration  was 
the  reading  of  an  original  poem  by  George 
Alfred  Townsend,  the  well-known  author  and 
journalist.     The  poem: — 

"The  High  School  man  his  mother  knows, 
Whate'er  his  stature,  now  or  then 
As  yonder  city  tower  grows 
Toward  the  feet  of  WilHam  Penn. 

"  Plain  as  his  form  above  the  throng, 
To  such  a  patron  we  refer — 
Though  we  are  many  thousand  strong, 
We  look  not  down  but  up  to  Her. 

"  Prim  Quaker  Dame,  her  strength  we  bless 
Who  culled  us  with  her  shepherd's  crook  ; 
She  found  us  straying  purposeless, 
And  in  our  hands  she  put  a  book. 

"  It  saves  us  half  our  fathers'  pains, 
It  gave  us  some  career  to  see — 
The  world  flew  wide  and  opened  lanes 
Of  golden  opportunity. 

"  That  bare  brickyard,  almost  as  hard 
As  Pharaoh's  brickyard  to  the  Jews, 
Now  seems  to  us  the  palace  yard 
Where  Pharaoh's  daughter  let  us  choose. 

"  God  bless  the  sunny  corner  spot! — 

The  cool  wide  halls,  the  basement  paves, 
The  livmg  men  requited  not, 

The  old  professors  in  their  graves. 

"  The  forethought  like  the  glance  of  Mars, 
Where'er  the  Philadelphian  rules, 
That  built  a  dome  to  seek  the  stars 
Among  his  constellated  schools. 

"  From  ihis  reunion,  brethren,  let 
God-like  imagination  grow 
Above  the  sneering  earth,  and  set 
Our  standard  lofty  as  the  snow. 

"  Goodwill,  good  words  for  fellow-friend  ; 
Appreciation  warm  and  fond  ; 
As  if  this  world  were  at  an  end, 
And  we  were  graduates  beyond." 

Colonel  Charles  H.  Banes  spoke  on  "The 
High  School  During  the  War,"  giving-  many 
interesting  reminiscences  of  war  times  and  of 
the  High  School  boys  who  went  to  the  front. 


William  M.  Smith,  President  of  Common 
Council,  who  was  to  have  delivered  an  ad- 
dress on  "The  Reasons  Which  Led  to  the  Or- 
ganization of  the  Central  High  School,"  was 
unable  to  be  present.  William  H.  Staake, 
Esq.,  read  Mr.  Smith's  letter  of  regret  at  his 
inability  to  take  the  part  assigned  him,  and 
also  read  several  other  letters  from  absent 
graduates. 

Professor  lienry  Clark  Johnson,  the  newly- 
elected  president  of  the  faculty,  made  a  brief 
speech,  and  was  followed  by  John  F.  Lewis, 
Esq.,  who  spoke  in  the  place  of  Hon.  Lewis 
C.  Cassidy,  ex-Attorney-General  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, who  was  absent  by  reason  of  illness. 


published  by  the  Associated  Alumni,  and  a 
general  catalogue  of  the  school  from  the  time 
of  its  organization,  was  published  by  the 
Board  of  Public  Education. 

As  a  memorial  of  the  occasion  the  Alumni 
Memorial  Library  was  formed  by  the  contri- 
butions of  individual  alumni.  It  now  con- 
tains about  2,oco  volumes. 

The  objects  of  the  incorporators  of  the  As- 
sociated Alumni,  as  stated  in  the  charter,  are 
to  perpetuate  the  friendly  relations  and  at- 
tachments formed  while  fellow-students,  to 
unite  their  energies  and  influence  in  promot- 
ing the  interests  of  the  school  and  of  the  pub- 
lic   school    system    of    Pennsylvania,  and    to 


WILLIAM  JOHN  LONG, 
Corresponding  Secretary  Associated  Alumni  of  the  Central  High  School. 


CHARLES  BIDDLE, 
Treasurer  Associated  Alumni  of  the  Central  High  School. 


The  last  speaker  was  ex-Governor  Robert  E. 
Pattison,  whose  topic  was  "The  Duty  of  the 
State  to  Furnish  Gratuitous  Higher  Educa- 
tion." The  exercises  were  closed  with  the 
benediction,  pronounced  by  Rev.  Samuel 
Laird,  D.  D. 

The  celebration  was  concluded  on  the  fol- 
lowing evening,  October  30,  1888,  with  a  re- 
ception held  at  St.  George's  Hall,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Associated  Alumni.  Every 
graduating  class  was  represented. 

At  the  time  of  the  semi-centennial  a  report 
of  the  proceedings,  with  an  historical  sketch 
of  the  High  School  by  George  H.  Cliff  was 


contribute  to  each  other's  welfare  and  ad- 
vancement in  life. 

There  are  three  divisions  of  membership: 
active,  corresponding  and  honorary.  Grad- 
uates who  have  received  the  degree  of  Bach- 
elor of  Arts  and  members  of  the  former  as- 
sociation are  eligible  to  active  membership: 
and  partial-course  students  to  corresponding 
membership,  as  regulated  by  the  by-laws. 
Provision  is  also  made  for  life  membership. 

Stated  meetings  of  the  Associated  Alumni 
are  held  in  February  and  June.  The  board 
of  managers,  composed  of  nine  officers  and 
fifteen  managers,  has  stated  meetings  in  Feb- 


ruary,  March.  June.  C)ctol)er  and  December. 
For  some  years  past  a  reunion  of  the  mem- 
bers has  been  held  annually  in  December. 

The  board  of  managers  make  semi-annual 
reports  to  the  association,  and  reports  are 
also  made  by  the  treasurer,  master  of  archives, 
librarian,  historian  and  committees. 

The  greater  part  of  the  practical  work  of 
the  Associated  Alumni  is  of  a  suggestive  and 
advisory  nature,  and  is  accomplished  in  a 
quiet  way  without  boast  or  flourish.  All 
movements  and  projects  afifecting  the  insti- 
tution in  any  way  receive  the  careful  consid- 
eration of  the  association  and  of  the  board  of 
managers,  and  by  consultation  and  co-opera- 
tion with  the  school  authorities  of  the  city, 
active  efforts  are  made  to  advance  the  cause 
of  higher  education  and  of  the  public  school 
system  in  general.  The  association  was  par- 
ticularly active  in  securing  appropriations  fo^* 
the  new  building,  now  being  erected. 

For  a  number  of  years  it  has  been  the  cus- 
tom of  the  Associated  Alumni  to  award  prizes 
for  scholarship  to  students  of  the  school.  To 
insure  the  permanency  of  this  custom  a  prize 
fund  has  been  created.  As  this  fund  increases 
the  number  of  prizes  to  be  awarded  can  be 
enlarged.  Any  alumnus  or  friend  of  the  in- 
stitution may  designate  a  donation  as  a  spe- 
cial fund  to  be  invested  as  a  memorial,  and 
the  income  used  for  such  prizes  as  he  may  di- 
rect. The  prizes  are  publicly  awarded  on 
Commencement  Day. 

High  School  graduates  stand  foremost 
among  respected  business  and  professional 
men  in  Philadelphia.  Many  have  been  ele- 
vated to  positions  of  trust  in  the  service  of  the 
city,  State  and  Nation.* 

Prominent  among  those  who  have  occupied 
pubHc  office  and  positions  of  prominence  are: 
Ex-U.  S.  Senator  Charles  F.  Manderson,  of 
Nebraska;  ex-Governor  of  Pennsylvania, 
Robert  E.  Pattison;  ex-Governor  and  Su- 
preme Court  Justice  of  New  Jersey,  Leon 
Abbet,  deceased;  ex-Lieutenant-Governor  of 


Washington  Territory.  Judge  Elwood  Evans; 
ex-Commissioner  of  Patents,  Samuel  S. 
Fisher,  deceased;  George  Davidson,  who  has 
served  the  United  States  Coast  Survey  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  for  over  fifty  years;  James  Cog- 
gins,  who  was  a  member  of  the  California 
Legislature;  General  James  W.  Latta,  Secre- 
tary of  Liternal  Affairs  of  Pennsylvania; 
William  V.  McGrath,  deceased,  who  was  State 
Treasurer  of  Pennsylvania;  Congressman 
Ignatius  Donnelly,  of  Minnesota,  also  a  fa- 
mous author; William WilkinsCarr, lawyer  and 
Postmaster  of  Philadelphia;  Charles  S.  Lin- 
coln, Clerk  of  United  States  District  Court; 


*For  the  accompanying  compilation  of  graduates'  names, 
the  author  is  indebted  to  the  able  historian  of  the  Associated 
Alumni,  Harry  S.  Hopper,  Esq. 


DANIEL  W.  HOWARD, 
Master  of  Archives  Associated  Alumni  of  the  Central  High  School. 


Cyrus  Newlin,  deceased.  United  States  Dis- 
trict Attorney  of  Virginia;  Clinton  Roger:^ 
Woodruff,  Secretary  of  the  Municipal 
League;  George  Harding,  the  expert  patent 
lawyer. 

Harry  R.  Comly,  District  Attorney  of 
Helena,  Montana;  Adam  Everly,  ex-Consul 
to  Birmingham,  England;  Alexander  P. 
Colesberry,  United  States  Marshal;  Dominic 
L  Murphy,  United  States  Commissioner  of 
Pensions;  Lewis  A.  Kershaw,  who  became  a 
barrister  of  London;  John  J.  Ridgway,  ex- 
Collector  of  the  Port;  Henry  C.  Parsons,  ex- 
Mayor  ofWilliamsport,  Pennsylvania; William 
Nelson  West,  deceased,  City  Solicitor;  George 


E.  Kirkpatrick,  Superintendent  of  the  Girard 
Estate;  Harry  L.  Neall,  Secretary  of  City 
Civil  Service  Board;  George  A.  Bullock,  ex- 
Chief  of  Bureau  of  Highways;  John  L.  Ogden, 
ex-Chief  of  Water  Department;  Alfred  S. 
Eisenhower,  Chief  of  Bureau  of  City  Prop- 
erty; William  J.  Roney,  Receiver  of  Taxes; 
Park  Commissioners  David  W.  Sellers  and 
John  G.  Johnson,  also  eminent  lawyers;  James 
L.  Miles,  President  of  Select  Council;  Wencel 
Hartman.  President  of  Common  Council; 
John  R.  Stevens  and  Richard  Peltz,  of  the 
Building  Commission. 

Ex-Congressman  John  V.Creely;  Walter  E. 
Rex.  ex-Register  of  Wills:  District  Attornev 


DR.  EDWIN  JAMES  HOUSTON, 
Librarian  Associated  Alumni  of  the  Central  High  School. 


Henry  S.  Hagert,  deceased;  David  H.  Lane, 
€x-Recorder  of  Philadelphia;  William  Mc- 
Michael.  deceased.  Assistant  U.  S.  x\ttorney; 
General  Robert  P.  Dechert,  deceased,  County 
Controller  of  Philadelphia;  William  H.  James, 
deceased.  District  Attorney  of  Venango 
County.  Pennsylvania,  and  Councilman  of 
Philadelphia;  John  P.  J.  Sensenderfer.  County 
Commissioner;  Lewis  C.  Cassidy,  deceased, 
Attorney-General  of  Pennsylvania;  Andrew 
Mason,  U.  S.  Assay  Officer,  New  York; 
ex-Judge  Henry  J.  McCarthy,  of  the  Superior 
Court    of    Pennsylvania;    Justice    James    T. 


Mitchell,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Supreme  Court, 
Judges  James  Gay  Gordon,  Michael  Arnold, 
Mayer  Sulzberger  and  Abraham  M.  Beitler 
and  ex-Judge  Theodore  F.  Jenkins,  of  the 
Courts  of  Common  Pleas;  Judge  James  Lynd. 
deceased.  Judges  William  B.  Hanna,  William 
N.  Ashman  and  Joseph  C.  Ferguson,  of  the 
Orphans'  Court;  Justice  Edward  Patterson, 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York;  James  B. 
Sheridan,  deceased.  Justice  of  New  York 
Marine  Court. 

P.  A.  B.  Widener.  Thomas  Dolan  and 
David  W.  Dickson,  of  the  city  railway  cor- 
porations, were  students  in  the  school;  also 
Captain  John  P.  Green.  Joseph  S.  Harris. 
Clinton  G.  Hancock.  Stephen  W.  White,  John 
R.  Fanshawe.  James  G.  McCollin,  officers  of 
railroad  corporations;  also  shipbuilders 
Cramps  and  Dialogue;  William  P.  Henszey, 
of  the  Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  and 
Clement  A.  Griscom,  of  the  great  navigation 
companies. 

Other  prominent  Alumni  are  James  L. 
Hays,  President  of  the  State  Board  of  Educa- 
tion of  New  Jersey;  T.  Guilford  Smith,  of  the 
Board  of  Regents  of  the  Universitv  cf  New 
York;  George  Inman  Riche,  for  many  years 
President  of  the  High  School;  George 
Howard  Cliff,  Principal  of  the  Philadelphia 
Normal  School  for  Girls;  Dr.  William  H. 
Wahl,  Secretary  of  the  Franklin  Institute; 
Thomas  May  Peirce,  deceased,  Principal  of 
the  well-known  business  school;  Alfred  Hem- 
bold,  Jr.,  Secretary  of  the  Williamson  School: 
the  late  John  Edgar,  President  of  Wilson 
College  at  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania;  Andrew  J. 
Morrison,  Assistant  Superintendent  of 
Schools  of  Philadelphia;  Professor  William  L. 
Sayre,  Principal  of  the  Central  Manual  Train- 
ing School;  Samuel  Mecutchen,  formerly  a 
Professor  in  the  High  School. 

The  famous  electrical  investigators  and  in- 
ventors, Edwin  J.  Houston  and  Elihu  Thomp- 
son are  graduates,  and  both  were  also  Pro- 
fessors in  the  school.  Among  other  scientific 
men  are  Dr.  Henry  Leffman,  S.  Lloyd  Wie- 
gand,  J.  Vaughan  Merrick,  Albert  R.  Leeds, 


576 


Charles  F.  Kroeh.  Dr.  Charles  M.  Cresson, 
deceased;  Dr.  B.  Howard  Rand,  deceased. 

A  number  of  High  School  graduates  are 
teachers  in  the  grammar  and  other  grades  of 
schools.  Others  are  professors  and  instruct- 
ors in  colleges  and  universities,  including  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  Lehigh  Univer- 
sity. Cornell  University,  the  Medico-Chirur- 
gical  College,  Hahnemann  Medical  College, 
Jefferson  IVIedical  College,  the  Stevens  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  of  Hoboken;  Lafayette 
College  and  others.  Thomas  M.  Drown  is 
President  of  Lehigh  University. 

Several  members  of  the  present  City  Coun- 
cils and  the  State  Legislature  were  students 
at  the  institution.  Eight  members  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  and  its  secretary 
were  students  also.  In  the  faculty  of  the 
High  School  twelve  professors  and  instruct- 
ors, two  professors  emeritus  and  twenty-eight 
former  professors  and  instructors  were  High 
School  men. 

Among  the  journalists  and  authors  are  Joel 
Cook,  C.  Cathcart  Taylor,  deceased;  James  S. 
McCartney,  James  W.  King,  James  Rankin 
\'oung,  for  many  years  also  Executive  Clerk 
of  the  United  States  Senate;  George  Alfred 
Townsend,  Russell  P.  Jacoby,  of  Newark. 
N.  J.;  Colonel  Stephen  N.  Winslow,  Charles 
F.  School,  William  M.  Singerly,  J.  Barclay 
Harding,  Henry  C.  Titus,  Rev.  Robert  M. 
Patterson,  George  J.  Erennan.  Alexander  J. 
McCleary,  Frank  R.  Stockton,  Henry  George, 
Ignatius  Donnelly,  William  H.  Samuel. 
Edwin  J.  Houston,  Stockton  Bates,  Dr. 
Bushrod  W.  James  and  many  others. 

Among  the  bankers  and  brokers  are  Edward 
W.  Clark,  George  S.  Fox,  George  I.  Bodine. 
DeHaven  Brothers  and  John  Sailer.  Joseph 
Drexel,  deceased,  was  also  a  student. 

Upwards  of  two  hundred  lawyers  engaged 
in  active  practice  in  Philadelphia,  many  phy- 
sicians, clergymen,  a  few  artists  and  musicians, 
beside  hundreds  of  merchants,  manufacturers 
and  other  business  men  are  also  alumni. 

The  president  of  the  Associated  Alumni  is 
Robert     Emorv     Pattison,     ex-Governor    of 


Pennsylvania,  now  a  business  man  in  this  city. 
He  graduated  from  the  High  School  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1870,  as  the  valedictorian  of  his  class. 
The  vice-presidents  are  John  R.  Fanshawe 
and  John  Frederick  Lewis.  The  former 
graduated  in  February,  i860.  He  is  offi- 
cially connected  with  the  Lehigh  Valley 
Railroad  Company.  He  is  chairman  of  the 
Alumni's  Committee  on  New  Buildings.  Mr. 
Lewis  is  an  attorney-at-law,  is  solicitor  of  the 
Bourse  and  a  director  in  many  financial  in- 
stitutions. He  graduated  from  the  High 
School  in  1879,  the  first  honor  man  of  his 
class. 


HARRY  SHELMIRE  HOPPER, 
Historian  Associated  Alumni  of  the  Central  High  School. 

The  recording  secretary  is  George  Barclay 
Hawkes,  who  is  connected  with  a  coal  ship- 
ping firm  in  Philadelphia.  He  graduated  in 
February,  1886,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1894.  He  was  largely  instrumental  in 
l)ringing  about  the  reorganization  of  the  As- 
sociated Alumni,  in  1886. 

The  corresponding  secretary  is  William 
John  Long,  who  graduated  in  February,  1891. 
He  was  for  three  years  in  the  office  of  the 
Pullman  Palace  Car  Company,  later  register- 
ing as  a  student-at-law,  and  is  now  secre- 
tary to  Dr.  Robert  Ellis  Thompson,  presi- 
dent of  the  faculty  of  the  Central  High 
School. 


The  treasurer  is  Charles  Biddle,  who  grad- 
uated in  June,  1878.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1880,  and  is  engaged  in  active  prac- 
tice as  a  lawyer. 

The  master  of  archives  is  Daniel  W. 
Howard,  who  graduated  in  1849,  ^"<i  was  pro- 
fessor of  history  in  the  High  School  from 
1850  to  1886. 

The  librarian  is  Dr.  Edwin  James  Houston, 
who  was  a  member  of  the  faculty  from  1867  to 
1894.  and  who  is  now  a  professor  emeritus. 
Dr.  Houston  is  a  disting-uished  scientist  and 
electrician  of  wide  renown. 

The  historian  is  Harry  Shelmire  Hopper, 
a  son  of  Professor  Zephaniah  Hopper,  the 
senior  professor  in  the  High  School.  Mr. 
Hopper  is  a  lawyer  and  is  well  and  favorably 
known  in  his  profession.     He  is  perhaps  more 


thoroughly  identihed  with  High  School  in- 
terests than  any  other  man.  He  has  collected 
all  documents  bearing  upon  the  history  of  the 
school,  and  keeps  a  record  of  all  the  professors 
and  students  since  the  establishment  of  the 
school.  He  unselfishly  devotes  much  time 
and  attention  to  this  work,  and  the  value  of 
the  results  of  his  endeavors  in  the  interest  of 
the  school  cannot  be  overestimated. 

The  board  of  managers  is  composed  of 
the  officers  and  the  following  members: 
Charles  S.  Crowell,  Daniel  W.  Gratiy,  Jacol) 
Singer,  William  H.  Staake,  Clinton  Rogers 
Woodrufif,  George  J.  Brennan,  Judge  James 
Gay  Gordon,  John  Story  Jenks,  David  H. 
Lane,  Frederick  Schober,  S.  Solis  Cohen. 
George  E.  Kirkpatrick,  James  W.  Latta. 
Louis  J.  Lautenbach  and  Stephen  W.  White. 


57P 


Alumnae  Association  of  the  Girls'  High 
and  Normal  Schools 


In  response  to  a  notice  signed  by  Hannah 
M.  Cheyney,  representatives  of  all  the  classes 
that  had  been  graduated  from  the  Girls'  Nor- 
mal School  of  Philadelphia  met  at  Seven- 
teenth and  Spring  Garden  streets  on  Saturday 
afternoon, June  9,  1888.  Miss  Cheyney  stated 
that  the  object  of  the  meeting  was  to  consider 


MRS.  GEORGE  W.  KENDRICK,  JR., 
President  Alumnae  Association  of  the  Girls'  High  and  Normal  School^ 


the  organization  of  an  Alumnae  Associa- 
tion. The  sul)ject  had  first  been  discussed  at 
a  reunion  of  the  class  of  January,  1874.  held 
April  30,  1887,  at  which  a  committee  consist- 
ing of  Miss  Hannah  M.  Cheyney,  Miss  Anna 
B.  Hall,  Mrs.  Caroline  G.  Boughton,  Mrs.  T. 
H.  Symonds  and  Miss  Amelia  Allen,  was  ap- 


pointed to  take  the  necessary  preliminary 
steps.  A  year  passed  without  definite  plans, 
but  the  interest  of  other  graduates  had  mean- 
while been  secured,  and  this  led  to  the  meet- 
ing of  June  9th. 

At  this  meeting  Miss  Lydia  A.  Kirby  spoke 
in  favor  of  an  alumnae  association  as  a 
means  of  inducing  continued  study  and  pro- 
moting the  higher  culture  of    its  members. 


MRS.  H.  W.  HALLIWELL 

Treasurer  Alumnae  Association  of  the  Girls'  High  and  Normal  Schools. 

Many  others  warmly  advocated  the  proposi- 
tion, and  it  was  unanimously  decided  to  form 
such  an  association.  Mrs.  Charles  M.  Lukens 
and  Miss  Elizabeth  S.  Tait  were  chosen  tem- 
porary President  and  Secretarv.  A  commit- 
tee of  three,  consisting  of  Miss  Anna  C. 
Webb,  Miss  Lydia  A.  Kirby  and  Miss  V.  C. 
Piper,  was  appointed  to  draft  a  Constitution. 


By  consent  of  the  meeting  this  number  was 
afterward  increased  by  the  addition  of  Miss 
Margaret  S.  Prichard  and  Miss  Hannah  M. 
Cheyney.  At  the  next  meeting,  held  October 
27,  Miss  Webb  having  resigned  on  account  of 
ill  health.  Mrs.  G.  W.  Kendrick.  Jr..  was  ap- 
pointed in  her  place,  and  by  special  motion 
Mrs.  Lukens  was  added  to  the  committee  for 
drafting  a  Constitution. 

On  January  19,  1889,  the  Alumnae  Asso- 
ciation of  the  Girls'  High  and  Normal  Schools 
of  Philadelphia  was  organized  with  219  mem- 
bers. Mrs.  Charles  M.  Lukens  was  elected 
President.       Miss   Emilv   Sartain    and    Mrs. 


members  that  at  no  election  since  has  there 
been  a  disposition  to  name  another  president. 

The  objects  of  the  Association  were  an- 
nounced in  the  Constitution  to  be  "the  culti- 
vation of  social  relations  among  the  gradu- 
ates, the  promotion  of  the  best  interests  of 
the  schools  and  the  furthering  in  every  way 
of  all  efiforts  toward  the  enlargement  of  op- 
portunities for  women."  The  qualifications 
for  membership  were  graduation  from  the 
Girls'  High  or  Normal  School  and  the  pay- 
ment of  an  annual  fee  of  $1. 

Four  regular  meetings  of  the  Association 
are  held  each  year.    At  the  annual  meeting  in 


MRS.  JOSEPHINE  RITCHIE, 
Vice-President  Alumnae  Association  of  the  (liris'  High  and  Normal  Schools. 


MISS  VIRGINIA  C.  PIPER, 
Vice-President  Alumnae  Association  of  the  (jirls'  High  and  Normal  Schools. 


Henry  W.  Halliwell  were  elected  Vice-Presi- 
dents, and  Mrs.  George  W.  Kendrick.  Jr.,  Sec- 
retary and  Treasurer.  These  oflficers,  together 
with  fifteen  members,  formed  an  Executive 
Board.  The  office  of  president  was  filled  by 
Mrs.  Lukens  with  great  satisfaction  to  the 
entire  Alumnae,  and  at  her  withdrawal,  in 
1893,  much  regret  was  expressed.  Mrs. 
George  W.  Kendrick,  Jr.,  was  then  elected 
her  successor.  Mrs.  Kendrick,  by  her  unfail- 
ing courtesy,  untiring  energy  and  marked 
ability,  has  so  endeared  herself  to  Alumnae 


January  the  election  of  officers  is  held, 
and  the  amendments  to  the  Constitution  and 
By-Laws,  proposed  in  October,  are  acted 
upon.  The  May  meeting  is  devoted  to  enter- 
tainment and  social  intercourse.  At  the  meet- 
ings which  take  place  in  October  and  March 
business  is  transacted  and  topics  of  general 
interest  are  considered. 

Almost  immediately  after  the  formation  of 
the  Association  the  desirability  of  establishing 
a  home  or  a  fund  to  assist  teachers  who.  by 
reason  of  ill  health  or  advanced  years,  were 
unaljle  to  fulfill  the  duties  of  their  profession. 


580 


was  urged  by  Miss  M.A.Campbell,  of  the  Nor- 
mal School,  and  her  sister.  Miss  Jane  Camp- 
bell. As  a  result  of  a  thorough  investigation 
of  the  best  means  to  accomplish  this  purpose 
it  was  decided  to  establish  a  fund  of  $25,000, 
to  be  known  as  the  Alumnae  Trust  Fund,  the 
interest  of  which  should  be  given  to  assist 
teachers  who  were  in  ill  health  or  who  needed 
only  temporary  assistance.  It  was  also  re- 
solved to  advise  the  teachers  to  form  for 
themselves  "The  Teachers'  Annuity  and  Aid 
Association  of  Philadelphia,"  the  Alumnae 
promising  all  assistance  in  its  power.  In  pur- 
suance of  this  action  such  an  association  was 


Teachers'  Annuity  and  Aid  Association  and 
the  Alumnae  Association.  While  the  fund  is 
not  large,  many  teachers  are  aided  and  the 
shadows  of  their  closing  years  are  lightened 
by  comforts  and  kind  remembrances. 

On  June  10,  1892,  the  Association  received 
its  charter  from  the  Legislature  and  became  a 
regularly  incorporated  body.  Little  change 
was  made  in  the  government,  but  ten  stand- 
ing committees  were  established,  through 
which,  with  the  concurrence  of  the  Executive 
Board,  all  business  is  transacted.  These  com- 
mittees are  Finance,  Alumnae  Fund,  Lecture, 
Entertainment,      Educational,     Anniversarv. 


tf 


MRS.  B.  F.  JOHNSON, 

Corresponding  Secretary  Alumnae  Association  of  the  Girls'  High  and 

Normal  Schools. 


«*  *-"*<. 


MRS.  G.  L.  ESTABROOK, 

Recording  Secretary  Alumnae  Association  of  the  Girls'  High  and 

Normal  Schools. 


formed  and  a  fair  was  held  by  the  two  organi- 
zations, which  opened  December  3d  and  con- 
tinued until  December  12,  189 1.  By  the  aid 
of  a  generous  public,  at  this  fair  $67,587.03 
was  cleared.  This  amount,  after  deductino- 
$3,371.93  to  complete  the  $25,000  for  the 
Alumnae  Trust  Fund,  was  placed  in  the  Per- 
manent Fund  of  the  Annuity  and  Aid  Asso- 
ciation. 

The  Alumnae  Trust  Fund,  interest  on 
which  during  the  four  years  it  has  been  dis- 
tributed has  amounted  to  $5,170,  is  adminis- 
tered l)y  a  committee  representing  both  the 


Excursion,  Printing,  Historical  and  Building 
Fund.  Under  these  various  committees  the 
Alumnae  has  established  classes  in  French, 
German,  physical  culture,  current  literature 
and  the  study  of  Shakespeare,  which  are  all 
largely  attended  and  thoroughly  appreciated 
by  the  members. 

On  the  last  Saturday  of  January  of  each 
year  a  luncheon  is  held,  commemorating  the 
establishment  of  the  first  Normal  School  and 
the  organization  of  the  Alumnae.  The  growth 
and  development  of  the  school  are  here  freely 
discussed,    as    representatives    are    generally 


581 


present  from  every  class,  from  that  of  1849  to 
the  last  that  has  graduated.  The  hopes  for 
the  future  position  of  the  public  schools  in 
the  educational  world  are  announced  and 
dwelt  upon. 

An  annual  course  of  lectures  and  enter- 
tainments has  been  given  each  year,  including 
lectures  by  such  well-known  persons  as  Julia 
Ward  Howe,  Abby  Sage  Richardson.  Pro- 
fessor Davidson,  Dr.  Van  Dyke,  Elso-n  Riddle. 
Colonel  Malcolm  Johnson,  Ruth  McEnory 
Stuart  and  Dr.  Brul)aker. 

The  Alumnae  maintains  a  scholarship  at 
BrynMawr  for  a  graduate  of  the  High  School, 


MRS.  D.  W    HUTCHIN, 

Former  Corresponding  Secretary  Alumnae  Association  of  the  Girls'  High 

and  Normal  Schools. 


and  has  been  instrumental  in  securing  a  pro- 
portion of  the  city  scholarships  for  the  High 
and  Normal  Schools.  In  1893  an  application 
was  made  by  the  Alumnae  that  the  courses  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  should  be 
open  to  women,  in  response  to  which  noti- 
fication was  given  that  the  trustees  had  de- 
cided to  open  the  biological  course  to  all 
desirous  of  following  it.  Thankful,  but  not 
satisfied,  the  Association  is  waiting  patiently 
until  some  provision  is  made  by  which  there 
shall  be  a  continued  chain  from  the  kinder- 
garten to  the  degrees  of  Bachelor  of  Science 
and  Bachelor  of  Arts. 


In  1896  the  Alumnae  originated  the  idea 
that  a  course  of  lectures  on  educational  topics 
by  the  great  thinkers  of  the  country  be  given 
annually  in  the  city  for  the  benefit  of  teachers 
and  all  interested  in  education.  In  pursuance 
of  this  thought,  through  the  co-operation  of 
the  Civic  Club,  Teachers'  Institute,  Friends' 
(Orthodox)  Teachers'  Association  and  the 
Educational  Club,  Miss  Sarah  L.  Arnold,  of 
Boston,  and  Col.  Francis  W.  Parker,  of  Cooke 
County  Normal  School.  Illinois,  were  en- 
gaged to  speak  at  the  Philadelphia  Normal 
School  for  Girls.  Miss  Arnold's  subjects  were 
"Correlation  of  Studies"  and  "Child  Study." 
Colonel  Parker  spoke  on  "The  Child  and 
Nature,"  "Child  and  Man."  "Modes  ol  Ex- 
pression," "Attention  and  Objects  of  Atten- 
tion." "Artist  and  Artisan." 

This  plan  of  having  a  continuous  course  of 
lectures  extending  over  an  entire  week  having 
proven  such  a  success,  this  year  the  Alumnae 
under  similar  co-operation  has  decided  to  in- 
vite Dr.  G.  Stanley  Hall,  of  Clark  University, 
to  speak  during  the  week  of  April  6th,  on 
"Study  of  Nature."  "Motor  Side  of  Training." 
"Adolescence,  '  "Nutrition."  "General  Princi- 
ples and  Physiology  of  Education."  The 
Alumnae  Association  hopes  to  see  this  course 
of  lectures  become  a  yearly  factor  in  the  edu- 
cational life  of  the  city. 

The  present  ollficers  of  the  association  are: 
President,  Mrs.  George  W.  Kendrick.  Jr. ; 
Vice-Presidents.  Mrs.  Josephine  Ritchie  and 
Miss  V.  C.  Piper;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  H.  W.  Hal- 
liwell;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  B.  F. 
Johnson;  Recording  Secretarv,  Mrs.  G.  L. 
Estabrook;  Directors,  Mrs.  C.  G.  Saul,  Mrs. 
M.  D.  Geisler,  Mrs.  Isaac  Remington,  Miss 
Elizabeth  S.  Tait,  Miss  E.  V.  McLoughlin, 
Miss  Mary  Maxwell.  Miss  Elizabeth  Dornan, 
Miss  C.  Hassenplug.  Mrs.  J.  W.  Boughton, 
Mrs.  George  H.  Stout,  Mrs.  D.  W.  Hutchin, 
Mrs.  L.  L.  VV.  Wilson.  Mrs.  David  W.  Hunt, 
Miss  Elizabeth  B.  Craven  and  Mrs.  George 
W.  Fetter. 

On  January  10,  1897,  there  were  enrolled 
over    1.700   members,   which,    it    is  believed. 


582 


makes   this  the   larj^est    organized    body   of  The    treasurer,    at    the    January    meeting, 

women  in  the  country.     It  is  possible  for  this  reported  in  the  Fund  for  Current  Expenses, 

Association  to  be  increasedat  the  rateof  seven  $1,025.31;   in   Building   Fund,   $2,895.14;   in 

or  eight  hundred  members  yearly,  for  that  is  Permanent  Fund,  $2,270.60;  making  a  total 

about  the  number  annually  graduated    from  of  $6,191.05. 

the  two  schools.     \\'hat  may  not  be  accom-  The  Association  hopes  some  time  in   the 

plished  by  such  a  body  of  intelligent,  cultured  future  to  possess  its  own  building.     It  trusts 

women,   working  together  in   harmony  and  to  the  generosity  of  its  members  and  friends 

earnestness  of  purpose?  to  make  this  an  early  possibility. 


583 


The  Educational  Club 


The  Educational  Club  of  Philadelphia  was 
organized  in  1892,  through  the  efforts  of  Dr. 
Edward  Brooks,  Superintendent  of  Public 
Schools,  and  George  H.  Cliff,  Principal  of  the 
Philadelphia  Normal  School  for  Girls.  The 
first  meeting  was  held  November  28thof  that 
year,  in  the  hall  of  the  Mercantile  Library. 
Dr.  Brooks  made  the  introductory  address. 

Other  speakers  were  Dr.  C.  Hanford  Hen- 
derson, then  Principal  of  the  Northeast  Man- 


these.  The  speakers  are  uniformly  good; 
many  of  them  brilliant,  and  the  audiences  are 
large  and  appreciative.  The  attendance  is  sel- 
dom below  five  hundred,  and  is  frequently  as 
high  as  twelve  hundred.  The  audiences  em- 
brace all  classes  of  society,  but  are  mainly 
composed  of  teachers. 

Some    distinguished    educators    have    ad- 
dressed the  Club  at  its  monthly  meetings,  in- 


GEORGE  H.  CLIFF. 


JAMES  MONROE  WILLARD, 
Ex- President  of  the  Educational  Club. 


ual  Training  School,  and  Dr.  J.  F.  Holt,  of 
the  Central  High  School  faculty.  There  were 
between  two  and  three  hundred  present. 

The  Educational  Club  holds  monthlymeet- 
ings,  at  which  topics  are  discussed  which  di- 
rectly concern  the  teacher.  Outside  the  as- 
semblages of  the  great  national  organizations 
there  are  few  meetings  of  teachers  that  are 
more    delightful    and    instructive    than    are 


eluding  Professor  Charles  de  Garnio,  Dr.  Ed- 
mund J.  James,  Dr.  Nicholas  Murray  Butler, 
Dr.  Elmer  Gates,  Dr.  Lightner  Witmer,  Pro- 
fessor Simon  N.  Patton,  State  Superintend- 
ent of  Public  Instruction  Nathan  C.  Schaef- 
fer,  Professor  Martin  G.  Brumbaugh,  Dr. 
Edward  Brooks,  Dr.  Harrison  Allen,  Dr.  J. 
Madison  Taylor  and  Dr.  Robert  Ellis  Thomp- 
son. 


585 


The  membership  of  the  Educational  Chib 
includes  many  of  the  leading  teachers  of  Phil- 
adelphia. It  was  at  first  limited  to  men  en- 
gaged in  teaching  or  superintendence  in  the 
Philadelphia  public  schools,  but  now  both 
men  and  women  teachers  in  the  public  and 
private  schools  of  the  city  are  eligible  to 
membership.  The  members  are  not  the  only 
ones  who  are  benefited  by  the  organization, 
as  the  meetings  are  always  open  to  the  public. 

Many  of  the  papers  read  before  the  Club 
have  been  printed  in  educational  journals 
throughout  the  country.  The  Clul)  has  also 
had  published  in  pamphlet  form  several  pa- 


direction  of  the  Educational  Club.  The  paper 
is  in  the  hands  of  an  editorial  committee,  con- 
sisting  of  George  H.  CHfif,  chairman;  Frank- 
lin S.  Edmonds,  vice-chairman;  Samuel  L. 
Chew,  secretary;  Edward  Gideon,  William  C. 
Jacobs,  Edgar  A.  Singer,  Mrs.  Emma  V. 
Thomas,  Miss  Lillian  AA'allace  and  Mrs.  Lucy 
L.  Williams-Wilson. 

The  aim  of  the  paper  is  well  expressed  in 
the  following  extract  from  the  introductory 
which  appeared  in  the  first  number:  *'The 
present  is  a  period  of  transition  in  the  educa- 
tional field,  and  it  has  required  strong  will 
and  a  spirit  of  enterprise  not  to  capitulate  to 


ANDREW  J.  MORRISON, 
President  Educational  Club. 


CHARLES  H.  BRELSFORD, 

Vice-President  Educational  Club. 


pers  and  speches.  including  Dr.  Brooks'  in- 
troductory, a  paper  by  Dr.  Edmund  J.  James, 
on  "Philadelphia's  Need  of  a  Commercial 
High  School;"  one  by  Professor  Sydney  T. 
Skidmore,  of  the  Normal  School  faculty,  on 
"Evolution  of  Play,"  and  two  papers  by  Ed- 
ward Gideon,  Supervising  Principal  of  the 
George  G.  Meade  School,  on  "The  Substitute 
Question,"  and  "Teachers'  Pensions." 

The  month  of  November,  1896,  saw  the 
pubHcation  of  the  initial  number  of  "The 
Teacher,"  a  journal  published  monthly,  ex- 
cepting July  and  August,  under  the  editorial 


certain  retroactive  forces  at  work  in  Phila- 
delphia. It  has,  therefore,  seemed  to  the 
Educational  Club  that,  as  incidental  to  its 
work  in  the  cause  of  education  in  Philadel- 
phia, it  should  have  a  regular  means  of  com- 
munication with  teachers  and  others  in- 
terested in  education,  so  that  the  presentation 
and  discussion  of  important  local  problems,  as 
well  as  those  of  far-reaching  consequence, 
might  be  easy,  and  the  form  permanent.  It 
is  for  this  reason  that  the  Educational  Club 
has  undertaken  the  task  of  editing  'The 
Teacher.'  " 


586 


The  paper  may  already  be  said  to  ])e  one 
of  the  best  educational  journals  in  the  coun- 
try. It  is  clean,  bright  and  carefully  edited, 
and  contains  nuich  matter  of  educational 
value. 

The  Educational  Club  is  governed  by  an 
executive  council  of  twenty  members,  con- 
sisting of  Andrew  J.  Morrison,  Assistant 
Superintendent  of  Public  Schools.  President; 
Charles     IT     Brelsford.      Princij^al     of     the 


School.  Germantown;  George  H.  Cliff,  Prin- 
cipal of  the  Philadelphia  Normal  School; 
Oliver  P.  Cornman,  Principal  of  the  North- 
west School;  Franklin  S.Edmonds,  Instructor 
in  History  in  the  Central  High  School;  D.  W. 
Hutchin,  Principal  of  the  Northern  Liberties 
School;  George  V.  Z.  Long,  Assistant  in  the 
Nichols  School;  Jesse  H.  Michener,  Principal 
of  the  Martha  Washington  School;  Theodore 


DAVID  H.  STOUT, 
Secretary  Educational  Club. 


EDWARD  GIDEON, 
Treasurer  Educational  Club. 


Claghorn  School,  Vice-President;  David  II. 
Stout,  Principal  of  the  Cambria  School,  Sec- 
retary; Edward  Gideon,  Principal  of  the 
Meade  School,  Treasurer;  Dr.  Francis  Burke 
Brandt.  Professor  of  Pedagogy.  Central  High 
School;  Dr.  Edward  Brooks,  Superintendent 
of  Public  Schools;  William  W.  Brown,  Prin- 
cipal of  the  Joseph  Singerly  School;  Miss 
May  R.   Caroland.   Principal  of  the  Central 


L.  McDowell,  Assistant  in  the  Taggart 
School;  Miss  M.  S.  Prichard.  Teacher  of  Psy- 
chologv  in  the  Normal  School;  William  L. 
Sayre.  Principal  of  the  Central  Manual  Train- 
ing School;  Edgar  A.  Singer,  Assistant  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Schools;  George  H. 
Stout.  Principal  of  the  Newton  Grammar 
School,  and  J.  Monroe  Willard.  Principal  of 
the  Northeast  Manual  Training  School. 


587 


The  Teachers'  Institute 


By  act  of  the  Legislature,  approved  March 
26,  1867,  the  Teachers'  Institute  of  the  City 
and  County  of  Philadelphia  was  incorporated, 
and  the  yearly  reports  show  conclusively  that 
it  is  literally  fulfilling  the  objects  and  designs 
of  its  formation.  George  Inman  Riche,  then 
Principal  of  the  High  School,  was  its  first 
president,  and  among  the  other  officials  were 
.such    noted   educators   as    Fetter,    Stephens, 


partments:  Elocution,  mathematics,  geogra- 
R.  E.  Rogers.  Public  quarterly  meetings 
were  arranged,  and  at  the  first  of  these  five 
essays  by  women  teachers  were  read. 

The  Institute  library  began  with  some  200 
works,  all  of  essential  utility.  Instruc- 
tion was  proposed  in  the  form  of  special  de- 
phy  and  astronomy,  history,  belles-lettres  and 


^- 


WILLIAM  H.  SAMUEL,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D., 
President  Teachers'  Institute. 


Christine,  the  Singers,  Hopper,  Mrs.  McManus 
and  Miss  Kereven. 

The  inaugural  ceremonies  were  held  at  the 
Central  High  School,  with  addresses  by  Rev. 
Mr.  Henson,  Dr.  Stille  and  others.  Its  first 
manifestation  after  full  organization  was  a 
course  of  lectures,  public  and  successful,  the 
lecturers  being  Rev.  W.  R.  Alger,  E.  L. 
Youmans,  E.  H.  Chapin,  Louis  Agassiz  and 


CHARLES  A.  RANDALL, 
Ex-President  Teachers'  Institute. 


languages,  philosophy,  gymnastics  and  calis- 
thenics, methods  of  instruction  and  discipline 
in  public  schools,  and  natural  sciences.  Dur- 
ing the  second  year  chemistry  and  physics, 
German  and  French,  were  added.  These  de- 
partments afterwards  l^ecame  known  as 
classes.  These  classes  meet  weekly,  the  num- 
ber of  sessions  ranging  from  five  to  twenty. 


589 


being  distributed,  when  necessary,  in  various 
localities. 

Of  special  enterprises  the  annual  reports 
show:  The  securing  from  the  State  of  a 
yearly  appropriation  of  $3,000;  the  formation 
of  the  trusts  and  relief  fund;  the  invitation 
to  the  State  Teachers'  Association  for  its 
meeting  at  Philadelphia  in  1870;  the  Phila- 
delphia Teachers'  reception  room  at  the  Cen- 
tennial Exposition  of  1876;  the  procuring  of 
the  Russian  and  Japanese  exhibits  at  the  same 
Exposition;  the  creation  of  a  building  fund; 
the  pecuniary  relief  afforded  to  teachers  who 
suffered  by  the  Ohio  flood;  the  movement 
which   resulted   in   the  increase  of  teachers' 


MISS  MARY  A.  WALLACE, 
Secretary  Teachers'  Institute. 

salaries;  the  life  directorship  in  the  National 
Educational  Association,  and  the  indispen- 
sable assistance  rendered  in  the  modification 
of  methods  and  courses  of  study. 

The  Trusts  and  Relief  Fund  amount  to 
$24,000  of  investments.  In  aid  of  necessitous 
teachers  who  are  members  of  the  Institute, 
$15,000  has  been  expended.  The  Build- 
ing Fund  now  amounts  to  $7,340.40.  The  Li- 
brary has  increased  from  200  volumes  to 
13,901.  There  are  2,200  members  enrolled 
out  of  a  total  teaching  force  of  3,100  in  Phila- 
delphia. 

Any  teacher  may  become  a  member  of  the 
Institute  upon  payment  of  one  dollar,  with 


formal  election,  that  being  the  amount  of  the 
annual  dues  and  entitling^  the  members  to  the 
privilege  of  any  class,  lecture  or  entertain- 
ment, to  use  of  library,  to  the  consideration  of 
the  Relief  Fund,  etc.  The  administration  is 
vested  in  a  Board  of  Manap"ers,  composed  of 
all  of  the  officers  and  committees  elected  for 
each  year.  The  officers  for  the  year  1896  were: 
President,  Charles  A.  Randall;  vice-president. 
Dr.  William  H.  Samuel;  secretary,  Mary  A. 
Wallace;  treasurer, Ella M.Lukens;  represent- 
ative to  National  Educational  Association 
meeting,  Elizabeth  Caskey.  Business  com- 
mittee: Robert  J.  McLaughlin,  chairman; 
Margaret    B.    Dunn,    Elizabeth   S.    Tait,    M. 


Miss     ELIZABETH  CASKEY, 
Representative  to  National  Educational  Association. 


Anna  Todd,  Martha  Callan,  Anna  Anthony,. 
John  S.  Lawrence,  Franklin  F.  Cartledge. 
Committee  on  library  and  publication:  Mary 
J.  Lamberton,  Alice  Clark,  Jane  T.  Massey. 
Committee  on  trusts  and  relief  fund:  Vir- 
ginia C.  Piper,  Jennie  Russell  and  Ella  M. 
Lukens. 

The  Institute  has  occupied  school  build- 
ings, by  permission  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Education,  first  on  Filbert  street  above 
Seventh,  a  tiny  room,  and  latterly  on  Ser- 
geant street  above  Ninth,  with  a  promise  in 
the  near  future  of  an  entire  building  on  Cherry 
street. 


OLD  NORMAL  SCHOOL  BUILDING, 

Sergeant  Street,  above  Ninth. 

(Where  the  Teachers'  Institute  meets.) 

(From  an  old  wood  cut.) 


Teachers'  Annuity,  Aid  and  Pension 
Fund  Association 


The  inceptive  idea  of  the  Teachers'  An- 
nuity, Aid  and  Pension  Fund  Association 
arose  from  a  suggestion  made  by  Miss  Mary 
Campbell  at  a  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  Associ- 
ation of  the  Girls'  High  and  Normal  Schools, 
in  1889,  that  a  home  for  disabled  and  super- 
annuated teachers  should  be  founded. 
Through  her  efforts  the  Association  was  led 
to  start  a  fund  of  $25,000  for  the  aid  of  such 


WILLIAM  H.  SAMUEL,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D., 
President  Teachers'  Annuity,  Aid  and  Pension  Fnnd  Association. 


teachers     This  was  called  the  Alumnae  Fund, 
and  as  such  exists  at  the  present  day. 

Early  in  1890  the  Alumnae  Association  ad- 
dressed a  circular  to  the  teachers  of  Philadel- 
phia urging  them  to  form  a  pension  associa- 
tion. As  a  result,  a  committee  of  teachers 
met  with  the  executive  board  of  the  Alumnae 
for  conference,  and  delegates  were  appointed 


by  the  teachers  to  meet  delegates  from  the 
Alumnae  Association  and  formulate  a  plan  for 
organizing  a  pension  association.  Responses 
to  a  circular  which  was  then  sent  out  showed 
that  over  1,100  teachers  were  ready  to  join 
such  an  organization.  Accordingly,  on  June 
7,  1890,  a  meeting  of  teachers  was  held  at  the 


MISS  CORNELIA  W.  ELMES, 
Vice-President  Teachers'  Annuity,  Aid  and  Pension  Fund  Association. 


Girls'  High  School.  Dr.  William  H.  Samuel 
was  chairman  and  Miss  Mary  Maxwell,  secre- 
tary of  the  meeting.  There  were  about 
500  teachers  present.  Ten  delegates,  to 
co-operate  with  a  like  number  from  the 
Alumnae  Association,  were  selected,  and  the 
first  practical  step  was  taken. 


In  January,  1891,  the  Association  went  into 
active  operation.  A  constitution,  very  like 
those  of  similar  societies  in  New  York,  Boston 
and  other  cities,  was  adopted  and  a  charter 
was  secured,  the  corporators  being  William 
H.  Samuel,  W.  Henry  Parker,  W.  J.  Caskey, 
Cornelia  W.  Elmes  and  Mary  Maxwell.  The 
officers  under  the  permanent  organization 
were:  President,  William  H.  Samuel;  vice- 
president,  Cornelia  W.  Elmes;  recording 
secretary,  Mary  Maxwell;  financial  secretary, 
W.  Henry  Parker;  treasurer,  Mary  A.  Camp- 
bell; directors,  Amelia  M.  Ryan,  Margaret 
B.  Dunn,  Cora  H.  Collins,  Ella  M.  Lukens, 


WILLIAM  J.  CASKEY, 

Financial  Secretary  Teachers'  Annuity,  Aid  and  Pension  Fund 

Association. 


any  member,  not  an  annuitant,  who  dies  dur- 
ing professional  incumbency. 

The  revenues  are  derived  from  the  annual 
dues  of  members,  being  2  per  cent,  of  their 
salaries:  from  income  on  investments,  from 
donations  and  the  proceeds  of  entertainments 
and  from  State  appropriations.  In  addi- 
tion, there  are  a  great  many  honorary  mem- 
bers, who  show  sympathy,  approval  and  sup- 
port by  contributing  $10  each  to  the  perma- 
nent fund. 


MISS  MARY  MAXWELL, 

Recording  Secretary  Teachers'  Annuity,  Aid  and  Pension  Fund 

Association. 


Charles  A.  Randall,  Anne  H.  Hall,  Sarah  W. 
Dungan,  Elizabeth  B.  Shallcross,  Deborah  L. 
Cordery  and  John  S.  LawTence. 

As  to  the  workings  of  the  Association,  they 
may  be  briefly  summarized.  Any  teacher  who 
resigns,  after  thirty-five  years  of  service  in  the 
public  schools,  may  claim  an  annuity.  This 
annuity  is  60  per  cent,  of  the  salary  received 
at  the  time  of  the  application  for  pension. 
Any  teacher  rendered  incapacitated  for  duties 
at  any  time  is  also  entitled  to  a  like  annuity, 
which  may  be  withdrawn  upon  recovery  of 
ability  to  perform  again  the  duties  of  teach- 
ing.    A  funeral  benefit  of  $too  is  allowed  to 


WM.  HKNRV  PARKER, 

Ex-Financial  Secretary  Teachers'  Annuity,  Aid  and  Pension  Fund 

Association. 


To  form  a  substantial  nucleus  for  the  fund 
a  teachers'  bazaar  was  held  in  the  Third  Regi- 
ment Armory,  Broad  and  Federal  streets, 
opening  on  December  3,  1891,  the  officers  of 
which  were:  Lady  chairman,  Mrs.  Henry  W. 
Halliwell;  secretary.  Miss  Lydia  A.  Kirby; 
treasurer,  George  W.  Fetter;  committee  of  ar- 
rangements, Paul  Kavanagh,  chairman; 
Simon  Gratz,  William  J.  Caskey,  Henry  R. 
Edmunds,  H.  \V.  Halliwell,  Mrs.  George  W. 
Kendrick,  Miss  Lydia  A.  Kirby,  Miss  D.  L. 
Cordery  and  Miss  Jane  Campbell.  The  net 
receipts  from  the  fair  were  $68,897.72.     This 


sum,  with  a  portion  of  the  fees  and  dues,  was 
set  apart  to  form  the  permanent  fund,  includ- 
ing also  the  contributions  of  honorary  mem- 
bers, $4,670. 

In  the  celerity  of  its  progress  and  in  the 
amplitude  of  its  funds  and  benefactions,  the 
Association  is  confessedly  among  the  foremost 
of  organizations  of  its  kind  in  this  country. 

The  present  officers  of  the  Association  are: 
President,  William  H.  Samuel;  vice-president, 
Cornelia  W.  Elmes;  recording  secretary, 
Mary  Maxwell;  financial  secretary,  William 
J.  Caskey;  treasurer,  Ella  M.  Lukens. 


59s 


The  Public  Education  Association 


The  Public  Education  Association  of  Phil- 
adelphia was  the  outgrowth  of  charital)le 
work,  its  source  being  the  Committee  on  the 
Care  of  the  Education  of  Dependent  Chil- 
dren, of  the  Society  for  Organizing  Charity. 
At  a  meeting  of  this  committee,  held  Novem- 
l)er  zy,  1880,  a  sub-committee  of  five  was  ap- 
pointed to  study  and  report  on  compulsory 
and  industrial  education.  This  su])-committee 
con.sisted  of  Miss  Charlotte  Pendleton,  Miss 
Anna  Hallowell.  Mrs.  Gillingham,  Joseph 
S.  W^hitney  and  Dr.  Robert  Ellis  Thomp- 
son. As  a  result  of  their  report  an  associa- 
tion was  formed,  in  May,  1881,  the  object  be- 
ing to  promote  the  efficiency  and  to  perfect 
the  system  of  education  in  Philadelphia. 

It  took  up  almost  immediately  the  work  of 
supporting  the  Board  of  Public  Education  in 
its  desire  to  establish  a  general  superintend- 
ency  of  schools  in  the  city.  It  next  urged 
that  instruction  in  sewing  be  introduced  into 
the  public  schools.  The  Association  also  took 
a  very  strong  position  in  favor  of  the  estab- 
lishment of  manual  training  schools,  and  it 
contributed  no  little  toward  the  movement 
which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  the  ex- 
cellent system  of  manual  training  schools  of 
which  Philadelphia  is  so  justly  proud. 

For  the  purpose  of  arousing  public  interest 
in  education  and  developing  a  sentiment 
which  would  support  the  Board  of  Public  Ed- 
ucation in  its  endeavors  to  improve  the 
school  system,  a  series  of  lectyres  w^as  held  in 
November  and  December,  1883,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Association.  The  following 
lectures  constituted  the  course:  "Public  Edu- 


cation," Professor  James  MacAlister;  "The 
Old  and  the  New  Education,"  G.  Stanley 
Hall;  "Handwork  in  Education,"  Professor 
John  M.  Ordway,  of  the  Massachusetts  Insti- 
tute of  Technology;  "The  Financial  and  Ad- 
ministrative Aspects  of  Public  Education," 
Professor  Edmund  J.  James,  then  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania. 

The  Association  also  took  up  with  great 
enthusiasm  the  project  for  the  introduction 
of  cooking  into  the  Normal  School,  and  aside 
from  the  work  of  public  agitation  in  behalf  of 
this  movement,  contributed  over  $4,000  to- 
ward the  initiation  of  the  work  during  the 
years  1 887-1 891. 

The  next  enterprise  of  the  Association  was 
the  promotion  of  an  exhibition  of  school  work, 
which  was  held  at  Horticultural  Hall,  May  8- 


II,  1888.  Eighty  thousand  citizens  visited 
the  exhibition.  The  society  contributed  over 
$2,000  to  this  work. 

The  Association  has  always  stood  for  a  re- 
organization of  the  educational  machinery  of 
the  city  to  bring  it  more  into  harmony  with 
modern  educational  requirements,  and  it  has 
done  much  to  point  out  the  defects  and  lead 
public  sentiment  in  the  direction  of  a  willing- 
ness to  remedy  them. 

Dr.  Edmund  J.  James  was  President  of  the 
Association  for  several  years,  preceding  his 
removal  from  the  city. 

The  present  officers  of  the  xA.ssociation  are: 
President,  Philip  C.  Garrett;  vice-president, 
George  W.  Hall;  secretary.  Judge  Wil- 
liam W.  Wiltbank.  The  executive  commit- 
tee    consists     of     Judge     Wiltbank,     Mrs. 


Matthew  Baird,  L.  W.  Miller,  Robert  C.  Og  For  a  full  account  of  the  work  of  the  Asso- 

den,  Isaac  H.  Clothier,  Professor  James  Mac-  ciation,  see  "A  History  of  the  Public  Educa- 

Alister,  Miss  S.  W.  Janney,  Philip  C.  Garrett,  tion  Association  of  Philadelphia,"  by  Lewis 

George  W.   Hall,    Robert   E.   Pattison    and  R.  Harley,  with  an  introduction  by  Edmund 

Francis  Rawle.  J.  James,  Philadelphia,  1896. 


598 


Teachers'  Photographic  Association 


The  Teachers'  Photographic  .Vssociation 
is  composed  of  pubHc  school  teachers  and 
Principals  who  are  interested  in  the  use  of 
pictorial  illustration  as  an  aid  to  teaching.  A 
meeting  of  Principals  who  had  been  active  in 
introducing  the  i)rojecting  lantern  and  helio- 
stat  in  the  public  schools,  was  called  at  the 
officeof  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools 


C.  HENRY  KAIN, 

President  Teachers'  Photographic  Association. 

in  December,  1895.  Dr.  Edward  Brooks  pre- 
sided, and  appointed  a  committee  to  prepare 
a  plan  for  a  permanent  organization.  Th  i 
committee  consisted  of  C.  Henry  Kain,  As- 
sistant Superintendent  of  Schools,  chairman: 


George  H.  Cliff,  Principal  of  the  Normal 
School;  George  W.  Flounders,  Principal  of 
the  Robert  Morris  School;  William  C.  Jacobs, 
Principal  of  the  Norris  J.  Hoffman  School ; 
Mrs.  Emma  V.  Thomas,  Principal  of  the 
Levering  School;  Miss  May  R.  Caroland, 
Principal  of  the  Central  School,  and  John 
P.  Garber,  Principal  of  the  Kenderton 
School. 

The  committee  prepared  a  constitution 
and  by-laws,  which  were  adopted  at  a  meet- 
ing held  in  February,  1896.  At  this  meeting 
the  following  officers  were  elected:  President, 
C.  Henry  Kain;  vice-president,  George  W. 
Flounders:  recording  secretary,  Miss  Ma- 
tilda Hand;  corresponding  secretary.  Miss 
Lillian  Wallace;  treasurer,  William  C.  Jacobs. 
The  executive  committee  is  composed  of 
the  officers  of  the  Association,  together  with 
Miss  M.  S.  Berry  and  Miss  H.  C.  Wasserman. 

During  the  months  suitable  for  outdoor 
work,  Saturday  field  excursions  are  made. 
Regular  monthly  meetings  are  held  at  the 
Normal  School  throughout  the  school  year, 
at  which  lantern  slides  are  exhibited,  show- 
ing the  work  of  the  members,  and  illustrating 
some  line  of  educational  work.  In  addition 
to  these  meetings  occasional  working  ses- 
sions are  held  in  the  Robert  Morris  School, 
at  which  demonstrations  in  various  lines  of 
photographic  work  are  made. 


Teachers'  Beneficial  Association 


The  Teachers'  Beneficial  Association  of 
Philadelphia  was  organized  and  incorporated 
in  1879.  It  is  a  mutual  insurance  asso- 
ciation, paying  benefits  to  the  families  or 
assigns  of  deceased  members.  Applicants 
for  membershii)  must  be  teachers  in  the 
Philadelphia    public    schools,    yet    any    mem- 


of  the  first  year,  it  has  grown  in  numbers  to 
553.  at  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  year.  The 
amount  paid  out  in  cash  benefits  has  reached 
a  total  of  $32,575- 

The  officers  are:  President,  Edward  Gid- 
eon; vice-president,  Jacob  H.  Sides;  secre- 
tary and  treasurer,  (ieorge  H.  Stout. 


EDWARD  GIDEON, 
President  Teachers'  Beneficial  Association. 


ber  ceasing  to  teach  may  continue  mem- 
bership in  the  Association.  Quarterly 
meetings  are  held  for  the  transaction  of 
business. 

The  organization  is  in  a  prosperous  condi- 
tion.   From  a  membership  of  249  at  the  close 


GEORGE  H.  STOUT, 
Secretary  and  Tieasurer  Teachers'  Beneficial  Association. 

The  directors  are:  D.  W.  Bartine,  M.  D., 
Mary  A.  Miller,  Margaret  W.  Struthers,  D. 
W.  Hutchin,Lou  Humphrey,  Ellen  S.  Knorr, 
Anna  J.  Crosby,  J.  Morton  Thomas,  Watson 
Cornell,  David  H.  Stout,  Edward  W.  Havi- 
land  and  Kate  W.  Hofifman. 


Night  Schools  and  Public  Libraries 


The  Public  Night  Schools 


One  of  the  most  important  features  of  the 
system  of  pubHc  education  consists  of  the 
night  schools,  conducted  for  the  benefit  of 
those  who  are  unable  to  attend  the  day  ses- 
sions. Many  a  young  man,  while  obliged  to 
work  to  earn  a  living  for  himself  and  possibly 
for  others,  has  taken  advantage  of  the  oppor- 
tunities thus  offered  of  securing  an  education 
by  studying  after  his  day's  work  has  been  com- 
pleted, and  has  by  this  means  succeeded  in 
substantially  bettering  his  condition  and  rais- 
ing himself  in  the  social  scale. 

If  there  is  any  class  which  thoroughly  ap- 
preciates the  educational  advantages  offered 
free  of  cost  by  the  State  it  is  the  class  which 
is  represented  by  the  pupils  in  the  night 
schools.  Their  presence  in  a  school-house  at 
night,  after  a  day's  work,  is  in  itself  an 
evidence  of  their  desire  to  learn,  and  the  spirit 
shown  by  these  pupils,  many  of  whom  are 
men  and  women,  is  in  marked  contrast  to  that 
of  the  average  school  boy,  who  attends  school 
from  necessity. 

The  night  schools  have  sessions  during  the 
fall  and  winter  months  on  Monday,  Tuesday 
and  Wednesday  of  each  week,  from  7.30  to 
9.30  in  the  evening,  or  from  7  to  9;  the  hours 
being  different  in  the  various  schools,  to  suit 
the  requirements  of  the  locality.  The  follow- 
ing night  schools  were  open  during  the  term 
of  1896-97. 

Artisans',  males.  Broad  and  Green  streets. 

Charles  S.  Close,  males.  Seventh  and  Dick- 
inson streets. 

William  Welsh,  males  and  females.  Thir- 
teenth and  Jackson  streets. 


Nebinger,  males.  Carpenter  street,  above 
Sixth. 

Wharton,  females.  Fifth  street,  below 
Washington  avenue. 

Mt.  Vernon,  males  and  females,  Catharine 
street,  above  Third. 

Florence,  males  and  females,  Catharine 
street,  below  Eighth. 


ALEXANDER  ADAIRE. 

Fletcher,  males  and  females.  Christian 
street,  above  Front. 

Fagen,  females.  Twelfth  street,  above  Fitz- 
water. 

William  M.  Meredith,  males  and  females, 
Fifth  street,  above  German. 

Horace  Binney,  males  and  females.  Spruce 
street,  below  Sixth. 

Northeast,  males.  Crown  and  Race  streets. 


60s 


Union,  females,  Crown  street,  above  Race.  Marshall,  males  and  females,  Franklin  and 

O.  V.  Catto,  males  and  females,  Lombard  Sellers  streets, 

street,  above  Twentieth.  White    Hall,    males    and    females,    Tacony 

Keystone,  males.  Nineteenth  street,  above  road  and  Pratt  street. 

Chestnut.  E.  S.  Miller,  males.  Forty-third  and  Ogden 

John  Agnew,  males    and    females,  Cherry  streets, 

street,  below  Eleventh.  Carroll,  males,  Salmon  street,  above  Som- 

Northern  Liberties,  males.  Third  street,  be-  erset. 

low  Green.  Sherman,  females,  Frankford  avenue    and 

German-English,  males  and  females.  Third  Somerset  street, 

street,  below  Green.  Nichols,  females.  Sixteenth    and  Wharton 

Mifflin,   males  and  females,  Third    street,  streets. 

above  Brown.  German-English,       males      and       females, 

Hancock,  males,  Fairmount  avenue,  above  Twelfth  and  Federal  streets. 

Twelfth  street.  Paschalville,  males  and  females.  Seventieth 

R.  T.  Conrad,  females,  Melon  street,  below  street  and  Woodland  avenue. 

Twelfth.  Newton,  males  and  females,  Ludlow  street, 

Roberts  Vaux,  males  and  females.  Wood  below  Thirty-sixth, 

street,  below  Twelfth.  West  End,  males  and  females.  Sixtieth  and 

Livingston,    males   and    females.    Twenty-  South  streets, 

third  street,  above  Callowhill.  West  Philadelphia,  colored,  males  and  fe- 

Ludlow,    males.    Master     and     Lawrence  males.  Forty-second  and  Ludlow  streets, 

streets.  Forest,  males  and  females,  Falls  of  Schuyl- 

John  Moffet,  females.  Second  and  Oxford  kill, 

streets.  Kenderton,  males    and    females,  Fifteenth 

Vaughan,  males,  Marlborough  and  Thonip-  street,  above  Ontario, 

son  streets.  Reynolds,  males  and  females.  Twentieth  and 

Finletter,  females,  Montgomery  avenue  and  Jefferson  streets. 

Gaul  street.  E.    M.    Stanton,    males.    Seventeenth    and 

William  H.  Hunter,  males,  Dauphin    and  Christian  streets. 

Mascher  streets.  C.  A.  Arthur,  females.  Twentieth  and  Cath- 

John  Welsh,  females.  Fourth  and  Dauphin  arine  streets, 

streets.  John  S.  Hart,  males,  York  and  Memphis 

Rutledge,     males,     Seventh     and     Norris  streets. 

streets.  L.  Mott,  females,  Huntingdon  and  Sep  viva 

Park  Avenue,  males  and  females.  Park  ave-  streets, 

nue,  below  Master.  J.  L.  Claghorn,  males  and  females,  Seven- 

Manayunk,  males  and  females.  Green  lane,  teenth  street  and  Susquehanna  avenue, 

below  Wood  street.  Fairhill,  males  and  females,  Marshall    and 

Germantown,  males    and    females,    Adams  Somerset  streets, 

and  Lafayette  streets.  Boudinot,  males  and  females,  Indiana  ave- 

Pastorius,    males   and    females.    Woodbine  nue  and  D  street, 

avenue  and  Sprague  street.  Hoffman,  males  and  females.  Fifty-fifth  and 

Joseph  E.  Hill,  colored,  males  and  females.  Vine  streets. 

Price  street,  Germantown.  J.  George,  males  and  females,    Sixty-third 

Coulter  Street,  colored,  males  and  females,  and  Hamilton  streets. 

Coulter  street,  Germantown.  Disston,  males  and  females,  Tacony. 

606 


Logan,  males,  Nineteenth  and  Reed  streets. 

James  Alcorn,  males  and  females,  Thirty- 
fonrth  and  Wharton  streets. 

James  Forten,  males.  Sixth  street,  above 
Lombard. 

Wharton  Sewing,  females.  Fifth  street,  be- 
low Washington  avenne. 

Mt.  Vernon  Sewing,  females,  Catharine 
street,  above  Third. 

Thaddeiis  Stevens  Sewing,  females.  Seven- 
teenth street,  above  Fairmount  avenue. 

John  Welsh  Sewing,  females.  Fourth  and 
Dauphin  streets. 

George  W.  Childs  Sewing,  females.  Seven- 
teenth and  Tasker  streets. 


Fairhill  Sewing,  females,  Marshall  and  Som- 
erset streets. 

L.  Mott  Sewing,  females.  Huntingdon  and 
Sepviva  streets. 

Manayunk  Sewing,  females,  Green  lane,  be- 
low Wood  street. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  past  term  there 
were  12,012  pupils  registered,  and  at  its  close 
24,549.  The  average  numl)er  belonging  dur- 
ing the  terin  was  15,936.  Of  the  number  of 
pupils  enrolled  at  the  close  of  the  term  there 
were  5.943  under  15  years  of  age;  11,875 
between  the  ages  of  15  and  21 ;  5,123  between 
the  ages  of  21  and  30;  1,197  between  the  ages 
of  30  and  40;  343  between  the  ages  of  40  and 


ZEPHANIAH  HOPPER. 

Landreth  Sewing,  females,  Twenty-third 
and  Federal  streets. 

Germantown  Sewing,  females,  Germantown. 

John  Moffet  Sewing,  females.  Second  and 
Oxford  streets. 

Rutledge  Sewing,  females.  Seventh  and 
Norris  streets. 

McClellan  Sewing,  females,  Thompson  and 
Neff  streets. 

Reynolds  Sewing,  females,  Tw'entieth  and 
Jefferson  streets. 

Stanton  Sewing,  females.  Seventeenth  and 
Christian  streets. 

H.  A.  Brown  Sewing,  females.  Sergeant 
street,  near  Emerald. 


MRS.  EMMA  EPLEY. 

50,  and  68  over  50  years  of  age.  The  average 
age  of  the  pupils  was  19  years.  No  less  than 
6,253  pupils  were  of  foreign  parentage. 

The  night-school  system  was  established  in 
1850,  under  an  Act  of  Legislature  approved 
March  12,  1842.  At  first  these  schools  were 
"for  the  instruction  of  male  adults"  only,  but 
within  a  few  years  the  doors  were  thrown 
open  to  both  sexes. 

The  growth  of  the  night  schools  during  the 
past  few  years  has  been  most  encouraging,  as 
seen  bv  the  following  figures: — 

Term  of  1886-7 — 51  schools;  total  regis- 
tration, 15,269. 


607 


Term  of  1 890-1 — 54  schools;  total  regis- 
tration, 16,541. 

Term  of  1896-7 — 79  schools;  total  registra- 
tion, 24,549. 

The  most  important  of  the  night  schools  is 
the  Artisans',  conducted  at  the  Central  High 
School.  It  was  organized  in  1869,  since 
which  time  over  12,000  pupils  have  been  en- 
rolled. The  success  of  the  school  is  lareely 
due  to  its  most  ef^cient  Principal,  Professor 
Zephaniah  Hopper,  well  known  as  the  senior 
professor  in  the  Central  High  School,  who 
has  been  connected  with  the  Artisans'  Night 
School  since  its  establishment,  having  been 
Principal  for  the  past  twenty  years. 

A  feature  of  the  night-school  system 
adopted  within  recent  years  consists  of  sew- 
ing schools,  in  which  plain  sewing,  dress- 
making and  millinery  are  taught.  The  author 
of  the  system  of  dress-making  in  use  is  one  of 


Philadelphia's  own  teachers,  Mrs.  Emma 
Epley,  who  is  Principal  of  the  Henry  Armitt 
Brown  Night  Sewing  School,  and  a  woman 
of  rare  ability.  So  simple,  and  yet  so  com- 
plete, is  this  system  that  pupils  who  cannot 
even  handle  a  needle  properly  when  they  enter 
these  schools  exhibit  well-made  gowns  at  the 
close  of  a  single  term,  made  entirely  by  their 
own  hands.  All  the  pupils  in  the  sewing 
schools  furnish  their  own  materials,  so  that 
the  articles  made  by  them  are  their  property 
when  the  work  is  completed. 

The  night  schools  are  operated  under  the 
direction  of  the  Committee  on  Night  Schools, 
of  the  Board  of  Public  Education,  of  which 
Alexander  Adaire  has  been  chairman  for  a 
number  of  years.  It  is  due  to  Mr.  Adaire  to 
say  that  it  is  largely  through  his  efforts  that 
the  night  schools  have  been  increased  in  num- 
ber and  improved  in  many  ways. 


608 


The  Public  Libraries 


No  more  important  work  was  ever  en- 
trusted to  the  Board  of  Public  Education 
than  the  estabHshment  and  control  of  free 
libraries  at  the  city's  expense.  It  was  a  task 
requiring  the  time  and  attention  of  able  men, 
and  the  public  libraries  to-day,  while  no 
longer  controlled  by  the  Board,  testify  largely 
in  their  efficiency  and  excellence  of  equipment 
to  the  faithful  efforts  of  the  Board's  Commit- 
tee on  Public  Libraries. 

At  the  close  of  1895,  in  his  final  report  as 
chairman  of  this  committee,  Henry  R. 
Edmunds,  member  of  the  Board  from  the 
Fifteenth  Section,  gave  a  sketch  of  the  incep- 
tion and  development  of  the  system  of  free 
libraries.     He  said: — 

'"The  first  communication  received  by  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  from  Councils  was 
on  the  ninth  day  of  February,  1892.  Councils 
had  made  an  appropriation  to  the  Board  of 
$15,000,  with  the  request  that  the  money  be 
used  to  establish  and  maintain  one  or  more 
free  libraries  in  this  city  for  the  use  of  its 
citizens,  it  being  suggested  that  localities 
should  be  selected  where  no  libraries  then 
existed.  A  Committee  on  Public  Libraries 
was  at  once  appointed,  but  considerable  time 
elapsed  before  the  committee  was  able  to  find 
a  suitable  building  in  which  to  locate  the  first 
branch.  The  committee,  however,  was 
finally  relieved  of  its  difficulty  by  the  offer  of 
the  Wagner  Institute,  which  permitted  the 
use  of  nearly  one-half  of  its  first  floor  on  such 
terms  as  your  committee  was  glad  to  be  able 
to  accept. 

"This  library,  being  Branch  No.  i,  was 
opened  for  public  use  on  the  fifteenth  day  of 


October,  A.  D.  1892,  with  4,941  volumes,  and 
was  immediately  successful.  Councils  having 
in  the  succeeding  years  continued  and  increas- 
ed its  appropriations,  your  committee,  in  re- 
sponse to  the  public  demand,  was  enabled  on 
the  tenth  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1893,  to  open 
Branch  No.  2,  at  the  northwest  corner  of 
Broad  and  Federal  streets,  with  4,220  volumes; 
Branch  No.  3,  on  Frankford  avenue  below 
Norris  street,  in  May,  1894,  with  7,412 
volumes;  Branch  No.  4,  at  Roxborough,  in 
March,  1894,  with  3,201  volumes;  Branch  No. 
5,  at  Fortieth  and  Ludlow  streets,  in  May, 
1895,  with  7,801  volumes,  and  Branch  No.  6, 
in  Germantown,  in  October,  1895,  with  3,460 
volumes. 

"Your  committee  found  it  necessary  in  the 
interest  of  economy  and  to  secure  uniformity, 
to  establish  a  Central  Bureau,  where  all  the 
books  could  be  catalogued,  prepared,  rebound 
and  recased  for  all  the  Branches.  This  Cen- 
tral Bureau  was  opened  June  i,  1894,  and  was 
placed  in  charge  of  Mr.  George  P.  Rupp,  to 
whose  judgment,  earnestness  and  zeal  your 
committee  deem  it  a  duty  to  testify.  Mr. 
Rupp  was  subsequently  made  Superintendent 
of  Libraries.  Since  the  opening  of  the  Cen- 
tral Bureau,  32,627  books  have  been  cata- 
logued there,  4,132  rebound,  and  2,176  re- 
cased. 

"There  are  at  present  at  Branch  No.  i, 
20,411  volumes  and  12,890  members;  at 
Branch  No.  2,  11,653  volumes  and  6,460 
members;  at  No.  3,  11,583  volumes  and  5,665 
members;  at  No.  4.  8,810  volumes  and  4,456 
members;  at  No.  5,  10,495  volumes  and  5,019 
members,  and  at  No.  6,  3,646  volumes  and 


609 


1,992  members;  6,750  volumes  are  still  wait- 
ing at  the  Central  Bureau  to  be  placed.  The 
circulation  for  November,  1895,  was  80,676. 
Your  committee  is  of  opinion  that  the  circula- 
tion of  these  six  libraries  may  be  safely  placed 
in  the  coming  year  at  one  million.  It  seems 
unnecessary  to  your  committee  to  add  any 
additional  argument  as  to  the  wisdom  of  the 
city  in  the  establishment  of  free  libraries,  or 
of  their  appreciation  by  the  public,  if  located, 
maintained  and  conducted  as  heretofore. 

''The  aggregrated  appropriation  by  the  city 
has  been  $1 15,000.  With  this  sum  your  com- 
mittee purchased  73,348  volumes,  has  estab- 
lished,   equipped    and    maintained    the    six 


Avery  D.  Harrington,  Samuel  B.  Huey, 
William  Mclntyre  and  Rudolph  S.  Walton. 

Top  much  cannot  be  said  in  praise  of  the 
work  performed  in  the  interests  of  the  li- 
braries by  Henry  R.  Edmunds,  who,  although 
a  very  busy  man,  gave  much  of  his  thought 
and  his  valuable  time  to  this  labor  of  love. 
He  purchased  the  major  portion  of  the 
volumes  in  the  libraries,  and  gave  to  the  en- 
tire system  and  to  each  branch  individually 
the  benefit  of  his  personal  supervision.  To 
him,  more  than  to  any  other  man,  is  due  the 
credit  for  the  splendid  beginning  of  the  free 
library  system. 

When  the  libraries  were  transferred  to  the 
new    Board    of    Trustees    thev    sustained    a 


HENRY  R.  EDMUNDS. 

branches  and  paid  the  wages  of  fifty-one  em- 
ployees, and  it  now  takes  leave  of  this  work, 
which  has  been  altogether  a  labor  of  love, 
with  the  sincere  hope  that  the  work  may  be 
successfully  continued." 

The  libraries  were  turned  over  to  a  newly 
formed  Board  of  Trustees  January  i,  1896, 
and  are  no  longer  controlled  by  the  Board  of 
Public  Education  in  any  particular. 

The  Committee  on  Public  Libraries,  in 
1895,  consisted  of  Henry  R.  Edmunds,  chair- 
man; Simon  Gratz,  Richardson  L.  Wright, 
Thomas  E.  Merchant,  Harvey  H.  Hubbert, 


GEORGE  P.  RUPP. 

marked  loss  in  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Rupp, 
the  "Superintendent  of  Libraries,  who  is  now 
librarian  at  Girard  College.  Mr.  Rupp  is  one 
of  the  most  efficient  librarians  in  the  profes- 
sion, being  a  man  of  experience  and  one  who 
thoroughly  understands  the  details  of  library 
work  and  management,  and  he  contributed 
in  no  small  degree  to  the  success  of  the  li- 
braries. Of  his  own  volition  he  gave  the 
librarians  under  his  control  the  benefit  of  his 
wide  knowledge  and  took  pains  to  personally 
instruct  them  in  their  work.  Under  few 
others  could  the  libraries  have  progressed  so 
satisfactorily,  and  under  none,  more  so. 


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statistics 


statistics 


NUMBER  OF  SCHOOLS, 
JANUARY  I,  1897. 

Central  High  School, i 

Philadelphia  Normal  School, i 

Girls'  High  School, i 

Manual  Training  Schools 2 

Elementary  Manual  Training  School,  .  i 

Industrial  Art  School i 

Cooking  Schools, 6 

Grammar  Schools 29 

Combined    Grammar,    Secondary    and 

Primary  Schools, 39 

Combined    Grammar    and    Secondary 

Schools, 3 

Combined      Grammar     and      Primary 

Schools, c^ 

Consolidated  Schools 33 

Secondary  Schools.   33 

Combined     Secondary     and     Primary 

Schools, 74 

Primary  Schools, 72 

Kindergartens, 122 

423 

Night  Schools, 79 

Total, 502 

Number  of  Schools  under  Supervising 

Principals, iii 

NUMBER  OF  TEACHERS  ON  ROLL, 
JANUARY  I,  1897. 

Central  High  School 39 

Philadelphia  Normal  School 48 

Girls'  High  School 78 

Central  Manual  Training  School,   ....  18 


Northeast  Manual  Training  School,  .  .  17 

Elementary  Manual  Training  School,  .  19 

Industrial  Art  School, 9 

Cooking  Schools 6 

Sewing  Teachers, 50 

Grammar,     Secondary,     Primary     and 

Consolidated  Schools, 2,801 

Kindergartens, 163 

Total  (males,  184;  females,  3,071),  3,25;^ 

Amount  expended  for  salaries 

of  Teachers, $2,248,863  03 

Average  of  salaries  paid  in  Higher 

Schools, $1,324  40 

Average  of  salaries  paid  in  Gram- 
mar, Secondary,  Primary,  Con- 
solidated Schools  and  Kinder- 
gartens,       699  00 

Number  of  qualified  substitutes, 523 


NUMBER  AND  PERCENTAGE  OF 

PUPILS 

Belonging  to  the    Several    Departments  of 

Public  Schools,  etc.,  January  i,  1897. 

Number.  Per  cent. 

Kindergartens, 6,225  .045 

Primary  Grades,   59-297  .428 

Secondary  Grades 38,497  .278 

Grammar  Grades, 29,742  .215 

High,  Normal  and  Manual 

Training  Schools, 4-774  -034 

Total,   138-535 

Boys,  49  per  cent.;  girls,  51  per  cent. 


61S 


SCHOOL  PROPERTY. 

Number  of  School  Biiilding^s  owned  by 
the  City,    226 

Number  of  Buildings  rented  for  School 
purposes,    81 

Valuation  of  School  Build- 
ings and  Lots  owned  by 
the  City, *$i  1,587,516  00 

Amount    paid    in    1896    for 

rentals  of  School  Buildings,  45»828  32 

Valuation  of  Lots  used  for 
School  purposes  (not  owned 
by  City), 364756  00 

*Based  upon  actual  cost  at  time  of  erection. 


STATISTICS 

Showing   the   Progress    of    the    Philadelphia 
Public  School  System  from  Its  Organiza- 
tion (1818)  to  the  Present  Time. 

1818. 

Number  of  Schools, 6 

Number  of  Teachers, 10 

Number  of  Pupils, 2,845 

Valuation  of  Real  Estate  and 

Furniture, $18,809  00 

Amount  of  School  Expenses,  .  23,049  00 

Cost  per  Pupil 3  57 

1838. 

Number  of  Schools, 167 

Number  of  Teachers 257 

Number  of  Pupils, 18,794 

Valuation  of  Real  Estate  and 

Furniture, $396,764  00 

Amount  of  School  Expenses,  188,741  00 

Cost  per  Pupil, 4  75 

1867. 

Number  of  Schools, 382 

Number  of  Teachers, 1*367 

Number  of  Pupils, 77>  164 

Valuation  of  Real  Estate  and 

Furniture, $2,355,322  00 

Amount  of  School  Expenses,  1.092,970  00 

Cost  per  Pupil, 15   16 


1892. 

Number  of  Schools 427 

Number  of  School  Buildings,  274 

Number  of  Teachers, 2,878 

Number  of  Pupils, 1 18,268 

Valuation  of  Real  Estate  and 

Furniture, $9,456,239  00 

Amount  of  School  Expenses,  3,222,886  56 

*Cost  per  Pupil, 22  75 

State  Appropriation 1,071.790  70 

1893. 

Number  of  Schools, 428 

Number  of  School  Buildings,  287 

Number  of  Teachers, 2,988 

Number  of  Pupils, 125,180 

Valuation  of  Real  Estate  and 

Furniture, $10,166,695  00 

Amount  of  School  Expenses,  3,461,183  05 

*Cost  per  Pupil, 23  61 

State  Appropriation, 950.924  10 

1894. 

Number  of  Schools, 417 

Number  of  School  Buildings,  289 

Number  of  Teachers, 3^095 

Number  of  Pupils, 127.637 

Valuation  of  Real  Estate  and 

Furniture, $1 1,273,573  00 

Amount  of  School  Expenses,  31563,497  31 

*Cost  per  Pupil, 24  14 

State  Appropriation 1,051,669  06 

1895. 

** Number  of  Schools, 425 

Number  of  School  Buildings,  302 

Number  of  Teachers, 3»i6i 

Number  of  Pupils, 132,052 

Valuation  of  Real  Estate  and 

Furniture, $1 1,512,933  00 

Amount  of  School  Expenses,  3.965,571    17 

*Cost  per  Pupil 23  42 

State  Appropriation 1,051,669  06 


6t6 


jSgC).                                        *Cost  per  Pupil 22  63 

**Number  of  Schools 423      State  Appropriation   1,051,669  06 

Number  of  School  Buildings,  307  *  Cost  per  pupil  (clay  schools)  based  upon 

Number  of  Teachers 3,255  annual    expenses,  excluding    permanent    im- 

Number  of  Pupils, 138,535  provements. 

Valuation  of  Real  Estate  and  **  Decrease  in  number  of  schools  caused  by 

Furniture, $1 1.587,516  00  combining  schools  in  same  building  under  one 

Amount  of  School  Expenses,  3,422,181   63  Principal. 


617 


Addenda 


On  March  i,  1897,  the  Board  of  Judges 
met  and  made  appointments  to  fill  the  three 
vacancies  then  existing  in  the  Board  of  Pub- 
lic Education.  Thomas  G.  Barrett  was 
appointed  to  succeed  Isaac  A.  Sheppard, 
resigned,  Sijiteenth  Section;  John  Oughton 
was  appointed  the  member  from  the  Twenty- 
eighth  Section,  this  seat  having  been  vacant 
since  the  Section  was  divided,  and  William 
Steele  was  appointed  to  succeed  the  late 
Charles  F.  Abbo!;,  Thirty-eighth  Section. 


Through  an  oversight  the  names  of  the 
following  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
of  the  Twentieth  Section  were  omitted  in  the 
chapter  on  the  schools  of  that  Section: 
Samuel  Disston,  James  S.  Hallowell,  Thomas 
Keating,  Dr.  William  Macintosh,  William  H. 
Morris  and  Thomas  Y.  Severn. 


On   March   8,    the   Northwestern   School, 
Tenth  Section,  was  partially  destroyed  by  fire. 


On  March  16,  Professor  George  Stuart,  of 
the  faculty  of  the  Central  High  School,  died. 


LIST  OF  PRESIDENTS 

Of  the  Board  of  Public  Education  from  its 
Organization,  in  1818,  to  1897. 

Robert  Vaux,  April,  18 18,  to  January  i, 
1830. 

Thomas  Dunlap,  January  i,  1830,  to  Jan- 
uary I,  1840. 


George  M.  Wharton,  January  i,  1840,  to 
January  i,  1841. 

Henry  Leech,  January  i,  1841,  to  January 
I,  1844. 

John  Miller,  January  i,  1844,  to  January  i, 

1847. 

George  M.  Wharton,  January  i,  1847,  to 
January  i,  1850. 

Daniel  S.  Beideman,  January  i,  1850,  to 
January  i,  1853. 

George  M.  Wharton,  January  i,  1853,  to 
January  i,  1854. 

Thomas  G.  Hollingsworth,  January  i, 
1854,  to  January  i,  1857. 

William  J.  Reed.  January  i.  1857,  to  Janu- 
ary I,  1859. 

Henry  Bumm,  January  i,  1859,  to  January 
I,  1861. 

Benjamin  M.  Dusenberry,  January  i,  1861, 
to  January  i,  1862. 

Leonard  R.  Fletcher,  January  i,  1862,  to 
January  i,  1864. 

Edward  Shippen,  January  i,  1864,  to  Janu- 
ary I,  1869. 

Daniel  Steinmetz,  January  i,  1869,  to  Jan- 
uary I,  1870. 

M.  Hall  Stanton,  January  i,  1870,  to  Jan- 
uary I,  1877. 

James  Long,  January  i,  1877,  to  January 
I,  1879. 

Edward  T.  Steel,  January  i,  1879,  to  Janu- 
ary I,  1889. 

Isaac  A.  Sheppard,  January  i,  1889,  to 
December,  1896. 

Simon  Gratz,  pro  tem.,  January,  189=;.  to 
January,  1897. 

Simon  Gratz,  January,  1897. 


LIST  OF  SECRETARIES 
From  1818  to  1897. 

Willie  Birnie,  1819. 
Thomas  M.  Petit,  1819. 
Daniel  B.  Smith,  1820. 
Thomas  M.  Petit,  1 821- 1833. 


Charles  Petit,  1833-1835. 
William  Piersol,  1835-1837. 
R.  Pemi  Smith,  1 837-1 841. 
Thomas  B.  Florence,  1 841 -1849. 
Robert  J.  Hemphill,  1849- 1863. 
James  D.  Campbell,  1863-1865. 
Henry  W.  Halliwell,  1865. 


619 


School  Directors 

New  Directors  elected  February  i6,  1897 


First  Section. — Enoch  D.  Park,  Edward 
Meredith. 

Second  Section. — John  C.  Mitchell,  John 
P.  Gallen. 

Fifth  Section. — Alfred  Cavagnaro,  Samuel 
Ray,  Morris  Busch,  Charles  W.  Naulty. 

Seventh  Section. — Henrietta  Bailey,  Louis 
Britton. 

Eighth  Section. — WilliLm  H.  Ramsey. 

Ninth  Section. — Miss  Dora  Keen. 

Tenth  Section. — Richard  T.  Browne. 

Eleventh  Section. — Thomas  J.  Erbe. 

Twelfth  Section. — Frederick  Halterman. 
John  Maxwell,  Emanuel  Falana. 

Thirteenth  Section. — Paul  Jagode,  James 
H.  Wolfe. 

Fourteenth  Section. — H.  H.  Ross,  Henry 
Fernberger. 

Fifteenth  Section. — John  F.  Harper,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Riley. 

Seventeenth  Section. — Franklin  P.  Dun- 
gan,  William  P.  Ruhl,  William  J.  Logan. 

Eighteenth  Section. — Thomas  Jarvis,  Wil- 
liam C.  Mohler,  James  Crookshank. 

Nineteenth  Section. — Thomas  C.  Benner, 
A.  George  Baker,  Henry  Agnew. 

Twentieth  Section. — Charles  Goldsmith. 

Tw^enty-first  Section. — William  Aucott. 
Dominick  Martin. 

Twenty-second  Section. — Horatio  N.  Eisen- 
brey,  William  J.  Patterson. 

Twentv-third  Section. — William  Veditz. 


Twenty-fourth  S  e  c  t  i  o  n. — Wesley  A. 
Looney,  Morris  H.  Ritter,  William  L. 
Smurth. 

Twenty-fifth  Section. — Richard  R.  Ander- 
son, George  L.  Anderson,  William  J.  Crosson, 

Twenty-sixth  Section. — Charles  A.  Gilling- 
ham,  George  W.  Steinbach,  Herman  Wil- 
laredt. 

Twenty-seventh  Section. —  William  W. 
Weaver. 

Twentv-eighth  Section. — Arthur  A.  Muth. 
Henry  Winter,  B.  F.  Severs,  William  H. 
In  man. 

Twenty-ninth  Section. — Annie  Bartram 
Hall,  William  F.  Berkenstock,  David  H. 
Stone,  George  W.  Davis. 

Thirtieth  Section. — John  W.  Cross,  Joseph 
A.  McHenry,  William  R.  King. 

Thirty-first  Section. — William  Kumpf,  Jr. 

Thirty-second  Section. — Julian  P.  Wright, 
Acheson  Manning. 

Thirty-third  Section. — William  S.  Jones, 
John  J.  Eberhardt. 

Thirty-fourth  Section. — Winfield  S.  But- 
land,  Jonas  Suplee. 

Thirty-fifth  S  e  c  t  i  o  n. — W'illiam  Maier, 
Henry  Brous. 

Thirty-sixth  Section. — Samuel  McRey- 
nolds,  William  J.  Beatty. 

Thirty-seventh  Section. — Thomas  Milli- 
gan,  Ormond  Rambo. 

Thirty-eighth  Section. — Archibald  Stirling, 
Sallie  Dobson,  Georgfe  W.  Worman,  John  W. 
Ranck,  Truman  Auge,  G.  W.  Zcieler. 


620 


special  riention 


:rW¥ 


wn 


I.  H.  WISLER  &  SON. 

Among  the  old  landmarks  of  Philadelphia 
is  the  establishment  of  I.  H.  Wisler  &  Son, 
223  and  225  North  Sixth  street,  famous  for 
the  manufacture  of  chairs  of  the  highest  grade. 
Since  1839.  through  times  of  business  pros- 
perity and  times  of  business  depression  alike, 
this  firm  has  remained  firmly  founded  on  the 
same  spot  where  their  warerooms  are  now- 
located,  and  through  honest  dealings  and  an 
adherence  to  the  principle  of  manufacturing 
and  selling  none  but  the  best  goods,  they  have 
won  a  most  enviable  reputation. 

The  business  was  established  in  1839  by 
Nathan  Wood.  He  was  succeeded  in  1854  by 
I.  H.  Wisler,  who,  by  persistent  effort  com- 
bined with  his  sound  integrity,  built  up  a  busi- 
ness second  to  none  in  that  line  of  manufac- 
ture. The  establishment  in  his  time  grew  to 
be  known  as  one  of  the  most  reliable  in  the 
city,  and  he  enjoyed  the  regard  of  everyone 
who  had  business  relations  with  him. 


In  1880  his  son,  Martin  I.  Wisler,  was  taken 
into  the  business,  and  the  firm  name  of  I.  H. 
Wisler  &  Son  was  adopted.  Under  this  name 
it  is  still  known,  although  its  senior  member 
died  in  1886,  and  Martin  I.  Wisler  is  now  the 
head  of  the  establishment.  Mr.  Wisler  is  well 
and  favorably  known  in  business  circles,  and 
enjoys  the  esteem  which  was  accorded  his 
father.  That  he  is  possessed  of  the  same  sterl- 
intr  qualities  which  brought  success  to  the 
latter  he  is  daily  demonstrating  by  his  wise 
and  sagacious  management  of  the  business,  to 
which  he  devotes  all  his  time  and  energy. 

The  business  of  I.  H.  Wisler  &  Son  is  con- 
ceded to  be  one  of  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the 
world.  Of  the  millions  of  people  using  chairs 
each  day,  but  few,  perhaps,  give  a  thought  to 
the  skill  with  which  they  are  modeled  and  put 
together.  But  when  it  comes  to  a  question  of 
comfort  or  discomfort,  then  all  are  very  much 
alive  to  the  merits  of  the  chairs,  and  the  com- 
parison between  the  comfortable,  luxurious 
depositories  for  tired  human  frames  to-day 
and  the  ugly,  straight-backed  chairs  of  a  cen- 
tury ago  is  so  great  as  to  occasion  a  smile  for 
the  simplicity  of  the  people  who  would  toler- 
ate such  an  invention  as  the  old  arm  chair 
appears  to  have  been. 

The  imitation  in  appearance  of  the  old-style 
chairs,  however,  is  now  a  popular  fad,  the 
difference  between  old  and  new  being  that  the 
imitation  is  vastly  more  comfortable  than  the 
old-time  model. 

The  firm  has  two  spacious  warerooms,  each 
36x100  feet,  in  which  they  show  over  one 
thousand  different  styles  of  chairs,  and,  in 
addition,  a  side  line  of  office  furniture.  Among 
the  most  remarkable  useful  articles  in  the  en- 
tire establishment  are  their  patent  extension 
tables,  which  are  self-adjusting,  and  have  done 
away  with  the  necessity  of  putting  in  and 
taking  out  leaves.  These  tables  mav  safely 
be  counted  among  the  greatest  inventions  of 
the  age  in  the  furniture  business. 


623 


REED'S  WORD  LESSONS,  A  COMPLETE  SPELLER 
REED'S  INTRODUCTORY  LANGUAGE  WORK 
REED  &  KELLOGG'S  GRADED  LESSONS  IN  ENGLISH 
REED  &  KELLOGG'S  HIGHER  LESSONS  IN  ENGLISH 

These  four  books,  offering  a  complete  and  consecutive  course  in  spelling,  language  lessons,  grammar  and 
composition  have  been  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Education  and  are  extensively  used  in  the  Philadelphia  schools. 

Maynard's  English  Classic  Series  affords  the  largest  variety  of  the  best  literature  for  supplementary  reading 
at  lowest  cost.  These  books  are  on  the  Philadelphia  supply  list  and  a  complete  descriptive  catalogue  of  them  will 
be  sent  on  application  to  the  publishers. 

Merrill's  Vertical  Penmanship  in  thirteen  numbers  is  the  easiest  to  teach,  the  easiest  to  learn,  and  excels  in  the 
simplicity  and  beauty  of  its  letter  forms.     The  books  have  recently  been  added  to  the  supply  list. 

Correspondence  regarding  the  use  of  the  above  books  will  be  highly  appreciated  by  the  publishers. 


MAYNARD,  MERRILL,  &  CO.,  PUBLISHERS,  43,  45  and  47  East  Tenth  Street,  New  York 


QcKool 
— '  Supplies 


HEADQUARTERS  FOR 

W.  &  A.  K.  Johnston's  Celebraied  Wall  Maps 
W.&A.K.  Johnston's  Superior  Globes 
Bock-Steger  Anatomical  Models 

■ix   ^   ii 

Natural  Slate  Blackboards 
Reversible  Slate  Blackboards 
Olcott's  Wool  Felt  Blackboard  Erasers 
Seaman's  Commercial  Paste 

•d    tr   i:: 

Superior  Drawing  Paper 
Blank  Drawing  Books 
Composition  Books  and  Note  Books 
THE  BEST  SCHOOL  INK 

i!   ^   ix 

Victoria  Window  Blinds  (unequaled  for  all  public  and 
private  buildings).    Write  for  prices. 

J.  M.  OLCorr 


Friemis'  Book 


70  Fifth  Avenue 


New  York  City  | 

624 


PHILADELPHIA 


Located  in  the  new  building  at  the 

Southwest  Gorner  15th  and  I^ace  ^ts. 

Was  incorporated  in  1874,  and  does  a 
general  business  as 

Publishers,    Booksellers,    Stationers,    Blank    Book 
Manufacturers,  Printers,  Engravers,  etc. 

Besides  being  a  depository  for  Friends'  Books  and  Friendly 
Literature,  a  leading  feature  of  the  business  is  Kindergarten 
and  School  Supplies.  At  the  close  of  the  Centennial  Exhibi- 
tion, in  1876,  we  purchased  the  Kindergarten  Stock  which  had 
been  there  on  exhibition,  opened  a  kindergarten  department,  and 
have  kept  pace  with  the  improvements  since.  We  are  the 
authorized  agents  and  headquarters  for  everything  in  the  line  of 
Kindergarten  Material,  Books  and  Furniture. 


0^ 


II  U  « 

lUl  13 II  a  13  u  ill 
^  iiB  I  iiiiiil 


AMERICAN  BOOK  COMPANY. 

This  institution,  whose  main  offices  and 
manufactory  are  represented  in  the  above 
ilkistration,  has  been  estabHshed  about  seven 
years.  It  acquired  In-  purchase  the  lea(Hng. 
best-known  and  most  su:cessful  school  books 
published  in  the  country,  and  thus  came  at 
once  into  prominence  as  the  largest  house  in 
its  line  in  America,  which,  of  course,  is  equi- 
valent to  saying  it  is  the  largest  in  the  world. 
While  steadily  maintaining  the  high  stand- 
ing of  the  publications  acquired,  it  has  also 
constantly  striven  to  ir.iprove  them  from  an 
educational,  as  well  as  a  mechanical,  point  of 
view.  But  earnest  as  its  efforts  have  been  in 
this  direction,  its  pubHcation  of  new  books 
has  been  even  more  notable. 

The  Company  maintains  its  supremacy  at 
the  head  of  the  school  book  publishing  busi- 
ness by  meeting  every  reasonable  educational 
demand.  New  books  in  all  departments  are 
constantly  added  to  its  list,  from  the  primer 
for  the  youngest  pupils  up  to  the  remarkable 
work  on  Latin  inscriptions  by  Professor  Es"- 
bert,  which  was  issued  a  few  months  ago,  and 
is  a  monument  of  learning  as  well  as  of  the 
publishers'  liberality  and  enterprise.  Indeed, 
the    attitude    of    the    Company    is    to    pub- 


lish a  new  book,  or  series  of 
books,  in  any  branch,  whenever  it 
can  be  shown  that  such  books  are 
an  improvement  over  existing 
texts.  By  the  pursuance  of  such 
a  policy,  as  well  as  by  the  employ- 
ment of  acompetent  editorial  corps 
to  improve  and  perfect  theirbooks 
already  in  the  market,  the  Ameri- 
can Book  Company  is  sure  to  re- 
main headquarters  for  everything 
that  is  best  in  school  text-books. 

To  insure  low  retail  prices  to 
the  actual  consumer,  the  Com- 
pany sends  its  publications  to  any 
address  in  the  United  States,  pre- 
])aid.  on  receipt  of  its  wholesale 
list  prices,  a  plan  in  which  it  is 
alone  among  publishers.  Thus 
those  unable  to  visit  the  New  York  office  may 
order  by  mail  with  the  perfect  assurance  that 
they  will  buy  as  cheaply  as  such  books  can  be 
sold  anywhere  in  the  Union. 

The  new  fire-proof  structure,  represented  in 
the  cut,  occupies  one  of  the  finest  business 
sites  in  New  York  City.  Handsome  and  mas- 
sive in  appearance,  it  was  constructed  strictly 
for  business  occupancy,  and  contains  what  is, 
possibly,  the  finest  plant  in  this  country  for 
the  manufacture  of  books.  The  printing 
presses  and  numerous  machines  used  in  the 
bindery  are  all  run  by  electricity,  which  is  gen- 
erated on  the  premises.  The  offices  of  the 
president,  vice-president,  secretary,  treasurer 
and  editorial  department  are  on  the  second 
floor;  and  the  counting-rooms,  salesrooms, 
agents,  correspondents  and  manager's  quar- 
ters are  on  the  ground  floor;  shipping  is  also 
done  from  the  street  level. 

Visitors  interested  in  educational  work,  in 
text-books  or  their  manufacture,  are  always 
cordially  welcome;  and  those  who  look  in 
upon  the  American  Book  Company,  at  loo 
Washington  Square,  New  York  City,  can 
hardly  fail  to  be  impressed  with  the  intelli- 
gence, earnestness  and  industry  that  charac- 
terizes the  establishment. 


6s5 


GINN  &  CO. 

The  house  of  Ginn  &  Co.,  the  well-known 
school-book  publishers,  has  for  many  years 
been  second  to  none  in  the  educational  value 
of  its  books,  and  in  the  short  space  of  a  little 
over  a  quarter  of  a  century  has  grown  to  be 
the  largest  single  school-book  house  in  Amer- 
ica. It  has  branch  ofifices  in  New  York,  Chi- 
cago, Columbus,  Atlanta,  Dallas  and  London. 

The  "Athenaeum  Press,"  is  a  large  five- 
story  building,  located  in  Cambridge,  Mass., 
devoted  exclusively  to  the  printing,  binding 
and  shipping  of  this  firm's  publications.  In 
this  model  building  may  be  seen  the  most  im- 
proved machinery  known  to  the  printing  and 
binding  business.  The  wonderful  and  costly 
machines  placed  on  every  floor  of  this  build- 
ing demonstrate  the  remarkable  ingenuity 
and  mechanical  skill  of  the  present  age.  The 
output  of  the  "Athenaeum  Press"  is  at  pres- 


ent  ten  thousand  volumes  per  day,  and  its 
capacity  is  for  double  that  number. 

It  has  been  the  aim  of  this  firm  to  make  a 
careful  study  of  the  problems  of  education 
and  to  spare  no  pains  to  secure  the  best  editor- 
ial talent  possible.  Its  list  now  includes  books 
by  the  leading  educational  men  all  over  the 
country,  and  in  almost  every  town  in  the 
United  States  some  of  Ginn  &  Company's 
publications  are  used. 

The  text-books  of  this  firm  rank  as  peers 
of  any  in  the  world.  The  Philadelphia  High 
Schools  use  extensively  its  publications,  and 
the  lower  schools  use  an  enormous  number  of 
them,  such  as  Frye's  Geographies,  Mont- 
gomery's Histories,  Blaisdell's  Physiologies, 
Classics  for  Children,  Stickney's  Readers,  Tar- 
bell's  Language  Lessons  and  many  others. 

The  Philadelphia  office  of  this  firm  is  at 
1229  Arch  street. 


BOOKS 


l^EW  RfiD  SECOflD  flRJiD 

College  Text  Books  of  every 
description ;  also  Law,  Medi- 
cal, Scientific  and  Theological 
Books.  Civil,Mechanical  Engi- 
neering. 

IvigVeY's  book  store 

39  North  Thirteenth  Street 


I  want  to  buy  all  books  I  can  find 
Highest  prices  paid 


WILLIAM  CHRISTY  &  SON, 

Contractors,  Carpenters  and  Builders, 

1709  Kater  Street,  Philadelphia. 

Residence,   1606  Wharton  Street. 

Since  1887  the  above  firm  has  been  actively 
and  extensively  identified  with  the  building 
business.  It  has,  during  this  time,  erected  a 
large  number  of  handsome  residences  and 
numerous  additions  to  public  school  houses. 
Having  given  special  attention  to  this  class 
of  work,  the  firm  is  well  qualified  for  meeting 
all  requirements,  and  to  carry  out  at  reason- 
able figures  all  contracts  entrusted  to  it. 

William  Christy,  the  senior  member  of  the 
firm,  served  a  regular  apprenticeship  to  the 
trade  and  has  continuously  devoted  his  entire 
time  to  the  vocation.  The  son,  William  A. 
Christy,  learned  the  trade  with  his  father,  so 
that  both  members  are  thoroughly  versed 
with  every  detail  of  the  business. 

Besides  building  all  classes  of  structures, 
the  firm  also  attends  to  repair  work  of  every 
description,  and  estimates  are  promptly 
furnished  whenever  requested. 

Both  members  of  the  firm  are  Philadel- 
phians  by  birth,  and  occupy  a  high  standing  in 
business  and  social  circles. 


626 


DAVID  R.  BURNS, 
739  North  Nineteenth  Street,  Philadelphia. 
Plumbing,    Gas    and    Steam    Fitting,    Hot- 
Water  Heating  and  Ventilating,  and  Gen- 
eral Contracting. 

To  the  plumbers  of  Philadelphia  belong 
the  credit  of  having  instituted  the  first  organ- 
ized movement  among  the  trade  toward 
applying  scientific  principles  to  the  methods 
of  drainage  and  ventilation,  and  naturally  the 
greatest  advancement  in  that  direction  has 
been  made  in  this  city.  The  credit  of  this 
belongs  to  such  enterprising  and  thorough- 
going members  of  the  craft  as  David  R. 
Burns,  who  has  always  made  it  a  study  to 
effect  improvements  wherever  possible.  En- 
gaged in  the  plumbing,  gas  and  steam-fitting, 
hot-water  heating  and  ventilating  business 
since  1882.  he  makes  specialties  of  the  latter 
two  branches;  he  also  does  a  general  con- 
tracting business,  covering  every  line  of  the 
vocation.  His  remarkable  success  is  due  to 
his  zealous  devotion  to  the  business  and  his 
invariable  fair  dealing.  As  facts  speak  louder 
than  words,  and  ability  is  best  proven  by  pre- 
senting indisputable  evidence,  we  make  men- 
tion of  some  of  the  many  important  contracts 
he  has  satisfactorily  fulfilled.  Among  these 
are  the  w'orks  of  the  Keystone  Watch  Case 
Co.,  The  People's  Theatre  and  Winter  Circus 
Building,  of  which  he  installed  the  entire  out- 
put; also  the  plant  of  the  Odd  Fellows'  Tem- 
ple and  that  of  Lit  Brothers'  building.  Mr. 
Burns  did  the  plumbing  work  of  the  Masonic 
Home  and  placed  the  steam  plant  in  the  Trin- 


ity Baptist  Church,  in  Camden,  N.  J.  The 
power  and  heating  equipment  of  the  Horn  & 
Brannan  Manufacturing  Go's  building,  the 
gas  fitting,  plumbing  and  radiating  apparatus 
in  the  Lulu  Temple  Hall,  the  heating  plant 
of  the  Trocadero  Theatre  are  also  specimens 
of  his  excellent  work.  Mr.  Burns  entirely 
refitted  the  residence  of  A.  H.  Moore,  171 1 
Spring  Garden  street,  and  installed  the  gas. 
water,  hydraulic,  steam  and  heating  plant  of 
the  Cloverdale  Stock  Farm  at  Colmar,  Pa., 
belonging  to  the  same  gentleman.  He  re- 
modeled the  mill  of  William  Wood  &  Co.,  and 
did  the  plumbing,  draining  and  gas  fitting  of 
the  mill  of  the  Bridesburg  Manufacturing  Co., 
W'hich  was  quite  a  large  contract.  He  has 
also  installed  complete  equipments  and 
refitted  a  number  of  school-houses  and  ele- 
gant private  residences  in  Philadelphia,  and 
at  Wayne,  Berwyn,  Delanco  and  Spring  Lake, 
N.  J.  He  has  just  completed  for  the  United 
States  Government  at  League  Island  a  fire 
service  and  water  plant,  also  equipped  the 
houses  with  hot-water  heating  appliances. 
One  of  his  recent  contracts  is  the  heating 
plant  of  the  Dalsimer  Building,  South  Penn 
Square.  Mr.  Burns  was  awarded  the  con- 
tract of  heating  and  ventilating  the  New 
Boys'  High  School,  amounting  to  over  $40,- 
000,  wdiich  work  is  now  in  progress. 

David  R.  Burns  was  born  at  Fall  River, 
Mass.,  September  t.j,  1852,  and  he  came  with 
his  parents  to  Philadelphia  in  i860,  who 
settled  in  the  section  then  known  as  the  Dis- 
trict of  Southwark.  Having  acquired  a  com- 
mon school  education,  he  entered  upon  an 
apprenticeship  of  five  years  at  the  plumbing 
and  gas-fitting  trade.  Previous  to  going  into 
business  on  his  own  account,  he  was  a  fore- 
man for  a  prominent  firm  for  eight  years,  dur- 
ing which  time  he  supervised  a  numl)er  of  very 
large  contracts.  The  wareroom  and  work- 
shop are  located  at  739  North  Nineteenth 
street,  wdiich  he  has  always  occupied,  and  are 
provided  with  every  facility  for  promptly  and 
efificiently  meeting  every  possible  requirement 
appertaining  to  all  lines  of  the  business. 

Mr.  Burns  w'as  recently  elected  a  director 
of  the  local  branch  of  the  Master  Plumbers' 
Association,  and  he  is  prominently  identified 
with  all  the  Masonic  bodies,  also  a  member  of 
Lulu  Temple,  Order  of  the  Mystic  Shrine. 


627 


WILLIAM  R.  BOSWELL. 


William  R.  Boswell.  the  artist,  has  obeyed 
the  command  of  the  poet,  "Look  in  thine  own 
heart  and  write."  and  distinguished  himself  by 
the  introduction  of  the  painting  of  maps  and 
grade-work  in  the  Philadelphia  nublic  schools, 
which  has  been    highly  commended    by  the 


teachers,  the  public,   and    endorsed    by   the 
Philadelphia  Board  of  Public  Education. 

It  is  a  new  feature  in  the  school-room, 
which  furnishes  the  most  correct,  simple  and 
attractive  method  of  cultivating  the  study, 
and  is  eminently  calculated  to  facilitate  the 
work  of  elementary  instruction. 

There  are  twelve  grades  of  work,  which 
have  been  carefully  arranged — map  studies, 
object  lessons  and  graphic  illustrations  of  the 
animal  and  plant  life  in  all  lands.  These  illus- 
trations are  accurate  and  striking.  The  draw- 
ing and  coloring  are  true,  and  are  designed  to 
excite  and  gratify  the  appetite  of  the  young 
for  the  knowledge  of  nature. 

The  interest  and  admiration  excited  by  it, 
and  the  advancement  and  general  good  that 
results  from  it,  demonstrate  the  extensive 
usefulness  and  perceptive  character  of  this 
work.  Schools  or  other  educational  institu- 
tions wishing  to  avail  themselves  of  this  pres- 
ent work  will  address 

WM.  R.  BOSWELL, 
1436  South  Broad  Street, 

Philadelphia.  Pa. 


®It^  Securittj  STrxist 


ISOO 


rso-S" 


INSURl 


IN 


mf^  Insurance  Co.  j 

i 

fl.  W.  Cop.  Tenth  and  Chestnut  Sts.        1 


United  Firemen's  Insurance  60. 


OFFICE,  419  WAIil^UT    STJ^EET 


Capital,  full  paid,  $350,000  t 

Issues  Policies  on  Insurable  Lives  I 


PHILADELPHIA 


#   »   9 


Receives  Deposits 


Capital,  full  paid     . 
Assets,  January  i,  1897 
Surplus  to  Policyholders 


$300,000 

1,426,021 

502,569 


3  PER  CENT.  ON  TIME  DEPOSITS  AND  SAVING 
FUND  ACCOUNTS 


"2  PER  CENT.  ON  DEMAND  CERTIFICATES  AND 
CHECKING  ACCOUNTS 


«    *    • 

ROBERT  B.  BEA'l'H,  President 

JOSEPH  L.  CAVEN,   Vice-Preiident 

DENNIS  J.  SWEENY,  Secretary 

%     %     % 


SAFE    DKPOSIX    VAULT 


ROBERT  E.  PATTISON,  President 


Henry  Bumm 
Wm.  M.  Singerly 
Alfred  Mooke 


628 


DIRECTORS 
Chas.  M.  Lukrns 

HOLSTEIN  DeHaVEN 

Henry  B.  Tkner 


George  B.  Bonnell 
William  Wood 
Jacob  E.  Ridgway 


ESTABLISHED  1850 


SHARPLESS  &  WATTS 

1522  Chestnut  Street 

1520,  1522  and  1527  Sansom  Street  and 

152 1  and  1523  Moravian  Street 


Interior  furnishings  for  fireplaces,  Tiles  and  Mosaics  for  ceilings,  walls,  floors  of  bath  rooms, 
halls,  vestibules,  kitchens,  pantries,  laundries,  etc. 

Artistic  Wrought  Iron  and  Brass  work — special  designs  furnished — Mantels  m^de  in  Wood, 
Stone,  Onyx,  Marble,  Slate,  Iron,  etc. 

We  have  practically  25  stores  in  one — 38,000  to  40,000  square  feet  of  floor  space  to  carry 
on  our  business,  and  competent  people  to  look  after  the  different  departments.  We  employ  the 
best  artisans  in  their  different  branches. 

Having  all  the  facilities  for  taking  the  roughest  work  and  finishing  it  without  leaving  the 
premises — fitting,  polishing,  plating — and  returning  work  on  the  same  day  when  necessary. 

We  take  pleasure  in  referring  you  to  a  few  places  where  our  work  can  be  seen : — 

Bethlehem  Presbyterian  Church,  Broad  and  Diamond  Streets— Pulpit  in  Mosaic,  Brass 
and  Onyx;  Baptismal  Font  in  Onyx,  Mosaic  and  Brass. 

New  City  Hall— Tile  and  Brass  Work. 

Bank  of  North  America— Marble  and  Bronze  Grilles. 

State  Library,  Harrisburg. 

Buildings  of  the  State,  War  and  Navy  Departments,  Washington. 

Provident  and  Guarantee  Trust  Co's  Building,  Chestnut  Street  Bank,  Drexel  Institute, 
Aldine  Hotel,  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Station,  Reading  Terminal  and  White  Star  Line 
Steamships,  as  well  as  the  Ferry  Boats  plying  between  New  York  and  New  Jersey, 
where  will  be  found  ample  evidence  of  what  we  can  do  in  Tile,  Mosaic,  Marble, 
Wrought  Iron  and  Brass. 

We  are  always  ready  and  pleased  to  carry  out  ideas  of  our  customers  in  any  of  the  branches 
of  our  business.     Our  catalogues  give  you  but  a  vague  idea  of  what  we  have  and  what  we  can  do. 
We  have  what  others  have  and  many  things  that  cannot  be  found  elsewhere. 

Respectfully, 

SHARPLESS  &  WATTS 


E.  H.   BUTLER  &  CO., 

Educational  Publishers. 

Philadelphia. 

Chicago.  Boston. 

Among  the  oldest,  best  known,  and  most 
popular  school-book  houses  in  America  is  that 
of  E.  H.  Butler  &  Co.  In  1887  it  celebrated 
its  semi-centennial — the  present  manager. 
Mr.  E.  H.  Butler  being  of  the  third  genera- 
tion of  the  publishers  of  this  name  who  began 
business  early  in  the  century. 

A  few  years  since  this  House  purchased  the 
list  of  Cowperthwait  &  Co.,  and  it  now  pub- 
lishes many  of  the  most  valuable  and  success- 
ful school  books  in  the  market.  These 
include,  among  others.  Butler's.  Warren's, 
and  Mitchell's  Geographies,  Monroe's  and 
Butler's  Series  of  Readers,  Monroe's  Spellers, 
the  New  American  Spellers  and  Arithmetics, 
the  Union  Series  of  Physiologies,  Butler's  and 


the  Business  Standard  Copy  Books.  Powell's 
Language  Series.  Bingham's  Latin  Text- 
books, etc..  etc..  together  with  a  full  line  of 
wall  maps,  charts,  and  other  modern  school 
appliances. 

E.  H.  Butler  &;  Co.  have  always  been  pro- 
gressive. Within  the  last  two  years  they  have 
added  to  their  already  extensive  list  of  ap- 
proved text-books  a  new  series  of  Readers 
(Hazen's)  in  five  books,  a  First  Year  Book  by 
the  same  author,  which  is  a  marvel  of  artistic 
color-printing,  a  series  of  Arithmetics  and  an 
Algebra  by  Dr.  George  W.  Hull  of  Millers- 
ville,  and  a  series  of  Vertical-writing  Copy- 
books (Vaile's).  These  books  have  met  with 
signal  success,  and  it  is  the  intention  of  this 
House  to  meet  in  an  equally  satisfactory  man- 
ner all  demands  for  new  text-books  neces- 
sitated by  the  continued  advance  in  educa- 
tional ideas. 


i-i'<i  I'l  •..•<  •'( 


I  I'  •  I  •  •  • 


Jijii|..|..|.i|«|"|<>|>,|<i|l.|   t..|.il..|J   •,.■   ■••!  ••<.■.•  .|ir|il|il|'l|l>|>||li|l||,||j||„|,||,||||i,|H|ir||||i||i||.i|,i|ii|   |l:|l<|l|li|il||||>l|ii|ii|>.|p|«..|.iri.|lj'i|i.|<i|   ■-■■.M   •   I   •• 


IF  YouwouhD  USE  ONLY  THE  BEST  \  The  Bolles' Sliding  and 

Revolving  Safety  Sash 


BARNES' 


NATIONAL 


III    III   IK 


A.  ^.  Baitne^  \  do. 

New  York  aMPMlaielpliia 


"  The  only  sash  which  can  be  reversed  for  cleaning  with 
a  single  movement.     Remains  open  at  any  angle  at 

which  it  is  placed,  and  is  absolutely  air-tight.     (Can  be  seen 
in  the  new  High  School  Building  ) 


I  RUFUS    E.   EGGLiESTOH 

'  SOLE   AGKNX 

I  675  and  576  MUTUALi  liipE  BUILDING 
^  N.  W.  Cor.  Tenth  and  Chestnut  Sts. 


MANUFACTORY  AT  | 

222  NORTH  KIKTH   STREET  I 

PHILADELPHIA  t  teLepHoNe  4080 

630 


PHILiRDBLtPHIA 


wrvi.    L.    nOLlER 


HENRY    D'OLIER,    JR. 


D'Olier  Electric  Company 


No.    129   South    Eleventh   Street 


PHILADELPHIA 


Complete  InstHllations  of  Light  and  Power  Plants 


lii  Hi  IK  III 


PLANS                                                                                 ^^  CONTRACTORS  FOR 

SPECIFICATIONS                  ^^  Philadelphia  Boys'  High  School 

SUPERVISION   3E  Central  Manual  Training  School 

631 


David  R.  Burns 


mw%  un 


M^oMmg 


Plans,    Specifications    and    Propositions 

Furnished  for  Heating  and  Ventilating  Office  Buildings,  Apartment 
Houses,  Hotels,  Churches,  D\A^ellings,  etc. 


PHILADELPHIA,    PA. 


I  eadiRg  ir'hotograpKers 


THIB 


;E.  \  i|i'l!nian-Ti'eicMei'  do. 


WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 


1030    @h|e«tnut   Bt.  ; 


t  F^\jgs,yM.ats,  Sl^iadiiicj 


3{jgK=cla£s   work  al  popular 
prices.     Special  rales  to  stu* 

dents  and  teachers  for  cabinets. 


713    IVTARKET  STRKET 
PHILADELPHIA 


HI_SO     KGENTS     I=OR    THE 


groups  and  other  photographs  [  Oenapon,  l^elianee  and  Falcon  Bicycles. 


632 


^(.damant  VV)^^^  plaster. 


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633 


Founded  1880 


Incorporated  1884 


Mount  Vernon  Institute  of  Elocution  and  Languages 

1336   SPRINO   GARDEN    STREET 
PHILADELPHIA.    F>A. 

djW  KJ/^\a#  P-lIJtT^tW^  ^^^  demands  of  the  School  requiring  more  commodious  quarters, 
WW"  l^y^  Tf  fW""  I  lU  I  rj^  ^^^  building  at  1336  Spring  Garden  Street  has  been  torn  down  and 
reconstructed  in  such  a  manner  that  our  fticilities  are  greatly  enlarged,  and  our  work  can  be  performed  in  a 
much  more  systematic  and  satisfactory  way.  On  the  basement  floor  is  a  banquet  room,  and  a  large  hall, 
kitchen  and  dressing  rooms;  on  the  first  floor  an  auditorium,  with  thoroughly  equipped  stage,  and  a  seating 
capacity  of  one  thousand  ;  on  the  second  floor,  school  rooms,  office,  library  and  smaller  auditorium  ;  on 
the  third  and  fourth  floors  a  gymnasium,  running  track  and  school  rooms.  An  electric  elevator  runs  to  all 
floors,  and  the  building  is  lighted  by  electricity  and  gas. 

DIRECTORS 

JOHN  BARDSLEY  JAMES  MILLIGAX 

F^ACULTY 


ADOLPH  W.  MILLER,  M.  D. 


JOSEPH  B.  WILLITS 


FRANCES  E.  PEIRCE 


FRANCES  E.  PEIRCE,  Principal 

Theory  and  Practice  of  Elocution,  Dramatic 

Action,  English,  Vocal  Technique, 

Book-keeping  and  Spanish 

JOSEPH  B.  WILLITS,  D.  O. 

Oratory ,  Extempore  Speech,  History  and 

Lectures 

Rev.  THEOPHILUS  p.  PRICE 

Greek  and  Assistant  in  Oratory 

MARGARET  A.  MAISCH,  B.  O. 

Physical  Culture  and  Assistant  in  Elocution  and 

Germa  n 

ELIZABETH  HAYWARD 

Assistiint  in  Dramatic  Action 

JOHN  H.  BECHTEL 
Orthoepy  and  Sound  Analysis 


ANNA  J.  PHILSON 

General  Literature 

HERBERT  T.  GRANTHAM 

ASSO.  M.  AMER.  SOC.  C.  K. 

Structural  Engineering  and  Mechanical 

Drawing 

SAMUEL  C.  WELLS 

Penmanship 

M'LLE  ZIMERLE 

French 

OSCAR  SCHLIEF 

German 

HETTIE  E.  WILLITS 

Latin 

H.  J.  CHAPMAN,  M.  D. 

Scientific  Branches 


MABEL  H.  BARDSLEY,  B.  E. 

Piano,  Grnminar  and  Rhetoric,  and  Assistant  in 

Book-keeping 

EMMA  GOLZE 
Singing 

H.  S.  GREIMS 

Violin 

SHEPPARD  K.  KOLLOCK 

Vocal  Culture  and  Harmony 

PAUL  END 

Banjo 

ANNE  BALDERSTON 

China  Painting,  Drawing  anct  Modeling 

W.  WARD  BEAM 

Physical  Culture  and  Director  of  Gymncisiuiii 


Ernest  H.  Sturts 


1 


ANDREW     R.     POULiSOH 

T^in  and  gheet  Ipon 


2525  and  2527  Ridge  Avenue 

PHILADELPHIA,   PA. 


Alterations  and  Jobbing  of  every  Description 


SCHOOL  AND  CHURCH  FURNITURE 


WofI^' 


er 


Heaters,  Ranqes,  5toyes,  Etc. 

MADE  AND  REPAIRED 

Tinware  and  House  Furnishing  Goods 
)  N.  W.  Cop.  15th  and   Wharton  Sts. 

PHILADELPHIA 


ALL  JOBBING  PROMPTLY  ATTENDED  TO 


63* 


The  Pancoast  Ventilator 


COMPLETE  VIEW 


Absolutely  Storm  Proof 

with   no   Back   Draft 

HANDSOME 

EFFECTIVE        dn 
DURABLE 


BROKEN  VIEW 


SHOWING  EDGEWISE  BRACES 


Endorsed  bij  prominent;  Ar^cfiitecl;? 

The  smaller  sizes  are  made  of  the  best  Black  Metal,  and  then  galvanized,  thus  leav- 
raw  or  unprotected  edges  to  rust,  and  making  a  better  and  more  durable  job  than 
if  made  up  from  Galvanized  Iron. 


mo-  no 


NO  SCHOOL=HOUSE,  CHURCH  OR  PUBLIC  BUILDING  IS  COMPLETE 

WITHOUT  THEM 

GOOD  VENTILATION  MEANS  GOOD  HEALTH 


You  can  buy  Ventilators  that  are  cheaper  than  the  PANCOAST,  but 

none  that  are  worth  as  much. 


FREE  CONSULTATION  IN  REGARD  TO  VENTILATION  AND 
REMOVAL  OF  SMOKE,  FUMES,  ETC. 


OUR  VENTILATORS  ARE  GUARANTEED  OR  MONEY  REFUNDED 

ALWAYS  SEE  THAT  YOU  GET  THE 

PAWeOAST  VEWTILATOR 

AND    TAKE    NO    OTHER 

Our  Window  Ventilator,  for  schools,  offices,  residences,  chimney  cap 

etc.,  now  being  put  on  the  market,  is  conceded  to  be  the  best  yet 
introduced.     The  price  at  which  they  are  being  sold  is  very  low. 

COHt^ESPONDEJsiCE  SOLiICITED 

The  PflNcofl5T  Ventilator  Q2.,r\/iNgFflCTURER5 

Offices,  316  Philadelphia  Bourse,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  {-= 


635 


GEORGE  W.  STEWART 

Gontraetor,    Qarpenter   and    guilder 

230    DIAMOND    STREET 

TELEPHONE  CONNECTION  PHILADELPHIA 


George  W.  Stewart  succeeded  to  the  business  established  in  1857  by  Messrs. 
Eldridge  &  Stewart.  Has  built  several  buildings  for  the  city,  and  has  had  contracts 
from  the  Board  of  Public  Education  for  the  completion  of  the  High  School  Annex, 
and  the  School  Fifteenth  and  Norris  Streets. 

Has  also  erected  buildings  for  John  Bromley  &  Sons,  Thos.  Devlin  &  Co., 
Laird,  Schober  &  Mitchell,  North  Bros.  Mfg.  Co ,  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  No.  5,  G.  A.  R., 
Hoyle,  Harrison  &  Kaye,  Wm.  H.  Lorimer's  Sons  &  Co.,  Lutheran  Church  of  the 
Advent,  Sharpless  Bros..  Trinity  Presbyterian  Church.  Wm.  G.  Warden,  New  Tabernacle 
Baptist  Church. 

penn^ijlvania  (Ja^  Fixture  do.  I        P1CTCLE5 


MANUPACTURF.KS  OF 


Gas  and  Electric  Fixtures 


Office    and    Factory,  1824-26  JVIanor  St. 


(Between  4th  and  sth  Sts.,  Montgomery  Ave.  and  Berks  St.) 


K  High-grade  Wheels  at  popular  prices.       Come 
J  and  see  our  Wheels  before  purchasing. 


CLIFTON  AND 

S.&S.  FLYER 


a       Buy  direct  from  the    manufacturer  and   save 
PHILADELPHIA  t  ^^^  dealer's  profit.      We  have  no  agents.      We 

I  sell  our  Wheels  direct  and  give  our  patrons  the 

§  discountthatother  manufacturers  give  the  dealers 

5  by  making  a  low  price  for  a  first-class  Wheel. 


Hospitals,   Sehools,   ©ollQges,    Piibli©  | 
JBuildings  arjd  F^Gsidonoes   fuprjished 
at  posl^-bottorrj  rpaqufaetupops' ppiees. 


FIRST-GLASS  WORKJVIANSHIP 


SGHRAGK  &  SHERWOOD 

233    AND    235    MARKET   ST. 

PHILADELPHIA 


SPEC/AL  DESIGNS  FURNISHED  A7  REQUEST      \  IWanafaetarers  of  High-grade  Bieyeles 


636 


THE  TEACHER 


Is  the  only  journal  published  in  Philadelphia  in  the  interests  of  public  school  education 
exclusively. 


Ill     III     III     III 

IT  APPEALS 

To  teachers  in  a  special  way,  because  the  articles  are  written  by  practical  educational 
experts,  and  it  advocates  the  interests  of  teachers  in  a  fearless  and  impartial  manner. 

Ill     III     III     III 

IT  INTERESTS 

Parents  and  the  friends  of  education  generally,  because  it  keeps  its  readers  in  touch 
with  educational  progress. 

Ill     III     III     III 

It  is  able,  dignified  and  handsomely  printed. 

'*Tlie   Teacher"    should  be  read  by  every  School  Director, 
Teacher  and  Parent. 

"The  Teacher"  is  published  every  month   (except  July  and  August)   under  the 
editorial  direction  of  ^iyii:  lEttxtct^tJon^tl  (^Ivikt  ot  pi^iUaStjeX^^il^m* 

III     III     111     III 
SUBSCJ^lPTIOr^S,  OfJE  DOlJliflR  PBH  VEfll^ 

III      III      III      III 

Address  all   correspondence  relating  to  subscriptions  and  advertising   to  the 
Publishers, 

CASTLE  &  HEILMAN 

27  N,  Second  St.,  Pbiladelpbiii 

637 


SAMUEL  GOURLEY,  JR., 

Contractor  and  Builder. 

2IOO  Ridge  Avenue,  Philadelphia. 

The  connection  of  Samuel  Gourley,  Jr., 
with  the  business  in  which  he  is  extensively 
engaged  dates  from  boyhood.  He  therefore 
cannot  fail  to  have  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
every  detail  of  the  building  art.  In  1861,  his 
father,  Samuel  Gourley,  commenced  on  his 
own  account  as  a  carpenter  and  builder,  on 
Warnock  street,  above  Girard  avenue.  In 
1870  his  father's  efforts  had  met  with  such 
remarkable    success    that    he    purchased    the 


property  at  Twenty-first  street  and  Ridge 
avenue,  and  incorporated  the  manufacture  of 
mill  work  with  his  other  operations.  Owing 
to  the  steady  increase  in  the  volume  of  busi- 
ness, the  factory  was  subsequently  consider- 
ably enlarged.  The  son,  who  has  been  actively 
identified  with  the  business  from  youth,  was 
admitted  to  co-partnership  in  1889.  Two 
years  later  the  firm  was  dissolved,  Samuel 
Gourley,  Jr.,  since  engaging  exclusively  in 
contracting  and  building,  and  the  father  con- 
tinuing the  mill  business;  both  branches 
being,  however,  conducted  in  concert  at  the 
same  location. 


L.O.  HOWELL  JR.j  JOHN  •  McCARRON 

plumber 


©a^  and  (i)te0im  "pitter 


i 


('f^t^^ 


g  []  □  □]  3  [3  i  i  iiiiiii""*!'°'-J'^J^' 


Houfeos  HQatod  by  StQain  ar^d 
Hot  WatQp 

2013  Columbia   Ave. 


Telephone  Connection 


VHILADErPHIA 


House  and  Sign  Painter  and  Glazier 
Frescoing,  etc. 

jSfo.   1111    (Shjpistian    Stroot 
Philadelphia 


638 


EDUCATION   AND    EXPERIENCE 

HKS      PRODUCED      THE 


Acknowledged 
to  be 

The    NEATEST 
Most  COMFORTABLt 
Most  TENACIOUS 


,    BORSCh 


At  EN 


Eyeglass  made 

PtJESGHlPTION 


Do  not  wear  ill-adjusted 

\  Spectacles  or 

Eyeglasses 

Consult  us 


uiopk  in  alt  its 
bpanehes  oup 


SPECmii  STUDY 


J.  L.  BOR5Cn  6^  C2. 

1324  W/ILNMT  5T. 


AMERICA'S     NATIONAL    SONGS 

COUUIVlBIAfl   EDITION,   PRICE   lO  CEflTS 

USED   IN   MOST  SCHOOLS  THROUGHOUT  THE  UNITED  STATES 
CONTENTS :—"  The  Star  Spang!ed  Banner,"  "Hail  Columbia,"  "The    Red,  White  ajid    Blue,"  "Guard  the  Flag," 


jia,  my  Country,"  "  America  "  (with  the  old  and  new  music),  "  God  Bless  our  Land,"  "  The  Stars  and  Stripes  Forever," 
I  of  Liberty,"  "  Yankee  Doodle."     Also  the  Arbor-day  Songs,  "  Beautiful  Trees  of  the  Wayside,"  "  Joy  for  the  Sturdy 


"  Columbi 
"  A  Song 
Trees,"  and  a  treatise  on  "  The  American  Flag"  and  "  Flag  Day." 

Adopted  by  the  Board  of  Public  Education  of  Philadelphia,  and  is  placed  upon  the  list  of  text-books  for  use  in  the 
schools. 

SAMPLE  COPY  BY  MAIL  FOR  5  CENTS,  WITH  PRICES  IN  QUANTITIES 

PARKVIEW  PUBLISHING  CO. 

3941  MARKET  ST.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


S.  B.  BENAR 

Sole  Agent 
For  Philadelphia  and  Vicinity  for 


1,000,000  ill  use 


Prescott  Sliding  Door  Hangers,  "Cross' 
Improved  Counter  Balance  Door  for  Elevator 
Shafts,  "G,  &  B."  System  of  Fire  Proofing 

Wire  Lathing,  Oliver  Wagon  Jacks,  New  York  ^^   ^     «  r'ti  Ckl  TU    O  T 

Safety  Dumb  Waiter,  Norton  Door  Check  '^Z  /V.  OL  V LN  I  h   O  /  . 

and  Spring,  the  "Lape"  Pneumatic  Doer  PHILADELPHIA 

Check  and  Spring,  the  Larimer  Door  Spring,  HARDWARE  SPECIALTIES  OF 

Banard  Door  Holder,  Clark  Door  Holder.  fii_i_  KH^QS 


SmVER,   BURDETT  &  CO|VIPRMY 

PUBLISHERS 

Approved  Text-Books   Embodying   Progressive   Educational   Methods 


BOSTON 
110-112  Boylston  St. 


NEW  YORK 

31  H.  17th  St. 


CHICAGO 
262-264  Wabash  Ave. 


PHILADELPHIA 
1328  APeh  St. 


H.    NI.   TRASK.    Pennsylvania    IVIanager 

639 


J.  IW.  SHAPPELL 


jM.  McMANUS 


hou^e  and 
J)ainl:in^   •: 


•n  f 


« 


©oqtPQetop 

ind  IBllild-QP 


1513  NORTH    2lsl  STREET 


J  No    414:  WOOD    STRKET 


PHILADELPHIA 


PHILADELPHIA 


D  D  n  a 


Ordeps  promptly  attended  to 

Estimates  eheepfully  fapnished 


l^eeidense 


T  JSTo.  1416  Tioga  Street 


HENRY  R 

PRACTICA 


.  ROBERTS    I  RnicWockei'LimeGo. 

:tical  !    ^         ^  *^ 


Slate,  Metal,  Tile  and  Composition  ■ 

ROOFER 

DEALER  IN 


l^oofing  Slate,  Slaek-boaPds,  ]VIaPbleized  I 

slate  JVIantels  and  evepything  I 

in  the  Slate  Liine  i 

I 

Office,   2025   North    Carlisle  Street  I 


OFFICE 

366    North    24th    Street 

PHILADELPHIA 


KEST  QUALITY  OF 


WOOD-BURNT  LIME 


ALWAYS  ON  HAND 


PHILADELPHIA 


BRANCH     YARD 


t  American    and    Daxaphin    Sts- 


HEATER   AND  RANGE   JOBBIJMO 

GAliVflNIZED   IRON   AND 

COPPER  CORNICES 


t 

I 
640 


WM.  B.  IRVINE 
ANDREW  CARTY 

Proprietors 


l.llflg™*?'''?  ■ 


LEPHONE   CONNCCTTON 


ifractor  • 


i" 


^•OFFICE-  NO-IO -NORTH  ELEVENTH  ST- ^ 


7rrr/a€////uar 


THE  FOLLOWING  IS  A  PARTIAL  LIST  OF 
PROMINENT  OPERATIONS 


The  buildings  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Terminal  R.  R.  Co.,  which  include  the  Stations  at  Twelfth 
and  Market  Streets,  Express  Offices,  Market  and  Train  Shed,  running  from  Market  Street  to  Arch  Street;  also, 
the  Power  House  from  Arch  Street  to  Cherry  Street,  and  Engine  Houses  and  Machine  Shops  extending  from 
Wallace  Street  to  P'airmount  Avenue. 

School-Houses.— Cambria  School,  13th  and  Cambria  Streets,  37ih  Section — see  page  565;  Brides- 
burg  School,  Richmond  and  Jenks  Streets,  25th  Section  ;  Landreth  School,  23d  and  Federal  Streets,  36th  Section 
— see  page  555;  Glenwood  School,  30th  and  Hermann  Streets,  28th  Section — see  page  459;  and  Levering  School, 
Ridge  Avenue  and  Martin  Street,  Roxborough,  21st  Section — see  pages  371  and  375. 

Institutions. — Drexel  Institute,  32d  and  Chestnut  Streets;  Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution  at  Mt.  Airy, 
including  the  Primary,  Intermediate  and  Advanced  Departments,  and  the  Power  House  in  connection  thereto; 
Pennsylvania  Working  Home  for  Blind  Men,  at  36ih  Street  and  Lancaster  Avenue;  American  Philosophical 
Society's  Building,  104  South  5th  Street. 

Banks. — Northwestern  National  Bank,  Commonwealth  Trust  Co  ,  Trust  Co.  of  North  America. 

factories. — The  entire  plant  of  the  25th  Ward  Gas  Works,  The  Philadelphia  Rubber  Works,  Caleb 
J.  Milnes'  Factory,  loth  to  iith  Street,  on  Washington  Avenue;  Brown  &  Bailey's,  Franklin  and  Willow  Streets; 
Buck's  Sons  &  Co.,  8th  and  Willow  Streets. 

Breweries. — Entire  plant  of  Rob't  Smith  Brewing  Co.,  large  Stable  for  J.  &  P.  Baltz  Brewing  Co. 

Prisons. — New  County  Prison  at  Holmesburg  Junction. 

Power  Houses  and  Car  Barns. — ^The  entire  plants,  all  the  Power  Houses,  Car  Barns  and 
Workshops  for  the  People's  Traction  Co.,  Electric  Traction  Co.,  Hestonville,  M.  &  F.  Pass.  R.  W.  Co.,  Union 
Traction  Co.,  and  Power  House  and  Car  Barn  for  the  Fairmount  Park  Transportation  Co.,  at  Belmont,  in 
Fairmount  Park. 

Store  and,  Office  Buildings. — Dobson  Building,  1007-09-11  Market  Street;  Pennsylvania 
Heat,  Light  and  Power  Co's  Building,  N.  E.  Cor.  loth  and  Sansom  Streets  ;  Bell  Telephone  Co's  Building,  N.  E. 
Cor.  nth  and  Filbert  Streets. 

Hotels. — Hotel  Imperial,  N.  W.  Cor.  nth  and  Filbert  Streets;  Hotel  Aberdeen,  Broad  Street  above 
Filbert, 

And  Stores,  Dwelling's,  etc.,  in  the  City  and  Suburbs,  too  numerous  to  mention 


f^^       Whiting  paper'  Gompanij 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Writing  Papers  of  E^ery  Variety 


18  South  Sixth  Street 


PHILADELPHIA 


MILLS  AT  HOLTOKE,  MASS. 
A.  J.  BRIGGS 

True  econoniv,  in  the  long  run,  lies  in  quality,  not  in  cheapness.  This  applies  to  papers  just  as  forcibly 
as  it  does  to  anything  else. 

Paper  consumed,  particularly  in  private  and  business  correspondence,  card,  pamphlet  or  circular,  that 
can  be  depended  on  gives  the  most  satisfaction  to  use,  and  makes  the  best  impression  on  others.  The  quality 
of  paper  used  is,  to  a  degree,  held  by  the  public  as  a  test  of  the  person  or  firm  from  whom  it  comes. 

The  Whiting  Paper  Co.  has  attained  the  highest  reputation  as  paper  manufacturers  ;  its  name  is  a  guaran- 
tee of  excellence;  it  uses  only  the  best  materials  in  ail  three  of  its  mills,  and  its  product  is  the  largest  in 
the  world  of  high-grade  papers,  being  thirty  tons  daily  Whiting  paper  is  used  by  the  United  States 
Government,  the  leading  railroads,  banks,  insurance  companies,  public  schools  and  mercantile  houses  every- 
where. Write  Mr.  A.  J.  Biiggs,  manager  of  the  P.iiladelphia  warehouse,  i8  South  Sixth  Street,  for  a  copy 
of  a  little  booklet,  "  Weddine  Etiquette." 


Bool^s  for  Pennsylvania 

gcliiocls 

BOOK-KEEPING 

Uroobeck's 

blanks 

ELOCUTION   AND   READING 

Dr.  Brooks'  Manual  of 
CHARTS 

Mills'  Physiological  and  Key 

GEOGRAPHY 

Hoi  ston's  New  Physical  (Revised  Ed.) 
GRAMMAR 

Gideon's  Exercises  in  English 
"        Les  ons  in  Language 
Han's  Analysis 
"        Elementary 
"        Langu.Tge  Lessons 

CIVIL  GOVERNMENT 

Thorpe's  Government  of  the  People  of  the 

U.S. 
Thorpe's  Government  ot  the  U.  S  and  Civil 

Government  of  Pennsylvania  (in  i  vol.) 

NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY 

Houston's  Elements  (a  new  revision  almost 
ready) 

PHYSIOLOGY 

Mills' 

LITERATURE 

Smyth's  American 

COMPOSITION  AND  RHETORIC 

Hart's 

For  information  in  regard  to  lhe^e  Looks  please  write  to 

ELDRKDGE  &   BRO. 

Edueatlonal   Publiehers 
17  Morth  Seveiitit  St.  Ptilladelplila,  Pa. 


JOHN  E.  PHILLIPS 


JOSEPH  B.  MOON 


PHILLIPS  &  MOON 

JV^erebant  Trailers 

1205   CHESTNUT  STREET 

PHILADELPHIA 

SUCCESSORS  TO 

JOHN      B.     TWrORLEV     St     CO. 

Formerly  S.   E.  Cor.   8th  and  Chestnut  Sts. 


HIGH-GRADE     WORK 


AT    NlODERAXf!:    PRICES 


6^2 


The  following  56  Philadelphia  Public  Schools  use  our  apparatus,  wholly  or  in  part,  for 

HEATING    AND    VENTlliRTiNG 


Th^new  Boys'  High 
old  Boys'  Higli 
Ph  Udelphia  Normal 
Girls'  High 
School  of  Praclic  : 
Alice  Lippincott 
Gus.  A.  Benson 
Levering 
Joseph  Singerly 
Central  Manual  Training 
N.  E.  Manual  Training 
Geo.  G.  Meade 
Ino.  F.  Hartranft 
Wm.  D.  Kelley 


The  Henry  VV.  Halliwell 

"  Bii'le^burg 

"  Wharton 

•'  Geo.  VV.  Chiids 

"  Mount  Vernon 

•■  Wm.  H.  Hunter 

"  Win.  Adanisun 

■•  Wm.  Welsh 
Asa  Packer 

"  Keystone 

•  Wm.  M.Merdith 

"  Jas.  L.  Claghorn 

■•  Chest' r  .A.  Arthur 

"  rii;iHdeus  Stevens 


The  Park  Avenue 

"  James  Logan 

"  John  Welsh 

"  Landreth 

"  Cilenwood 

"  James  Khoads 

' '  Morris 

"  White  Hall 

"  Manayunk  Grammar 

"  Henry  Armitt  Brown 

"  N.  J.  Hoffman 

"  Fair  Hill 

"  Wm    F    Miller 

"  Fail  view 


th:oivipson^   bros. 


;  James  Martin 
Thomas  Potter 
Bayard  Taylor 
Germ  intown  Grammar 
A.  D.  Biche 
James  P.  Baugh 
Henry  Disston 
Morton  McMichael 
Alexander  Henry 
M.  Hall  Stanton 
Cambria 

Francis  D.  Pastorius 
Joseph  Leidy 
Delaplaine  McDaniel 


ISCINEERS.     7W^KN\JF=KCTURE  RS     KND     C  O  IS  T  R  75CTO  R  S 


••i'llili<l<l|lllul"l»IM<  ■"■  '( 


l'.rj..|..|>r|„|>.|,i|.|..|.i|.  ■ii|Mu|<>»i|«|i>|ri|i|li|ii|u|ll|ll|il|»|ll|li|il|iil  l>i|ll|ll|ll|ll|ll|l,|r||ll|lllli|.l|ll|lllllllllllllllll|llllllllllll'  IrliilljMlllliililli'llili.lnl.'l.il.il  I 'li'loMliilllMlul'illll"!  I|(I|||||'|{||1||<I|II|II|II|H||||| 


«t 


DO    NOT    STATV^TVYER" 

The  PHIUAnF:L,l>HIA  I WiSTIXUXE,  established  1884  by  Edwin  S  Johnston,  has  won  a  world-wide 
reputation.  It  has  no  branch  anywhere,  and  at  no  time  has  had  any  connection  whatever  with  any  other  school.  A 
remarkable  cure  of  a  Philadelphia  lad,  11  years  of  age,  was  that  o*  William  Shelby,  No.  665  Norih  Eleventh  Street,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.  Before  and  after  treatment  he  was  presented  to  Prof.  Horatio  C.  Wood,  M.  I).,  LL.  D.,  and  the  Medical  Class 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  Prof.  Wood  pronounced  the  case  a  very  extraordinary  cure  of  Chorea.  The  boy  has 
been  cured  12  years,  and  has  had  no  return  of  his  distressing  malady,  and  to-day  it  would  be  impossible  to  see  that  he  had 
ever  been  afHicted. 

BiHhnp  CVRUS  D.  FOSS,  M.  E.  Church,  Philadelphia,  writes:  "  1  have  seen  Mr.  Johnston's  work,  and  have 
talked  with  some  persons  he  has  treated,  and  several  ministers  who  have  known  him  for  years.  I  believe  him  to  be  a 
thoroughly  reliable  person.  I  am  sure  he  has  wrought  many  remarkable  cures.  '  Hon.  JOHN  WANAMAKER,  ex- 
Pnstinaster-General,  U.  8.,  in  reply  to  an  inquirer,  says  :  "  I  am  acquainted  with  Mr.  E.  S.  Johnston,  who  was  a 
frightful  stammerer.  He  cured  himself,  and  I  have  seen  a  great  many  others  wliom  he  has  cured.  I  have  confidence  in  his 
treatment. 

Endorsed  alsobv  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell,  specialist  on  Nervous  Diseases,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  Prof.  Harrison  Allen, 
^L  D.,  University  of  Pennsylv.4nia  ;  Col.  M.  Richards  Muckle,  52  years  Manager  of  the  Philadelphia  Public  Ledger :  H, 
W.  Halliwell,  Secretary  Bo.ird  of  Public  Education,  Philadelphia.     Send  J  or  bo-page  book  to  t/i-e 


EDW.  8.  JOHNSTON 

Stammered  40  yrs. 

Founder  and  Principal 


PhlLADELPMIA  INSTITUTE 

1033    Spring  Garden   Streer,    Philadelphiifca,    Pa. 


<|l>lll|li|M|lllll|li|ll|»|il|ll|l|»|MI"l'l|ri|ll|»|iP|"l'll>'l<l'<|il|ii|ill"|ll|'l|il|ii|»l«llln|lll<iri|il|il|i;|ll|H|i>|iJ  lllllllll  1II|IIIIIIIIIII|IIIM|II|II|II|I'I  l|lllll|l<llllllllllll|nllllll|lll^lu|M|li|»|ll|il|M|ll|.i|>'|-|  ||||||||||||||ii|ii|M|||||||||||{|  ||||||f|||||||H||t|||||^ 


Office,  N.   E.   Cor.  13th  and  CJUalnut  Sts. 

Sshop,  2738  ^.  Droad  St.  Telephone  4559  Ptiiladelphla,  Pa. 

643 


E.  H.  PETERSON  &  CO. 

S.   W.   Corner    Eleventh    and    Sansom    Streets,    Philadelphia 


Mercli£.nf 

T^xilor^  hud 

ImporIer5 


E.  H.  PETERSON 


CARL  A.  PETERSON 


Highj-OiaScS    Wopl^    at    F^Qasoriable    Ppieos 

LIBERAL  DISCOUNT  TO  STUDENTS  AND  TEACHERS 


►-»—»■  ♦ » ♦ 


J.    H.    JORDAH 


Builder  and  Real  Estate  Expert 


School  Sapplies 


OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION 


CAN  BE  HAD  AT  THE 


2519  COLUMBIA  AVE. 


F»HILADHLF>HIA 


ill    HI    III    ill 


Expert  testimony  given  in  all  court  matters,  ♦ 
for  opening  of  streets,  change  of  grades  and  \ 
estimates  furnished  for  all  building  projects,  | 


School  Supplt  ^ 

^    PUPLISHINQ  Co, 

No.  306  Chestnut  Street 

PHILADELPHIA 


SEND     F^OR      CT^TT^LOGVB 


644 


BURK  &  McFETRIDGE  CO. 

For  many  years  the  establishment  of  the 
FUirk  &  McFetridge  Co.  has  been  known  as 
one  of  the  leading  printing  houses  of  the 
United  States,  and  among  Philadelphia  firms 
it  is  recognized  as  being  at  the  head  in  all  that 
is  best  and  most  praiseworthy  in  the  mercan- 
tile life  of  the  city. 

It  is  eminently  fitting  that  in  such  an  estab- 
lishment the  public  school  printing,  which 
must  always  be  the  neatest  and  best,  should 
be  done.  This  class  of  work  requires  especial 
attention,  while  it  is  very  frequently  necessary 
to  have  it  done  with  the  greatest  dispatch,  it 
must  not  show  any  traces  of  haste  in  its 
execution,  and  it  must  be  characterized  by 
uniform  accuracy  and  neatness.  While  mak- 
ing no  boast,  the  Burk  &  McFetridge  Co. 
might  with  satisfaction  point  to  this  volume 
as  an  indication  of  the  character  of  their 
school  printing. 

Their  large  plant,  the  front  view  of  which 
is  herewith  given,  comprises  the  spacious 
premises  Nos.  306  and  308  Chestnut  street, 
where  the  equipment  is  so  complete  and  so 


perfect  in  quality  that  they  are  able  to  turn 
out  the  liest  work  in  every  branch  of  their 
operations,  which  embrace  printing,  litho- 
graphing and  publishing,  as  thousands  of 
business  houses,  organizations  and  individuals 
are  glad  to  testify,  and  of  which  fact  their 
ever-increasing  business  gives  abundant  evi- 
dence. 

Nor  is  the  success  of  this  establishment  due 
to  its  sound  financial  basis  and  complete 
equipment.  It  did  not  spring  ud  in  a  night; 
but  is  the  result  of  long  years  of  hard  work, 
honest  and  enterprising  methods  and  untiring 
energy  on  the  part  of  those  who  built  it  up. 

The  history  of  the  business  dates  back  to 
1810,  although  it  was  not  until  1893  that  the 
Burk  &  McFetridge  Co.  was  chartered,  under 
the  laws  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  with 
a  capital  of  $150,000.  It  succeeded  the  firm 
of  Burk  &  McFetridge,  composed  of  William 
M.  Burk  and  John  R.  McFetridge,  who,  on 
September  15,  1877,  purchased  the  business 
from  William  W.  Harding,  the  successor  of 
his  father,  Jesper  Harding,  the  founder  of 
"The  Philadelphia  Inquirer"  and  the  old  In- 
quirer Printing  House. 

John  R.  McFetridge,  the  President  of  the 
Company  and  one  of  the  best  known  master 
printers  in  the  United  States,  worked  his  own 
way  up  in  the  business  which  he  now  controls, 
starting  out  in  the  employ  of  William  W. 
Harding,  and  gradually  rising  to  the  head  cf 
an  establishment  which  has  greatly  grown  since 
he  assumed  its  management.  The  other  mem- 
bers of  the  Company  are  John  R.  McFetridge, 
Jr.,  Vice  President,  Samuel  Long  McFetridge, 
Secretary,  both  sons  of  the  President ;  Georp-e 
Cook,  Treasurer;  James  McPherson  and  Enos 
Y.  Landis  in  charge  of  letter  press  and  litho- 
graphic departments,  respectively. 

Burk  &  McFetridge  Co.  are  the  pub- 
lishers of  "Traffic"  and  "Grocery  World," 
widely  and  favorably  known  journals  and  val- 
uable advertising  mediums. 


645 


Index 


Index — Historical 


Page. 
Academy  and  Charitable  School  of  the  Province  of  Penn- 
sylvania      7 

Act  of  1809 7 

Act  of  1818 9 

Adelphi  School 10,  287 

Act  of  1828  .    .           15 

Apple  Street  School,  Colored 16 

Act  to  Consolidate  and  Amend  the  Several  Acts  Relative 
to  a   General   System   of   Education    by   Common 

Schools,  1836 17 

Act  of  1836 17 

Act  of  184,5 21 

Act  of  Consolidation 22 

Act  of  1854 22 

Act  of  February  17,  1865 24 

Artisans'  Night  School  Opened 28 

Architect's  Department 28,  125 

Act  Regarding  Changes  in  Text-Books 29 

Appointment  of  Supervising  Principals  Urged   ....  33 

Appointment  of  Superintendent  of  Schools  Advocated  .  ^:i 

Assembly  Rooms  Suggested ^3 

Admission  to  the  Higher  Schools 46 

Attention  to  Industrial  Education 46 

Absence  of  Teachers,  Regulating  the 47 

Appropriations  to  Board  of  Public  Education,  City  Solici- 
tor's Opinion 67 

Alice  Lippincott  School 262 

A.  D.  Bache  School 309 

Alexander  Adaire  School 332 

Adamson  School 348 

Andora  School 373 

Alex.  Henry  School 397 

Astenville  School              406 

Andrew  G.  Curtin  School 479 

Asa  Packer  School 510 

Associated  Alumni  of  the  Central  High  School 571 

Alumnae   Association   of  the   Girls'    High   and   Normal 

Schools 579 

Addenda 618 

Brooks,  Dr.  Edward,  Introduction 5 

Board  of  Control  Organized 10 

Birnie,  Willie,  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Control  ■  .    .    .  10 

Bequest  of  Stephen  Girard  to  Public  Schools 16 

Bache,  Alexander  Dallas,  Superintendent  of  Schools  .  21 

Board  of  Control  (First)  after  Consolidation 22 

Bumm,  Henry,  President  Board  of  Controllers     ....  22 

Building   Inspector  Elected 28 

Board  of  Controllers,  Name  Changed 28 

Board  of  Public  Education  Removed  to  713  Filbert  St.  .  30 

Brooks,  Dr.  Edward,   Elected  Superintendent 35 


Page. 

Board  of  Public  Education,  a  Department  of  the  City  .    .  67 

Terms  of  Service  of  Members 67 

Qualification  of  Members 67 

Election  of  Officers 67 

Meetings 67 

General  Powers 67 

President  of  the   Board 68 

Standing  Committees 68 

Committee  on  Higher  Schools 68 

Committee  on  Revision  of  Studies 68 

Committee  on  Text-Books 68 

Committee  on  Industrial  Art   Education 68 

Committee  on  University      68 

Committee  on  Central  Manual  Training  School     .  68 

Committee  on  Northeast  Manual  Training  School  68 
Committee  on  James  Forten  Elementary  Manual 

Training  School 68 

Committee  on  Grammar,  Secondary  and  Primary 

Schools 71 

Committee  on  Supplies 71 

Committee   on   Office 71 

Committee  on  Legislation 71 

Committee  on   Night  Schools 71 

Committee  on  Qualification  of  Teachers 71 

Committee  on  Accounts 71 

Committee  on  Estimates 71 

Committee  on  Audits 71 

Committee  on  By-Laws  and   Rules 71 

Committee  on  Property 72 

Committee  on  Superintendence 72 

Committee  on  Hygiene 72 

Committee  on  Music 72 

Committee  on  Compulsory  Education 72 

Committee  on  Cooking  Schools 72 

Bache,  Alexander  Dallas,  Assumes  Control 133 

Boundaries  of  Sections.     See  Schools,   Boundaries  and 

Directors 21910  567 

Buck  Lane  School 221 

Beck  School 235 

Buttonwood  Street  School 303 

Bethany  School 310 

Bringhurst   School 386 

Belmont  School 405 

Barton  School 418 

Bridesburg  School 418 

Boons  Dam  School 440 

Belview  School 453 

Benton  School 466 

Boudinot  School 509 

Bayard  Taylor  School 509 

Benjamin  Rush   School 531 


649 


Page. 

Byberry  School 53 1 

Constitutional  Provision  for  Free  Schools 7 

Convention  to  Revise  State  Constitution,  1789-1790  ...  7 

Constitution  of  1838 7 

Character  of  the  Early  Schools 9 

City  Councils  Empowered  to  Elect  Directors 9 

Commissioners  Empowered  to  Elect  Directors 9 

Controllers  of  the  Public  Schools  for  the  City  and  County 

of  Philadelphia 9 

Contempt  for  Charity  Schools 14 

Compulsory  Education  Favored 15.    25,  29 

Colored  School  Established 15 

Central  High  Schooljuniper  and  Market  Streets, Corner- 
stone Laid 18 

Corner-Stone  of  the  Central  High  School  Laid,  Juniper 

and  Market  Streets 18 

Central  High  School,  Juniper  and  Market  Streets,  Open- 
ing    21 

Controllers  Made  a  Body  Politic 2r 

Central  High  School  Building,  South-east  Corner  Broad 

and  Green  Streets,  Erected 22 

Controllers  of  1868        26 

Census  of  Children  Taken 28 

Constitutional  Provision  for  Public  Education 29 

Centennial  Year 30 

Cooking  Instruction  Introduced 34 

Cliff,   George    H.,   Chosen    Principal  of   New   Normal 

School 36 

Central   High    School,   South-west  Corner   Broad    and 

Green  Streets,  Corner-Stone  Laid 36 

Corner-Stone  Central  High  School.  South-west  Corner 

Broad  and  Green  Streets,  Laid .    .  36 

Compulsory  Education  Act 36 

Not  Enforced yj 

Changes   in   the  Curriculum,    Report  to  the  Board  of 

Public  Education 38 

Courses  of  Instruction 41 

Revised 45 

Courses  of  Study  Formulated ...  47 

Cultivating  a  Spirit  of  Patriotism 47 

Co-operation  with  Teachers'  Organizations 48 

City  Solicitor's   Opinion   Regarding  Appropriations  to 

the  Board  of  Public  Education 67 

Central  High  School,  Juniper  and  Market  Streets    .        .  131 

Establishment  of  the  School 131 

Description  of  the  Building 131 

Opening  of  the  School 132 

First  Corps  of  Teachers      132 

Bache  Assumes  Control 133 

Courses  of  Study 133 

John  S.  Hart  Elected  President 133 

Departments  of  1842    .    .        133 

Written  Examinations  Held 133 

Whom  the  School  Most  Benefited 134 

Authorized  to  Confer  Degrees 134 

New  Studies  Introduced 134 

Holding  of  Commencements    .    .       134 

Central  High  School,  S.  E.  Cor.  Broad  and  Green  Streets, 

Erected 134 

Corner-Stone  Laid 137 

Dedication  of  Building 137 

Changes  in  the  Cuniculum 137,  139 

Professor  Nicholas  Maguire  Elected  President   .    .  137 


Page. 
Central  High  Sc\\oo\.— Continued. 

During  the  War 137 

Investigation  Instituted 138 

Reorganization  of  the  School 138 

New  Faculty  Chosen 138 

Professor  Hopper's  Valuable  Services 139 

Semicentennial  Celebrated 139 

Admissions  Made  Annually 139 

Henry  Clark  Johnson,  President 139 

School  of  Pedagogy  Established     140 

Robert  Ellis  Thompson  Elected  President   ....  141 

School  of  Pedagogy  Reorganized 142 

Course  of  Study 142 

Students'  Interests 142 

Statistics 142 

Introspective 145 

The  Faculty 146 

Former  Presidents 147 

Former  Professors 147 

Former  Assistant  Professors 148 

Faculty  of  School  of  Pedagogy 148 

Description  of  Building 145 

Central  High  School,  S.  W.  Cor.  Broad  and  Green  Streets,  140 

Corner-Stone  Laid 14,1 

Adjoining  Property 146 

Cregar,   Philip  A.,    Elected    President    Girls'    Normal 

School 157 

Central  Manual  Training  School  Established 179 

Crawford,  Lieut.  Robert,  Chosen  Director  ....  179 

Course  of  Study 183 

Faculty 183 

Charles  S.  Close  School 221 

Charles  Sumner  School 310 

Chandler  School 331 

Cohocksink  School 347 

Cumberland  School 348 

Cohocksink  School 348 

Chestnut  Hill  School 386 

Central  School 386 

Crescent  School 386 

Carroll   School 418 

Clearview  School 440 

Chester  A.  Arthur  School 479 

Camac   School 497 

Collegeville  School 531  ■ 

Cambria  School 563 

Difficulties  of  the  Controllers  of  1818 13 

Defects  in  the  Lancasterian  System .  15 

Dunlap,  Thomas,  Elected  President  of  Board  of  Control,  16 
Dusenberry,  Benjamin  M.,  Elected  President  of  Board  of 

Controllers 22 

Dedication  of  Girls'  Normal  School,   17th  and  Spring 

Garden  Streets 30 

Department  of  Superintendence  Organized  ....    t,T),  45 

Specific  Duties 48 

Description  of  the   Central   High  School,  Juniper  and 

Market  Streets 131 

Directors  of  Sections 219    to  567 

David  Foy  School 221 

Douglass  School 332 

Dickinson  School 370 

Decatur  School 398 

Davidson   School 440 

Delaplaine  Mc Daniel   School 545 


650 


Page. 

Establishment  of  Colored  Schools 15 

Senior  Classes 26 

Erection  of  the  Girls'  High  School  Building,  17th  and 

Spring  Garden  Streets 29 

Establishment  of  School  of  Industrial  Art 33 

Manual  Training  School 34 

Examinationof  Supervising  Principals 34 

Establishment  of  School  of  Pedagogy 35 

Elementary  Manual  Training  School,  James  Forten,  Or- 
ganized    35 

Establishment  of  Free  Libraries 35 

Examinations  and  Promotions 46 

Elevation  of  Standards 47 

Election  of  Officers  of  Board  of  Public  Education    ...  67 
Establishment  of  Central  High  School,  Juniper  and  Mar- 
ket Streets 131 

Establishment  of  the  Central  Manual  Training  School  .  179 

Elementary  Schools 217 

Edward  Shippen  School      282 

E.  M.  Paxson  School 293 

Edward  Gorgas  School 335 

Elwood  School 386 

E.  Spencer  Miller  School 405 

Elmwood  School 439 

Elisha  Kent  Kane  School 465 

Edward  Gratz  School 465 

Edwin  M.  Stanton  School 479 

Enterprise  School 510 

Educational  Club 585 

First  School  District  of  Pennsylvania,  History  of  .    ...  7 

Friends'  Public  School  Established 7 

First  School  District  of  Pennsylvania  Organized  ....  9 

First  School-House  Erected  ...       10 

First  Board  of  Control 10 

First  Board  of  Control  After  Consolidation 22 

Fletcher,  Leonard  R.,  President  Board  of  Controllers.  .  22 

Fire-Proof  Stairways  Placed  in  New  School  Buildings  .  33 

Free  Kindergartens  Transferred 34 

Forten,   James,    Elementary   Manual    Training    School 

35.  193.  194,  197 

Free  Libraries  Established 35 

Transferred 38 

First  Photograph  in  America 132 

First  State  Normal  School,  Lexington,  Mass 153 

Fetter,  Professor  Geo.  W.,  Resignation 165 

Florence   School 235 

Fletcher  School 235 

Fagen  School 245 

First  Cooking  School   ...       265 

Fairmount  School 17,  309 

Francisville  School 309 

Fifteenth  Section  Schools 309 

Finletter  School 331 

Franklin  Schools 348,  546 

Fairview  School ^y^ 

Francis  D.  Pastorius  School 385 

Feltonville  School 385 

Five  Points  School 406 

Federal  Hall  School 430 

Francis  M.  Drexel  School 430 

Forest  School 453 

Fairhill  School 509 

Franklinville  School ,    .    ,  510 


Page. 

Fayette  School 531 

Fox  Chase  School  ...           531 

Girard's,  Stephen,  Bequest  to  Public  Schools i6- 

Girls'  High  School  Organized 23. 

Girls'    High  School   Building,  17th  and  Spring  Garden 

Streets,    Erected 29^ 

Gratz,  Simon,   Elected  President  pro  tern 36,  39 

Gratz,  Simon,  Elected  President 39 

General  Powers  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education  ...  67 

Girls'  Normal  School 153. 

First  Faculty 154 

Girls'    High  School 153. 

Again  a  Normal  School 158- 

Faculty 169 

Girls'  High  and  Normal  School 158 

Girls'  Normal  School,  New  Building  Erected 158- 

Rapid  Development 161 

Opened 161 

Present  Course  of  Study i6? 

Faculty 166 

Girls'  High  and  Normal  School,  Former  Teachers  .    .    .  170 

George  W.  Nebinger  School 227 

George  M.  Wharton  School 251 

Grant,  U.  S.,  School 261 

Gorgas  School 332 

Germantown   School 386 

Gilbert,  Joseph  C,  School 386 

George  W.  Childs  School 429. 

Greenway  School 439 

George  G.  Meade  School 46.5 

Glenwood  School 453. 

George  H.  Boker  School 453^ 

George,  Jesse,  School 519 

Godfrey  School 531 

Gustavus  A.  Benson  School 545 

Girard  School 545 

History  of  the  First  School  District  of  Pennsylvania  .    .  7 

Hospitals,  Schools  used  as 16 

High  Schools  for  Girls  Contemplated 21 

Hollingsworth,    Thomas   G.,    Elected    President   Board 

of  Controllers 22 

Haggenbotham,  May,  Elected  Assistant  Superintendent  ^3 

Huey,  Samuel  B  ,  Elected  Vice-President 39 

Higher  Schools,  The 129 

Hart,  John  S.,  Elected  President  Central  High  School    .  133 
Henderson,  Dr.  C.   Hanford,   Elected  Principal  North- 
east Manual  Training  School 180 

Horace  Binney  School 251 

Hamilton  School 261 

Hollingsworth  School 269 

Hancock  School 303. 

Harrison  School 325 

Harmony  School 386 

Henry  Herbert  School 398 

Haverford  School 405 

Henry  W.  Halliwell  School 417 

Henry  Armitt  Brown  School 491 

Hart  Lane  School 509 

Hopkinson  School 510 

Heston  School 519 

Hestonville  School 520- 

Haddington  School 52a 

Henry  Disston  School 531 


651 


Page. 

Holmesburg  School 531 

Holme  School 53' 

Henry  Disston  Library 532 

Introduction  by  Dr.  Edward  Brooks 5 

Inception  of  the  Lancasterian  System 8 

Inside  View  of  a  Lancasterian  School  Room 8 

Incompetency  of  Monitors 15 

Infant  Schools  Established 15 

School  Societies 15 

Increase  of  Teachers'  Salaries 25 

Improvement  in  School  Buildings 33 

Instruction  in  Cooking  Introduced 34 

Insufficient  School  Accommodations 37 

Industrial  Education,  Attention  to 46 

In'lustrial  Art  School.     See  School  of  Industrial  Art, 

201  to  207 

Irving  School 418 

Island  Road  School 439 

James    Forten    Elementary   Manual    Training    Sch.ool 

Organized 35 

Johnson,  Henry  Clark,  Becomes  President 140 

James  Forten  Elementary  Manual  Training  School,  Sioyd 

System 194 

James  Forten  Elementary  Manual  Training  School,  Sew- 
ing, Cooking  and  Singing  Lessons 194 

James  Forten  Elementary  Manual  Training  Sciiool,   Its 

Educational  Value 194 

James    Forten    Elementary    Manual   Training    School, 

Its  Teachers 197 

John  H.  Taggart  School 221 

John  Stockdale  School 227 

John  S.  Ramsey  School 261 

John  Agnew  School 281 

J.  Q.  Adams  School 299 

John  M.  Ogden  School 303 

Jefferson  School 3t7 

John  Moffett  School 325 

J.  R.  Ludlow  School     325 

John  Welsh  School 347 

John  F.  Hartranft  School 348 

James  Lynd  School 357 

Joseph  C.  Gilbert  School 385 

John  H.  Webster  School 417 

James  Martin  School 421 

Jackson  School 429 

Jeremiah  Nichols  School 429 

James  Miller  School 439 

John  H    Bartram  School      440 

John  K.  Lee  School 439 

James  Pollock  School 479 

John  S.  Hart  School 491 

James  L.  Ciaghorn  School 497 

Joseph  Singerly  School 497 

James  G.  Blaine  School 497 

Jesse  George  School 519 

James  Rhoads  School 519 

Joseph  Brown  School 531 

James  Forten  School 531 

James  Logan  School 545 

James  Alcorn  School 545 


Page. 

Kensington  School 10 

Kirby,  Lydia  A.,  Elected  Assistant  Superintendent     .    .  33 

Kindergarten,  Supervision  of 47 

System 61 

Keystone  School 277 

Kelley,  Wm.  D.,  Building 304 

Kingsessing  School 440 

Kenderton  School     453 

Legislation  for  Free  Education 7 

Lancaster,  Joseph 8 

Lancasterian  School  Room 8 

Societies • 8 

System  Introduced 9 

System  Abandoned 16 

Locust  Street  School 16 

Lombard  Street  School  (Colored)  . 16 

Laying  of  the  Corner-stone  of  Central  High  School  .    .    .  18 

Long,  James,  Elected  President 30 

Lyons  School 235 

Locust  Street  School 269 

Livingston   School 309 

Lincoln  School 309 

Logan  Hall 310 

Ludlow   School 325 

Levering  School 369 

Lucretia  Mott  School 491 

Liberty  School 509 

Lower  Dublin  Academy 536 

Landreth  School 545 

Model  School 10,  16,  21,  153 

Moyamensing  School 10,  17,  246 

Monitors,  Incompetency  of 15 

Trained  in  Model  School 15 

Model  Infant  School  Established 16 

Moyamensing  Infant  School 17 

Marlborough  Street  School 17 

Master  Street  School 17,  325 

Infant  School 17 

Method  of  Appointing  Controllers  Altered 26 

Music,  Theory  of.  Taught .•  29 

MacAlister,  Dr.  James,  Elected  Superintendent   ....  ^3 

Morrison,  Andrew  J.,  Elected  Assistant  Superintendent,  ^3 

Manual  Training  School  Established 34 

Mackenzie,     Miss    Constance,      Elected     Director    of 

Kindergartens 34 

Meetings  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education 67 

Maguire,  Nicholas  H.,  Elected  President 137 

Retired  from  Presidency 138 

Moyer,    John    W.,    Elected    Vice-Principal     Northeast 

Manual  Training  School 180 

Manual  Training  Schools,  Objects 183 

Morris  School 221 

Mary  Street  School 227,  358 

Mt.  Vernon  School        235 

Meredith  School 245 

Madison  School 287 

Mifflin  School 287,  293 

Monroe  School 303 

Megargee  School 347 

Manayunk  School 369 

Manatawna  School 373 

Mount  Airy  School 386 

Morton  School 386 


652 


Page. 

Marshall  School 397 

Morton  McMichael  School          405 

Mantua  School 405,  409 

Miller  School 440 

M.  Hall  Stanton  School    • 453 

Muhlenberg  School 465 

Morris  City  School   ...        466 

Maltha  Washington  School .  520 

Mechanicsville  School 531 

Maple  Grove  School 531 

Northwestern  Infant  School 16 

Northern  Liberties  School 16 

Northwestern  School 16,  281,  618 

Normal  School  Organized 21 

Night  Schools  Opened 22 

Normal  School  Building,  Sergeant  Street  above  Ninth, 

Erected 22 

Name  of  the  Board  of  Controllers  Changed 28 

Normal  School  Building,  Seventeenth  and  Spring  Gar- 
den Streets,  Dedicated 30 

New  Salary  System  Adopted 33 

Need  of  New  Teachers  Advocated 34 

New  Normal   School,   Thirteenth   and   Spring   Garden 

Streets,  Opened 35 

Normal  School    .       153,  155,  157 

Normal  School  Changed  to  High  School 157 

New  Girls'  High  School 165 

New  (Jirls'  High  School  Annex 165 

Northeast  Manual  Training  School  Opened 180 

Northeast  Manual  Training  School  Faculty 1&4 

New  Street  School 257 

Nineteenth  and  Addison  Streets  School 261 

Northern  Liberties  School 287 

Newton  (Boys)  School 439 

Newton  (Girls)  School 439 

Newton  (Primary)  School 439 

NorrisJ.  Hoffman  School 519 

Night  Schools 605 

Organization  of  the  Model  School 10 

Board  of  Control 10 

Opening  of  the  Central  High  School 21 

Girls'   High   School 23 

Organization  of  the  Teachers'  Institute 26 

Opening  of  the  Artisans' Night  School 28 

Organization  of  the  Superintendence  Department  ...  ^^ 
Opening  of  the   New  Normal  School,   13th  and  Spring 

Garden  Streets      •  .    .  35 

Opening  of  Summer  Play  Grounds 36 

Office  Department,  Board  of  Public  Education 121 

Objects  of  the  Manual  Training  Schools 183 

Old  (The)  Coach  Factory  School 227 

Octavius  V.  Catto   School 265 

Olney  School ...  385 

Octagon  School 536 

Oakdale  School 563 

Preface 3 

Power  of  Controllers  and  Directors 9 

Progress  of  1819 14 

Penn  Township  School 17 

Parsons,    A.    V.,    State    Superintendent    of    Common 

Schools 21 

Parsons'  Encomiums 21 


Page. 

Poor  Condition  of  School  Houses 22 

Progress  made  in    1868 28 

Public  Libraries 35.  38,  609 

Prosperous  Condition  of  the  Schools 39 

Plan  of  the  School  of  Pedagogy 47 

Pedagogical  School,  Plan  of 47 

Pedagogical    Library 48 

Post-Graduate  Course  of  Teachers 48 

Pine  and  Quince  Streets  School 261 

Price  School 348 

Park  Avenue  School 357 

Penn  School 358 

Pittville  School 386 

Paschalville  School 439 

Patrick  Henry  School 531 

Public  Education  Association 597 

Public  Night  Schools 605 

Presidents,  1818  to  1897 618 


Qualification  of  Members  Board  of  Public  Education 


67 


Reed,  Wm.  J.,  President  of  Board  of  Controllers   ....  22 

Relative  Duties  and  Rights  of  Controllers  and  Councils,  26 
Removal  of  Office  of  Board  of  Public  Education  from 

the  AtheiicEum  Building  to  713  Filbert  Street  ....  30 

Revision  of  Studies 30 

Regulating  the  Absence  of  Teachers 47 

Robert  Raikes  School 228 

Robinson  School 228 

Ringgold   School 245 

Rovoudt   School    293 

Roberts  Vaux  School 303,  304 

Robert  T.  Conrad  School 303 

Rutledge   School 357 

Roxborough    Lyceum 370 

Roxborough  School 370 

Rowland   School 386 

Robert  Morris  School 465,  466,  599 

Reynolds   School 465,  466 

Randolph   School 510 

Sunday-Schools 8 

Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Public  Economy 9 

Spring  Garden  School 10 

Southwark  School 10,  16 

School  Directors  of  1818 13 

Schools  Used  as  Hospitals 16 

Schools  of  1836 16 

Southeastern  School 16 

Southeastern  Infant  School 16 

Schuylkill  School 16 

Second  Street  School 16 

School  Law  of  1836       17 

School  of  Observation  and  Practice  Established    ....  21 

Statistics  of  1850 22 

Shippen,  Edward,  Elected  President 22,  24 

On  the  Qualification  of  Teachers 24 

On  Teachers'  Salaries 25 

Senior  Classes  Established 26 

Superintendent  of  Public  School  Buildings  and  Repairs.  28 

Study  of  Music  Introduced 28 

Stanton,  M.  Hall,  Elected  President 28 

Steel,  Edward  T.,  Elected  President .  30 

Supervising  Principals,  Appointments  Urged ^^ 

Superintendent  of  Schools,  Appointment  Advocated   .    .  33 


653 


Page. 

School  of  Industrial  Art  Established 33 

Superintendent's  Department  Organized 33 

Sickel,  James  F.  C,  Elected  Assistant  Superintendent,  33 

Sewing,  Teaching  of,  Introduced 33 

Supervising  Principals'   Examination 34 

Sub-Primary  School  Society 34 

Sheppard,  Isaac  A.,  Elected  President 34 

Summer  Playgrounds  Opened 36 

School  Accommodations  Insufficient 37 

Study  of  Music  Restored 3S 

School  of  Pedagogy  Established 35,  140 

Reorganized 38 

System  of  Supervising  Principals  Introduced 45 

Sujjervising  Principals,  System  of 45 

Supervision  of  Kindergartens 47 

School  of  Pedagogy,  Plan  of 47 

Specific  Duties,  Department  of  Superintendence  ....  48 

State  Department  of  Superintendence 63 

Schaeffer,  Dr.  Nathan  C,  State  Superintendent  of  Pub- 
lic Instruction 63 

Semi-Centennial  Central  High  School,  Broad  and  Green 

Streets,  S.  E.  corner 139 

Sayre,  William   L.,   Chosen  Principal   Central  Manual 

Training  School 179 

Special  Schools 189 

School  of  Industrial  Art 201 

First  Year's  Success 201 

Steady  Progress 201 

System  of  Instruction 201 

Aim  of  the  School 202 

The  Pupils 202 

A  Splendid  Tribute 205 

Faculty  of  the  School 206 

School  Directors 219  to  567 

Schools  Boundaries  and  Directors  of  the  : — 

First  Section 219,  225 

Second  Section 227,  233 

Third  Section 235,  243 

Fourth  Section 245,  249 

Fifth  Section 251,  255 

Sixth  Section 257,  259 

Seventh  Section      261,  267 

Eighth  Section 269,  275 

Ninth  Section 277,  279 

Tenth  Section     281,  285 

Eleventh  Section 287,  291 

Twelfth  Section 293,  297 

Thirteenth  Section 299,  301 

Fourteenth  Section 303,  307 

Fifteenth  Section 309,  315 

Sixteenth  Section 317,  323 

Seventeenth  Section 325,  329 

Eighteenth  Section 331,  345 

Nineteenth  Section 347,  355 

Twentietii  Section     357,  367 

Twenty-first  Section 369,  383 

Twenty-second  Section 385,  395 

Twenty-third  Section 397,  403 

Twenty-fourth  Section 405,  415 

Twenty-fifih  Section 417,  427 

Twenty-sixth  Section 429,  437 

Twenty  seventh  Section 439,  451 

Twenty-eighth  Section 453,  463 

Twenty-ninth  Section 465,  477 

Thirtieth  Section 479,  489 


Page. 
School  Boundaries  and  Directors. — Continued. 

Thirty-first  Section 491,  495 

Thirty-second  Section 497,  507 

Thirty-third  Section 509,  517 

Thirty-fourth  Section 519,  529 

Thirty-fifth  Section 531,  543 

Thirty-sixth  Section 545,  561 

Thirty-seventh  Section 563,  567 

Southwestern  School 261 

Saunders  School 293 

Shur's  Lane  School 373 

Spencer  Roberts  School 386 

Sherman  School 421 

School,  McClellan,  No.  2 421 

Snyder  School 466 

Sorosis  Women's  Club 532 

School  Organizations 569 

Statistics 613,  615,  616,  617 

Secretaries  1818  to  1897 618 

School  Directors  (new),  Elected  February  16,  1897     .    .  620 

Special  Mention 621 

Teachers'  Salaries  Increased 26 

Teachers'  Institute  Organized 26 

Text-Books,  Act  Regarding  Changes 29 

Twenty-ninth  Section  Formed 29 

Theory  of  Music  Taught 29 

Thirtieth  Section  Formed 29 

Thirty-first  Section  Formed 29 

Teaching  of  Sewing  Introduced 2)}) 

Transfer  of  Free  Kindergartens      34 

Thirty-second  Section  Formed 34 

Thirty-third  Section  Formed 34 

Thirty-fourth  Section  Formed 34 

Thirty-fifth  Section  Formed 34 

Thirty-sixth  Section  Formed 35 

Thirty-seventh  Section  Formed 35 

Testimony  of  Builders  as  to  Construction  and  Character 

of  School  Buildings 38 

Teachers'  Post-Graduate  Course 48 

Terms  of  Service  of  Members  of  the  Board  of  Public 

Education 67 

Tasker  School 221 

Temple  Street  School 228 

Thaddeus  Stevens  School 309 

Tyndale  Mansion 421 

Tioga  School 421 

T.  C.  Price  School 439 

Thomas  H.  Powers  School 497 

Thomas  Potter  School 509 

Tillyer  School 53^ 

Teachers'  Annuity  and  Aid  Association 581,  593 

The  Educational  Club 585 

The  Teachers'  Institute 589 

The  Public  Education  Associaiiun 597 

Teachers'  Photograph  Association 599 

Teachers'  Beneficial  Association 601 

University  Scholarships  Established 29 

U.  S.  Grant  School 261 

Union  Colored  School 523 


Vaux,    Roberts,    Chairman 
Schools 


of    Committee     on    Public 


654 


Page. 

Vaux,  Roberts,  Elected  President  Board  of  Control     .    .  lo 

Extracts  from  Annual  Reports 14,  15 

Resignation  from  Board  of  Control 16 

Vaughan  School 331 

William  Penn  Charter  School 7 

World's  Fair  Exhibition 36 

Well  Constructed  Buildings 38 

Wight,  Dr.  John  G.,  Elected  Principal 165 

Wight,  Dr.  John  C,  Administration 165 

Willard,   James   Monroe,    Elected    Principal    Northeast 

Manual   Training   School 183,  186 

Weccacoe  School 221 

White  Hall  School 221 

Wharton   School 227 

Washington  Schools 227,  277,  369,  373,  531,  536 

Western  School,  Second  Section 228 

Wood's  School 261 

Wyoming  School 299 

Warner  School 299 

William  D.  Kelley  Schools 304,  465 


Page. 

West    Kensington  School 325 

Webster  Scliools 326,  358 

Wood  and  West  School 332 

William  H.  Hunter  School 347 

William  F.  Miller  School 347 

Wissahickon  School 373 

West   School 386 

Warren  School 406 

Woodland  Avenue  School 439 

West  End  School 439 

William  S.  Pierce  School 479 

Western  School,  Thirtieth  Section 479 

William  Cramp  School 509 

Wissinoming   School 531 

Watson  Comly  School     531 

Wheat  Sheaf  School 531 

Yellow  School 331 

Zane  Street  School 277 


f55 


Index — Individuals 


Page. 

Allison,  Eliza  . lo 

Ashmead,  Samuel 22 

Abbot,  Charles  F 26,  30,  454 

Adaire,  Alexander 30.  96,  331,  335,  605 

Austin,  Joseph  D 125 

Anshutz,  Joseph  W 125 

Angele,  Lewis 138 

Allen,  John      222 

Alexander,  Cornelius ....           ....  222 

Angney,  Dr.  John  R 252 

Abbett,  Leon 257 

Addis,  John  A 258 

Amos,  MelindaJ 261 

Atwell,  Mrs.  C.  A. 265 

Atherton,  Charles      270 

Agnew,  William  G.  E 277 

Ayres,  Hiram 281 

Austin,  Charles  S 288 

Abel,  Charles      288 

Atwood,  Minnie   C 299 

Apple,  George  W 288 

Allen,  Samuel 300 

Abrahams,  Alexander 304 

Adams,  Charles 310 

Allen,  Miss  Selena 347,  351 

Allen,  Miss  Amelia  J 357 

Adams,  Joseph  M 373 

Arnhold,  William  H 386 

Axe,  William  W'ells 398 

Abernethy,  Miss  Ellen  G 406 

Allen,  Thomas  R 430 

Anderson,  Dr.  Frank  T 443 

Anstice,  Helen  W 465 

Ashmead,  Benjamin  P 483 

Allen,  Abraham  L 498 

Ashby,  Joseph 536 

Arnold,  Michael 572 

Ashman,  William  N 572 

Allen,  Dr.  Harrison 585 

Anthony,  Anna 590 

Agnew,  Henry 620 

Aucott,  William 620 

Anderson,  Richard  R 620 

Anderson,  George  L 620 

Auge,  Truman 620 

American  Book  Co 625 

Artman-Treichler  Co.,  E.  R 632 

Brooks,  Dr.  Edward 3,  5.  35>  50>  141  >  585.  599 

Birnie,  Willie 10 

Boyd,  George 10 


Page. 

Bockius,  Joseph 16 

Bache,  Alexander  Dallas 21,  132 

Beideman,  Daniel  S 21,  137 

Booth,  Edwin 22 

Burr,  George  W 22 

Bumm,  Henry 22 

Blow,  Susan  E 62 

Beale,  Albert  B 121 

Booth,  Professor 133 

Becker,  Professor 133 

Bridges,  Robert 133 

Boye,  ProfesFor 134 

Breckinridge,  Dr.  R.  J 137 

Boardman,  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  A 137 

Baker,  Benjamin       137 

Br6gy,  Francis  A 138 

Bartine,  Dr.  David  Wesley 140,  601 

Brandt,  Dr.  Francis  Burke 142,  587 

Bihn,  Arthur  Otto 222 

Blizzard,  George  B 231 

Begley,  Mrs.  Helen  B 235 

Bunting,  Kate  H 235 

Buckwalter,  Geoffrey 236 

Borthwick,  John 239 

Barlow,  Thomas  W •    .    .  239 

Belcher,  Mary  F 245 

Buggy,  C.  Jessie 245 

Byrne,  Mary  A 245 

Barnes,  William  H.  P 246 

Brown,  Thomas  B 246 

Bunting,  Henry  K.    .    .            246 

Binney,  Horace 251 

Bird,  James  M 251 

Boyd,  Joseph  George 252 

Balbirnie,  Cadwallader  D.  B 252 

Brodwater,  George  J 252 

Bird,  John  D 261 

Barton,  William  J 266 

Burk,  Rev.  Jesse  Y 270 

Bowman,  Col.  Wendell  Phillips 270 

Burns,  James,  Jr 270 

Breen,  James  J 270 

Biddle,  Louis  Alexander 270 

Beiller,  Abraham   M 277 

Blackburn,  Francis 278 

Bond,  Miss  E.  B 282 

Biles,  Miss  Helen  L 282 

Bricker,  Dr.  William   H 282 

Brown,    Barbara 287 

Bitner,  Mary    E 287 

Brown,  James  D 288 


657 


Page. 

Bier,  Christian 288 

Belsterling,  John  F 293 

Berlin,  Kate  M 293 

Bauer,  Dr.  Lewis  Demme 294 

Bavington,  Martha  F 299 

Burmeister,  Sophia 299 

Barnwell,  Jas.  G 299 

Brodie,  Martha  R 299 

Byrnes,  Mary 300 

Brueckmann,  Max 300 

Buckman,  James 3CX) 

Brodie,  Rachel 303 

Barnwell,  James  G 309 

Bradford,  George  R 309 

Belden,  Francis  S 309 

Bradbury,  Miss 309 

Briggs,  Rachel 317 

Blank,  Phillip 318 

Bohn,    Carl  H 318 

Barrett,  Thomas  G 3(8,  618 

Baer,  David  R 325 

Brown,  W.  W 325,  497,  587 

Beatty,  Dr.  Thomas  J 326 

Bedford,  Miss  Louise 326 

Beechy,  Miss 331 

Boswell,  William  R 332 

Baker,  William  H 335 

Buckley,  Miss  Georgianna 347 

Buchner,  Charles  J 351 

Bechtold,  Albert 351 

B'gley,  James  C 351 

Buck,  William  H 358 

Boutcher,  Frank 370 

Bickley,  George  H 389 

Brown,  Franklin  D 398 

Brenner,  John  G 398 

Brooks,  Rev.  John 409 

Brodie,  Edward  J. 418 

Byram.J.  Emory 418 

Brady,  Sarah  J 418 

Brady,  R.  R.  A 418 

Brady,  Kate 418 

Brady,  Ellie  J 418 

Boggs,  David 421 

Boyer,  Dr.  A.  H 422 

Berger,  Thomas   Elliott 430 

Bell,  Walter  W 430 

Bradshaw,  Sarah  E 439 

Barker,  George  F 443 

Bland,  George  P 443 

Bonsall,  Amos 443 

Beaumont,  Edward  A 443 

Beckhaus,  Joseph  E 457 

Boyer,  C.  S 465 

Brown,  Miss  Barbara 480 

Bird,  William  C 492 

Brower,  Francis  M 492 

Buckley,  Franklin  P 492 

Brelsford,  Charles  H 497,  549,  587 

Bailey,  John  Minor 498 

Bliss,  Albert  A 498 

Butler,  Joseph 498 

Buggy,  Mary  E 509 

Boudinot,  Elias 509 

Buzby,  Miss 509 


Page. 

Byler,  J.  Frank 519 

Briggs,  Joseph  S 531 

Baillie,  Elizabeth 531 

Bartine,  Stephen  W 531 

Bunting,  James  W 535 

Balentine,  William  L 535.  545 

Brous,  T.  Miles 539 

Barton,  H.  H 539 

Braden,  Ella   S 545 

Balderston,  John  E 564 

Br6gy,  F.  Amadee 572 

Becker,  George  J 572 

Banes.  Charles  H 573 

Bullock,  George  A 576 

Brennan,  George  J 577 

Bates,  Stockton 577 

Biddle,  Charles 578 

Boughton,  Mrs.  Caroline  G 579 

Butler,  Dr.  Nicholas  Murray 585 

Brumbaugh,  Martin  G 585 

Baird,  Mrs.  Matthew    . 598 

Berry,  Miss  M.  S 599 

Bailey,  Henrietta 620 

Beatty,  William  J 620 

Butland,  Winfield  S 620 

Berkenstock,  William  F 620 

Browne,  Richard  T 620 

Britton,  Louis 620 

Busch,  Morris 620 

Baker,  A.  George 620 

Benner,  Thomas  C 620 

Brous,  Henry 620 

Burns,  David  R 627,  632 

Boswell,  William  R 628 

Butler,  E.  H.  &  Co 630 

Barnes,  A.  S.  &  Co 630 

Borsch,  J.  L.  &  Co 639 

Benar,  S.  B 639 

Briggs,  A.  J 642 

Burk  &  McFetridge  Co 645 

Curran,  William,  M.  D 22 

Cline,  Charles 22 

Cox,  George  W 30 

Campbell,  John  Marie 30,80,  252 

Crouch,  George  W 34,  511 

Cliff,  George  H 36,  140,  174,  303,  574,  585,  599 

Christine,  Frederick  Foster 41,  140 

Christian,  Frank  S no 

Cook,  J.  H 125 

Cassell,  John  D 125 

Chandler,  Joseph  R 133 

Cowperthwaite,  Joseph 137 

Collins,  T.  K 137 

Campbell,  James 153 

Cregar,  Philip  A 157.   281,  303 

Crawford,  Lieut.  Robert 179 

Cree,  Joseph  C 239 

Cullen,  Thomas  A 239 

Cuneo,  Frederick  J 239 

Creth,  Caroline 245 

Campbell,  Alice  D 251 

Cassidy,  Lewis  C 252,  574 

Cottingham,  Robert 252 

Caldwell,  Kate  L 261 


658 


Page. 

Crosby,  Annie  J 261 

Cleavenger,  William  S 269 

Cox,  Elizabeth  H 269 

Clay,  Col.  Cecil 270 

Clay,  Alfred  L 270 

Connell.  Horatio  P 270 

Cahill,  Thomas 270 

Conway,  Mary  M 277 

Cooper,  Dr.  C.  Campbell 278 

Conrad,  J.  Fletcher 278 

Chapman,  Ursula •  .    .    .  281 

Cornman,  Oliver  P 281,  587 

Child,  Samuel  T 288 

Cunnie,  Edward 288 

Custis,  Emerson  W 288 

Clayton,  Miss  A.  M 309 

Crease,  Emilie  M 309 

Clark,  John  W 310 

Caven,  Joseph  L 313 

Crow,  Alexander,  Jr 313 

Cozens,  Smith  D 313 

Carson,  William  H 3t3 

Crombargar,  James 313 

Cressman,  Philip 325 

Carson,  John  M 326 

Campbell,  John  J 326 

Chadwick,  Master 331 

Clunn,  David  S 335 

Cramp,  Jacob  S 335 

Caskey,  Miss  Isabella  R 347 

Cox,  George 351 

Culbert,  Robert 351 

Cordery,  Miss  Deborah  L 357,  594 

Colladay,  William  Y 358 

Culp,  Tilman 370 

Crease,  Alfred 373 

Cooke,  James  1 373 

Caroland,  Miss  May  R 385,  599 

Carroll,  William  G 389 

Crans,  William  C 398 

Coats,  Mathias 398 

Creighton,  Thomas 398 

Clark,  Charles  H 409 

Campbell,  Lewis  S 422 

Carr,  Theodore  M 430 

Cornell,  Watson 430,    545,  601 

Campbell,  Martha  G 439 

Clark,  Elizabeth  W 440 

Cooper,  William  F 443 

Comegys,  Benjamin  B 443 

Callaghan,  John  S 443 

Collins,  J.  Penrose 443 

Caskey,  William  J 453,  594 

Copeland,  Theodore  H 457 

Cain,   Harry 457 

Cropper,  Lucille 465 

Christopher,  Miss  Emma 479 

Campbell,  Emily  F 479 

Chapin,  Miss  Phillipa  V 480 

Carre,  Miss 483 

Catharine,  Joseph  W 483 

Caskey,  Elizabeth 497,  590 

Cotton,  George  A 498 

Colladay,  Charles  M 509 

Collamer,  Daniel 511 


Page. 

Creely,  Henry  F ,511 

Culin,  Miss  Annie 520 

Cartledge,  Franklin  F 531,  535,  590 

Comly,  John 532 

Currier,  John  H 532 

Crispen,  Mr 535 

Crawford,  Joseph  U 536 

Crossan,  Kennedy 536 

Clay,  Richard  W 536 

Comly,  Watson 539 

Castor,  Barton 539 

Crouse,  Robert  P 549 

Cushman,  William 549 

Conner,  John  W 549 

Coates,  Charles 564 

Curtin,  Andrew  G 572 

Cook,  Joel 572 

Cramp,  Charles  H 572 

Cookman,  D.  D.,  Rev.  John  E 572 

Cohen,  Dr.  S.  Soils 572 

Carr,  Wm.  Wilkins 575 

Colesberry,  Alexander  P 575 

Crowell,  Charles 578 

Cheney,    Hannah  M 579 

Campbell,  Miss  M.  A 581,  594 

Campbell,  Miss  Jane 581,  595 

Craven,  Miss  Elizabeth  B 582 

Chew,  Samuel  L 586 

Callan,  Martha 590 

Clark,  Alice 590 

Collins,  Cora  H 594 

Clothier,  Isaac  H 598 

Crosby,  Anna  J 601 

Cavagnaro,  Alfred 620 

Crookshank,  James 620 

Crosson,    Wm.   J 620 

Cross,  John  W 620 

Christy  &  Son,  William 626 

Castle  &  Heilman     637 

Dunlap,  Thomas 16,    18,  153 

Dusenberry,  Benjamin  M 22 

Davis,  Thomas  R 30 

Dick,  William 121 

Drake,  L.  E 121 

Deloutte,    Prof      133 

Dallas,    George  M ....  133 

Dunglison,  Dr.  Richard 133 

Dolley,  Charles  Sumner 140 

Dana,  Rev.  Dr.  Stephen  W.      141 

Davis,  Charles  E 222 

Duhling,  Thomas  F 222 

Duval,  Dr.  A.  W 228 

Dillon,  John  Irving 231 

Desmond,  Mary  G 235 

Duncan,   Anna  M 235 

Dolby,  Miss  Ann 246 

Dunton,  Miss  Rosalie  J 251 

Doyle,  John  F 252 

Deputy,  Dr.  H.   S 257 

Durham,  Thomas 265 

Dillingham,  Dr.  Simeon 278 

Drummond,  Charles  J 278 

Davis,  Emma   M 281 

Davis,    Robert   Coulton 282 


659 


Page. 

Davis,  Samuel  B 282 

Dever,  James  R 282 

Davis,  Josephine  H 293 

Dare,  Ella  V 293 

Donovan,  Regina  C 293 

Dutton,  Alex.  P 300 

Durham,  Miss  Mary  F 304 

Dittess,  Charles  J 304 

Dornan,    Robert 326 

Devlin,  Edward  J 326 

Dwyer,    Charles  H.,  M.   D 326 

Doherty,  Isaac  S. 335 

Drummond,  Robert 351 

Dickinson,  Joseph 370 

Davis,  John  S 373 

Dawson,  William 373 

Dixon,  William  F 373 

Dodgson,  John  W 37^ 

Duffield,  Thomas  W 398 

Deal,  Joseph  P 398 

Daly,  John  J 409 

Daly,  John  T 422 

Dost,  Theodore  0 422 

Dunn,   Miss  Martha 429 

Daltry,  Miss  Viola 429 

Dougherty,  Edwin  W 430 

Drake,  Henry 443 

DePrefontaine,  Albert 457 

Donavan,  Stephen  J 492 

Dungan,  Sarah  W 491,  594 

Disston,  Thomas 532 

Duffield,  Edward 536 

Derr,  P.  Oliver 564 

Dechert,  Robert  P 571 

Dechert,  Henry  M 572 

Dolan,  Thomas 576 

Dickson,  David  W 576 

Dornan,  Miss  Elizabeth 5S2 

Defiarmo,  Charles 585 

Dunn,  Margaret  B 590,  594 

Disston,  Samuel 618 

Dungan,  Franklin  P 620 

Davis,  George  W 620 

Dobson,  Sallie 620 

D'Olier  Electric  Co 631 

Ely, John 10 

Esler,  Lewis  H 28 

Edmunds,  Henry  Reeves      94,  239,  310,  595,  609 

Ebert,  Charles 252 

Elkin,  Lewis 265 

Esray,  Louis  K.,  M.  D 266 

Easlburn,  Eliza  R 269 

Evans,  Mordecai  Dawson 278 

Ehrstein,  Arthur 278 

Emenecker,  Henry  J 294 

Eldridge,  James  H 303 

Engard,  L.  A 317 

Evans,  Mrs.  K.  C 421 

Engell,  Miss  Annie  G ....  421 

Elmes,  Miss  Cornelia  W 439,  594 

Elmes,  Miss  L.  D .    .  440 

Ely,  Oliver  P 453 

Egolf,  A.  L 457 

Erskine,  Miss  E.  L 480 


Ealer,  Miss  Mary  J.  D 

Evans,  Dr.  J.  Howard 

Evans,  Abel  J 531, 

Ervin,  William  E 

Everlj',  Adam 

Eisenhower,  Alfred  S 

Edmonds,  Franklin  S 

Epley,  Mrs.  Emma 

Erbe,  Thomas  J 

Eisenbrey,  Horatio  N 

Eberhardt,  John  J 

Eggleston,  Rufus  E 

Eldredge  &  Bro 

Fry,  William 

Ferguson,  Ebenezer   

Fisher,  William  W 

Fletcher,  Leonard  R 

Freeborn,  James 30,    179, 

Frost,  John,  Professor 

Frazer,  Professor 

Florence,  Thos.  B 

Fanshawe,  John  R 141, 

Fetter,  George  W 158,    165,   236,  535,  572, 

Fort,  John  Neill 

Fenimore,  Miss  Beulah  H 

Fletcher,  James  W 

Flood,  Samuel  F 

Forsyth,  James  McQ 

F"ermaiii,  Victor 

Ferry,  Susan  A 

Fitzgerald,  Thomas 

Findley,  Casper  W 

P'reeman,  Theodore  A 

Fitzpalrick,  Elizabeth  A 

Fagen,  William  H 

Fahy,  Thomas  J.    .        

Farran,  Stephen 

Fareira,  John 

Freeston,  Harry  F 

Fahy,  Thomas  A 

Frank,  John 

Farrand,  Harriet  E 

Fox,  Alice  G 

Fry,  John ■ 

Fleming,  Dr.  D.  W 

Farrand,  Miss  Margaret 

Farrand,  Emma  R 

Finletter,  Thomas  K.  .    .  

Ferguson,  Joseph  C 325,  358, 

Fiet,  Dr.  Harvey 

Foran,  John  J 

Frame,  Dr.  C.  A 

Flanagan,  Andrew 

Foulkrod,  John  J 

Finley,  Howard  E 

Foulkrod,  John 

Flitcraft,  William  H 

Fitz-Patrick,John 

Faunce,  Taylor ... 

Freed,  Miss  Caroline 

Flounders,  George  W .     465, 

Felton,  George  W.  B 

Fite,  Miss  Mary  

Ferry,  Thomas  A 


Page. 
510 
511 
535 
539 
575 
576 
586 
607 
620 
620 
620 
630 
642 

ID 
10 
16 
22 

277 
132 
133 

576 
595 
222 
227 
236 
236 
236 
239 
245 
252 

257 
257 
257 
266 
270 
278 
278 
282 
288 
294 
299 
299 
300 
300 
310 
310 
325 
572 
351 
373 
373 
373 
373 
389 
398 
398 
422 
422 
430 
599 
466 
480 
483 


660 


Page. 

Fite,  Joseph 4^3 

Fisher,  Dr.  Henry 492 

Freed,  Charles  G 509 

Furey,  Miss  Margaret 520 

Filbert,  Dr.  Ludwig  S 53^ 

Foster,  Strickland 53^ 

Furey,  John  S 546 

Fell,  D.  Newlin 572 

Forsythe,  James  M 572 

Fetterolf,  George  D 572 

Fetter,  Mrs.  George  W 582 

Falana,  Emanuel 620 

Fernberger,  Henry 620 

Friends'  Book  Association 624 

Gowen,  James 16 

Greaves,  Alexander 22,  236 

Gorgas,  Edward  W 22 

Gratz,  Simon 3°,  36,  39.  ''^5.  595,  610 

Gill,  William  B 34 

Gideon,  Edward 41,262,465,466,586,  601 

Gloninger,  John  Philip 82,  257 

Grace,  Thomas  A 9',  293 

Gaw,  James 125 

Green,  John  B 138,  300 

Greene,  William  Houston 140 

Graham,    Emily  L 165 

Gleeson,  John  M 222 

Gregg,  Julia  M 227 

George,  Henry 239 

Gore,  Joseph  M 2;9 

Gaw,  James  H 252 

Getzinger,  Charles  A 258 

Gieser,  Dr.  William  R 258 

Guy,  Elizabeth  W 261 

Gentry,  Thomas  G.,  Sc.  D 262 

Gillingham,  Catharine 269 

Griscom,  John  S 270 

Gilpin,  Hood 270 

Good,  J.  Lewis 270 

Gaston,  Lillie 281 

Gillespie,  Thomas  W 282 

Geary,  Edward 288 

Geissel,  C.  William 288 

Giles,  A.  S 300 

Glassen,  Richard 303 

Gordon,  James  Gay 303,  572 

Gillingham,  Miss 309 

Godshalk,  H.  S 310 

Gaskill,  Thomas  Elwood 313 

Graham,  Robert 326 

Gilbert,  Robert  B 326 

Gramlich,  Christian  F 326 

Gilbert,  Miss  Sarah  A 332 

Gilbert,  Daniel  K 335 

Grant,  Thomas 37° 

Gilbert,  Curtis 37o 

Garner,  Mary  F 37° 

Gill,  Harry 373 

Greenwood,  Daniel  R 398 

Garner,  Miss  Mary  F 405 

Gaskill,  Miss  Sue  A 406 

Graves,  Charles  E 409 

Gundaker,  Guy 439 

Ghriskey,  Dr.  Albert  A 443 


Page. 

Garber,  John  P. 453.  599 

Gordon,  D.  H 457 

Graham,  Walter    . 469 

Graham,  Richard   H 469 

Gwynn,  Francis 480 

Gabrylewitz,  Mary  N 491 

Gray,  William  H 498 

George,  Jesse ....  520 

Gerson,  Oscar 531 

Gilbert,  Charles 546 

Glenn,  John  F 549 

Griscom,  Clement  A 576 

Green,  John  P 576 

Grafly,  Daniel  W 578 

Geisler,  Mrs.,  M.  D *. 582 

Gates,  Dr.  Elmer 585 

Gillingham,  Mrs 597 

Garrett,  Philip  C 597 

Gallen,  John  P 620 

Goldsmith,  Charles 620 

Gillingham,  Charles  A 620 

Ginn  &  Co 626 

Gilbert  cSc  Bacon 632 

Gourley,  Samuel,  Jr 638 


Halliwell,  Henry  W 3,  121,  421, 

Hollingsworth,  T.  G 18,  22, 

Henszey,  George  P 

Herbert,  Henry 

Hutchinson,   Dr.  M.  P 

Haggenbothani,  May 

Haig,  George 35, 

Huey,  Samuel  Baird 39,  107,  141,  443, 

Hover,  Miss  Addie  S 

Hallowell,  Miss  Anna 61,  83,  194,  265, 

Hortz,  Philip  S 

Harrington,  Avery  D •    •    •  75, 

Hughes,  James       95, 

Hirst,  William  L 

Hubbert,  Harvey  H m, 

Hughes,  Thomas  A 

Hardin,  John  D 

Hammond,  Andrew  F 

Hoopes,  Lewis  P 

Hart, Johns i33,  i34, 

Hemphill,  Robert  J 

Haines,  William  C 138, 

Hilles,  Nathan 138, 

Hopper,  Zephaniah 138,  139,  269,  317,  578, 

Hartshorne,  Henry 

Howard,  Daniel  W.      ...       138,  572, 

Houston,  Edwin  James 140,  141,303, 

Houpt,  Mary  E 

Henderson,  Dr.  C.  Hanford 180, 

Hailman,  William  N 

Hunterson,  Anna  S 

Horstnian,  Rev.  Ignatius  F 

Harris,  C.  A ' 

Helmbold,  Mary  E.      ...       

Hasson,  Ella  F.    .    .    .       '    " 

Hazard,  Richard 

Harris,  Madison  R 

Hartman,  Charles  L 

Holzwonh,  George  W 

Harper,  Julia  B 


595 
137 


30 

33 
117 
610 

49 
597 

73 
610 
326 
102 
610 
121 
121 
121 
125 
137 
137 
358 
398 
607 
138 
578 
576 
157 
585 
205 
227 
239 
239 
245 
245 
246 

257 
258 
258 
261 


Pa.e. 

Howard,  Dr.  Edwin  Clarence 266 

Hastings,  Robert 266 

Hall,  Miss  Anna  H 269 

Hancock,  George 270 

Hunt,  Thomas  J 270 

Henry,  Dr.  J.  M 270 

Hutchinson,  dementia  F 277 

Hertz,  Emil  J 278 

Hallowell,  Martha  C 281 

Harper,  Robert 282 

Hart,  Charles 282 

Higgins,  Maria  L 287 

Hutchin,  Daniel  W 287,  587,  601 

Hinkle,  James  S 288 

Hanse,  Reuben  .        .« 288 

Horn,  George  H 293 

Halterman,  Frederick 293,  620 

Hay,  Peter 293 

Hogan,  Elizabeth 293 

Haussman,  Fred.  W 294 

Henzey,  Mrs.  Sarah  A 299 

Henzey,  Mrs.  Sarah  A 299 

Hicks,  Albert  M 300 

Huhz,  Ellsworth  H 300 

Henzey,  George 300 

Hanna,  William  B 303,  572 

Hart,  Charles  P 304 

Huttenlock,  Washington 304 

Hancock,  Joseph  M ...  310 

Hoffman,  Mr 310 

Harkman,  J.J 310 

Hayes,  Charles  G 318 

Hoffman,  Henry 318 

Hutchinson,  Mrs 326 

Hookey,  Joseph  C 326 

Harper,  John 351 

Hickok,  Henry  C 358 

Ho]gate,John 370 

Hoffman,  Joseph  H 370,  373 

Hunter,  William  H 370,  398 

Hill,  William  H 373 

Hart,  Levi  C 373 

Hughes,  Johnson 373 

Henry,  Ale.xander     397,  398 

Hubbs,  Paul  K 398 

Hammersley,  William 409 

Horter,  Lafayette 409 

Hamill,  Miss  Josephine 421 

Horn,  George  L 422 

Hampton,  Clarence 429 

Halpin,  P.  J 430 

Haviland,  Edward  W 453,  601 

Hall,  Miss  Annie  Bartram 469,  579,  620 

Hirst,  Margaret      480 

Hinds,  Miss  1 480 

Hellyer,  Dr.  Edwin 492 

Hirsch,  Abraham  L 498 

Hearder,  Emma  J 509 

Hall,  Elizabeth   L 509 

Heft,  Miss  Sarah 510 

Heft,  Miss  Kittie       510 

Husband,  John  J 511 

Heston,  Matilda 519 

Hoffman,  NorrisJ 520 

Hausman,   George 523 


Heilman,   E.  A 

Harrison,  Katharine  R.    . 

Hibbs,  Walter 

Hoag,  Charles 

Hollis,  William  H.  .  .  . 
Handy,  Edward  S.,  Jr.    . 

Hutton,  John  C 

Hewlett,  Robert  J.  .  .  . 
Hartshorn,  Dr.  Henry  . 
Harding,  George  .... 
Helrabold,  Alfred,  Jr.  .  . 
Henszey,  William  P.    .    . 

Harris,  Joseph  S 

Hartman,  Wencel  .... 
Hawkes,  George  Barclay 
Hopper,  Harry  Shelmire 
Halliwell,  Mrs.  Henry  W. 
Hunt,  Mis.  David  W.  .  . 
Hutchin,  Mrs.  D.  W.  .  . 
Hassenplug,  Miss  C.     .    . 

Holt,  Dr.J.  F 

Hall,  Annie  H 

Hall,  George  W 

Hall,  G.  Stanley     .... 

Harley,  Lewis  R 

Hand,  Miss  Matilda  .  .  . 
Hoffman,  Kate  W.  .  .  . 
Humphrey,  Lou  .... 
Hallowell,  James  S.  .    .    . 

Harper,  John  F 

Howell,  L.  O.,  Jr.      .    .    . 


580 


ngram,  Harlan  .  . 
reland,  William  F. 
vins,  Aaron  B.  .  . 
rwin,  Henry  .  .  . 
vins,  Aaron  .  .  . 
rvine,  William  B. 
rwin,  Sara  M.  .  . 
nman,  William  H. 


Page. 
531 

535 
535 
535 
536 
546 
549 
572 
575 
576 
576 
576 
576 
577 
578 
595 
582 
582 
582 
585 
594 
597 
597 
598 
599 
601 
601 
618 
620 
638 

•37 
'54 
281 
,  282 
310 
3K^ 
479 
620 


ustice,  George  M 

ones,  Nathan  L 

ohnson,  Henry  Clark 35.   140, 

enks,  A.  S 

ohnson,  Mary 

acobs,  Virginia  B 

ackson,  Washington  J 

ohnston,  Susan  D 

ennings.  Miss  C.  A.     See  Mrs.  C.  A.  Atwell 

ames,  Thomas 

ungmann,  Emil 

oerger,  George  W 

acobs,  Miss  Ella 

effries,  Mary  A 

ackson,  Julia  B 

ohnson,  Edwin  M 

oyce,  Charles   Henry 

ackson,  Dr.  John 

ones,  Nathan  L. ,  Sr 

ones,  Charles  Thomson 

ones,  A.  Elwood 

ones,  Leander  M 

arvis,  Davis 

ameson,  Dr.  William  B 


22 

574 
222 
227 

235 
236 

25 1 
265 

293 
294 
294 
300 
300 
300 
304 
304 
326 

373 
373 
373 
373 
389 
409 


Page. 

Jackson,  Edward  S 457 

Jones,  Annie  S 465.  4^9 

Jack,  John  J 483 

Jones,  Helen 491 

Jacobs,  VV^illiam  C 519.  535.  586,  599 

Johnson,  John  G 576 

Jenkins,  Theodore  F 576 

James,  Dr.  Bushrod  W 577 

Jenks,  John  Story 578 

Johnson,  Mrs.  B.  Frank 582 

James,  Dr.  Edmund  J 585,  597 

Janney,  Miss  S.  W 598 

Jagode,  Paul 620 

Jones,  VV'illiam  S 620 

Jarvis,  Thomas 620 

Jordan,  J.  H 644 

Keyser,  Peter 10 

Ketler,  Joseph 10 

Kirby,  Lydia  A 33.  55.  309.  579.  595 

Kavanagh,  Paul 36, 105,  140,  269,  594 

Kain,  Charles  Henry 57,  281,  599 

Kendall,  E.  Otis 132 

Kno.x,  John  C 137 

Kelley,  William  D 137 

Kirkpatrick,  James  A 138,  269 

Kern,  John 138 

Kern,  Robert 231 

Kennelly,  John  S.,  Jr 239 

Kingston,  Harry  T 239 

Kessler,  John  D 246 

Kimmell,  Louise 251 

Kennedy,  Thomas 258 

Krause,  Aaron  G 258 

Kellar,  Dr.  A.  P 258 

Kel'ogg,  F.  M 269 

Kneass,  Horn  R 270 

Kirkpatrick,  Isabella 277 

Kern,  Benjamin  F.    .    . 278 

Kline,  Nicholas  F 278 

Krouse,  William,  Jr 288 

Kuhn,  Carrie 293 

Kelley,  John  C 300 

Kinsey,  John  L 300 

Kersey,  John  J 310 

Kno.x,  Ellen 317 

Kinsloe,  S.  E.  B 34S,  535 

Kinsler,  William  D 386 

Keeler,  Miss  Maria  P 417 

Kater,  James 483 

Kerper,  Josiah 509 

Keer,  Miss  Mary  L 510 

Kaufmann,  Charles      .• 511 

Kunkle,  William  D 523 

Kirk,  Z.  T 539 

Kirkpatrick,  George  E 576 

King,  James  W 577 

Kendrick,  Mrs.  George  W.,  Jr 580,  595 

Kereven,  Miss 589 

Knorr,  Ellen  S 601 

Keating,  Thomas 618 

Keen,  Miss  Dora 620 

King,  William  R 620 

Kumpf,  William,  Jr 620 

Keystone  Plaster  Co 633 


Page. 

Knickerbocker  Lime  Co 640 

Lancaster,  Joseph 8,  153 

Leech,  Henry 21,  154 

Long,  James 29,  30 

Lukens,  William  H.  R 90,  288 

Lewis,    Edward 103,  179 

Loomis,  Elias 137 

Lujeane,  Romain 137 

Levick,  William  M 138 

Lacy,  Benjamin  Franklin 140 

Leland,  Charles  G 201 

Lindsay,  Louisa  J 227 

Lowery,  George  Nebinger 231 

Lauderbach,  H.  Y 236,  281 

Lipman,  Joseph  E 252 

LeFevre,  Charles  H 257 

LeCount,  Miss  Caroline  R 261 

Lippincott,  Mrs.  J.  Dundas 262 

Leiper,  Charles  L 266 

Long,  Sallie  A 269 

Ludlow,  Richard 278 

Lynch,  Alban  B 278 

Lewis,  Joseph  W 278 

Longstreth,  William  W 278 

Lacy,  Katharine  A 281 

Leeds,  William  R 282 

Lare,  George  S 288 

Lukens,  Rinaldo  Abram 288 

Lenahan,  Michael  J 288 

Ladner,  Albert  H 293 

Littleton,  William  E 293 

Locke,  Thomas  M 293 

Lit,  Samuel  D 300 

Laidlaw,  Alexander  H 303 

Love,  Alfred   H 303 

Longstreth,  Anna 313 

Lyle,  Miss  Annie 351 

Lodor,  Miss  Elizabeth 358 

Lehman,  Robert  J 358 

Levering,  William 369 

Levering,  Hannah 369 

Levering,  Anthony  D 373 

Lewis,  William  H 373 

Linton,  Josiah 373 

Levering,  Howard  M 2>12i 

Lee,  Edward  G 398 

Leaman,  Dr.  William  G 409 

Lever,  Miss 418 

Lower,  Frank 422 

Lamberton,  Miss  Mary  J 430,  590 

Leech,  Isaac 443 

Lawrence,  John  S 453,  480,  590,  594 

Lukens,  Ella  M 453,  590,  594 

Lane,  Dr.  Dudley  W 457 

Leonard,  James 466 

Linton,  Robert  M 498 

Linton,  Robert  A 511 

Laurence,  Benedict  T 523 

Lister,  Alfred  T 523 

Longaker,  Henry  S 531 

Lowery,  Miss  S.  A 546 

Latta,  James  W 572 

Lambert,  William  H 572 

Lewis,  John  F 574,  577 

6f3 


Page. 

Laird,  D.  D.,  Rev.  Samuel 574 

Lincoln,  Charles  S 575 

Lane,  David  H 576 

Long,  William  John 577 

Lautenbach,  Louis  J 578 

Lukens,  Mrs.  Chas.  M 579 

Long,  George  V.  Z 587 

Logan,  William  J 620 

Looney,  Wesley  A 620 

Murphy,  Joseph  D .^,77,  236,  239 

Millard,  Elizabeth 10 

Miller,  John 21 

Mercer,  George  P 22 

Manderson,  Andrew  H 22,  310 

Milligan,  Jas.,  Jr 29 

MacBride,  James  H 30,  325,  422 

MacAlister,  Dr.  James 33,  572,  597 

Morrison,  Andrew  J 33,  52,  370,  418,  576,  587 

Mackenzie,  Miss  Constance 34,  61 

Mattern,  Dr.  Wm.  K 35,  118,  563 

Mason,  William  Albert 60,  140 

Mackenzie,  Miss  Adele 61 

Mackenzie,  Dr.  Shelton  R 62 

Manning,  William  J 78,  246 

Morton,  Dr.  Thomas  G 87 

Merchant,  Thomas  E 98,  358,  610 

Morgan,  Chas.  E.,  Jr 100 

Marchment,  Thomas  W 104,  288,  423 

Mumford,  Mrs.  Mary  E 108 

Moore,  Henry 121 

Merchant,  Edward 121 

Mecutchen,  Samuel 132,  228,  572,  576 

Merrick,  S.  V 134 

Meyer,  Rev.  Philip  F 137 

Maguire,  Nicholas  H 137,  251,  303 

Miles,  James  L 141,  576 

Moyer,  John  W 180 

Molineaux,  William  S 222 

Muhly,  Conrad 222 

Minton,  Lidie 227 

Mann,  Dr.  Joseph  L 231 

Mullin,  Mary  T 245 

Maxwell,   Miss  Mary 245,  582,  593 

Mealey,   James 246 

Montgomery,  Richard 252 

Meany,  Edward  F 252 

Martin,  Henry  S 252 

Mongiven,  Thomas 252 

Mead,  Margaret  C 257 

Macfarlane,  Dr.  Andrew 257,  303 

Martin,  Agnes 261 

Mackenzie,  Adele  W 269 

Marshall,  Dr.  Clara 270 

Mitchell,  Dr.  S.  B.  Wylie 278 

Mitchell,  Miss  Jane 282 

Milligan,  Anna  Ashton 287 

Miller,  J.  Christian 288 

Muller,  Bernhard  G 288 

Marlin,  John  R 288 

Milligan,  Decatur 288 

Michaelsen,  Louis  C 288 

Maxwell,  John 294 

Moore,  Dr.  T.  Hampton 294 

Miller,  James  H 304 


Page. 

Matthews,  William 310 

Morris,  Thomas  S 318 

Mills,  Miss  Sarah 325 

MacAvoy,  Dr.  John 326 

Moffitt,  Dr.  William 326 

Mullen,  Charles  J 326 

Mooney,  James 335 

Michener,  H 348 

Miller,  William  F 351 

Milligan,  James 351 

Miller,  J.  Benjamin 351 

Myers,  M.  Webster 358 

Murphy,  Robert  T 369,  532 

Maris,  Matthias 370 

Morrison,  Miss  Margaret  M 370 

Moyer,  John  B ^-j^ 

Markle,  John ^j^ 

Murray,  John  H 373 

Middleton,  Oscar  Newton 389 

Meehan,  Thomas  .    .    .  • 389 

Michener,  Charles  F 417,  421 

Marsden,  Miss  Mattie 417 

Morris,  Lizzie 418 

Maxwell,  Miss 421 

Morrison,  Miss  Sallie 429 

Mulrenan,  John  J 430 

Marks,  J.  N 443 

Miller,  Dr.  John  S 469 

Murray,  John  M 479 

Milligan,  William  J 480 

Murray,  Dr.  Bayard 483 

MacBean,  John  P 492 

Moffett,  James,  Jr 511 

Michener,  Jesse  H • 519,  587 

Miller,  Anna  B 519 

Maguire,  William  F 523 

Mann,  Charles  A 523 

Martin,  William  F 523 

Mars,  Robert ■ 523 

Moran,  William  J 531,  535 

Marvin,  William  C 531 

Montanye,  Edward  Y 531 

Mills,  Jacob 532 

Martindale,  Dr.  Joseph  C 535 

Michener,  Elmer  E 535 

Milliken,  Rev.  Samuel  J 536 

Moore,  Davis 546 

MacDonald,  William 549 

Milligan,  John 549 

Moore,   D.  Edward 564 

Mann,  William  B 572 

Muckl6,  M.  Richards 572 

Mitchell,  James  T.  . 576 

Massey,  Jane   T 590 

Miller,  L.  W 598 

Miller,  Mary  A 601 

Macintosh,  Dr.  Wm 618 

Morris,    Wm.    H 618 

Meredith,   Edward 620 

Mitchell,  John  C 620 

Maxwell,  John 620 

Mohler,   Wm.   C 620 

Muth,   Arthur  A.  • 620 

Maier,   William 620 

Milligan,   Thomas 620 


664 


Page. 

Martin,    Dominick 620 

Manning,    Ach«son 620 

Maynard,  Merrill  &  Co 624 

Mount  Vernon  Institute 634 

McGowan,  Peter 10,  246 

McMichael,  Morton 16,  18,  28,  134,  137 

McClure,  Charles 21 

McCallister,  James  W.  T 22 

Mclntyre,  William no,  610 

McMurtrie,  Henry 133 

McClune,  James 138,  325  572 

McVickar,  Rev.  Wm.  N 141 

McMahon,  Thomas  F 231 

McGuire,  Elizabeth  A 235 

McManus,  Mrs.  Mary  A 235,  589 

McGucken,  James 239 

McCullen,  Michael  F 239 

McGettigan,  Mary  T 245 

McNeil,  Rose 245 

McKeown,  Lizzie 245 

Mclntire,  James 246 

McClellan,  General  George  B 251 

McGeoy,  Michael 252 

McDonou£:h,  Anna  J 261 

McGonegal,  Miss  Sarah 269 

McCormick,  Miss  Anna  1 270 

McNichol,  James  Frederick 282 

McCalla,  Edwin 293 

McAdam,  Dr.  Alex.  H 293 

McClure,  Mabel 299 

McAnirland,  James 313 

McBride,  William 318 

McManes,  James 326 

McLaughlin,  William  H 331 

McLaughlin,  Robert  J 347,  590 

McKinney,  Miss  Anna  J 347 

McNeil,  John 389 

McCullough,  Thomas 409 

McGowan,  E.  L 418 

McGowan,  James 422 

McCoy,  Robert 422 

McFadden,  Robert 430 

McLeod,  George  1 443 

McGonigle,  D.  B 457 

McAlpine,  Miss 483 

McAlpine,  Martha 491 

McCoy,  Miss  Elizabeth 520 

McFarland,  William  F 536 

McConnell,  Miss  Mary 545,  549 

McCaughey,  John  A 549 

McCracken,  James 549 

McKean,  William  V 572 

McCarthy,  Henry  J 576 

McCartney,  James  S 577 

McCleary,  Alex.  J 577 

McLoughlin,  Miss  E.  V 582 

McDowell,  Theodore  L 587 

McHenry,  Joseph  A 620 

McReynolds,  Samuel 620 

McVey,  John  Joseph 626 

McCarron,  John 638 

McManus,  M 640 

McCaul,  Charles 641 


Page. 

Norris,  Charles 16 

Nebinger,   Dr.  Andrew 30,  228 

Nathans,  Nathan 137 

Norris,  Isaac 138 

Naglee,  William  P 222 

Nebinger,  Dr.  Robert  .    .     ■ 228 

Nebinger,  Dr.  George  W 22& 

North,  Alonzo 231 

Nagle,  Mary 235 

Nicholson,  Zella  R 245 

Nolan,  James 258 

Neely,  Rev.  T.  B 270 

North,  Col.  George  H 270 

Newland,  Francis 278 

Nagle,  Charles 294 

Nichols,  Edward 304 

Noon,  Edward  F 318 

Nutter,  Henry  P 469 

Nellins,  George  F ...  483 

Newhouse,  M.  Eliza     497 

Noon,  Thomas 511 

Neville,  John 535 

Neel,  Dr.  H.  A.  P 539 

Neal,  Harry  L 576 

Naulty,  Charles  W 620 

Oakford,John 16 

O'Donnell,  Emilie 245 

Ogden,  John  M.  .           303. 

Ouram,  Dr.  Charles 31J 

Obermiller,    Lewis 318- 

Olwine,  Samuel  N 422 

Ortlipp,    1 440 

Overn,  Sarah  J 465 

Ott,  Dr.  Lambert 469 

O'Neill,  M.  Henry 523 

O'Keefe,  John  C 549 

Ogden,   John   L 576 

Ordway,  John  M 597 

Ogden,  Robert  C 598^ 

Oughton,  John .  618 

Olcott,  John   M 624. 

Proudfit,  Jane 10 

Parker,  Alexander 16 

Porter,  Governor 21 

Parsons.  A.  V 21,  134 

Peters,  James 22,  137 

Pollock,  William  J 29,    109,  483. 

Pennypacker,  Samuel  W 108 

Peale,  Professor 133, 

Patterson,  R.  M 134 

Potter,  Bishop 137 

Pattison,  Robert  E 141,    257,  577 

Peterson,  John  H 222- 

Phillips,  David 231 

Patrick,  Joseph 235 

Peirce,  Thomas  May 236,    303  576' 

Parker,  William  Henry 245,  594. 

Patterson,  Susan  E 257 

Parke,  Margaret  J 257 

Pryor,  Frank  J.,  Jr 266 

Price,  William  P 266 

Page,  Dr.  Charles  Alfred 282 

Paul,  Bettle 293. 


665 


Page. 

Paist,  Dr.  H.  C 300 

Potter,  Thomas 3'° 

Parker,  Melville  B 313 

Plotts,  Conley      325 

Pollock,  James 326 

Paist,  Robert  M 335 

Peacock,  Dr.  William 351 

Payne,  Henry  C 385 

Pollock,  George  J 430 

Pentridge,  Miss 443 

Piper,  Miss  Virginia  C 465,  579,  590 

Peirce,  Moses     480 

Prettyman,  Miss 480 

Pearce,  Albert 492 

Piltman,  Miss  Jennie 509 

Potter,  Miss  Kate 509 

Passmore,  Mrs.  Susan 510 

Prince,  Linnaeus  A 523 

Pavitt,  William  H 523 

Parry,  Samuel  D 531 

Payne,  Henry  C 535 

Pancoast,  Charles  K 536 

Pilkinglon,  Sarah  J 563 

Pattison,  Robct  E 572,  59S 

Pepper,  William 572 

Peltz,  Richard 576 

Pritrhard,  Miss  Margaret  S 580,  587 

Patton,  Simon  N 585 

Pendleton,  Miss  Charlotte 597 

Park,  Enoch  D 620 

Patterson,  William  J 620 

Poulson,  Andrew  R 634 

Pennsylvania  Gas  Fixture  Co 636 

Parkview  Publishing  Co 639 

Philadelphia  Institute 643 

Pierson,  Charles  L 643 

Phillips  &  Moon 642 

Peterson  &  Co.,  E.  H 644 

Quirk,  Michael 398 

Reed,  Joseph 10 

Ronaldson,  James 10 

Roberts,  Spencer 22 

Reed,  William  J 22 

Rhoads,  Joseph  R 34,  114,  520 

Rorke,  Allen  B 38 

Robinson,  Thomas  A 89 

Roese,  Frederick  A 134 

Rhoads,  James 138,  281,  520 

Riche,  George  Inman 138,  269,  576,  589 

Russell,  Miss  Jennie 227,  590 

Ritchie,  Mrs.  Josephine 228,  582 

Reade,  John  Augustus 231 

Ricketts,  Gustavus  A 231 

Remig,  Dr.  John  H 239 

Rosenthal,  Dr.  David  A 239 

Reed,  Jacob 252 

Ray,   Samuel 252,  620 

Randall,  Samuel  J 257 

Rawlins,  Sarah  S 261 

Russell,  James  Alexander 266 

Robinson,    Margaret 277 

Rovoudt,  Peter 293 

Reakhart,  Joseph 293 


Pag-. 

Rot  her,  Oscar  E 294 

Rockenburg,  George 300 

Randall,  Charles  A 303,  590,  594 

Ridge,  Louis  A 309 

Rainier,  Mary  S 317 

Ruhl,  George  W 318 

Robertson,  Dr.  William  Egbert 318 

Robinson,  Joseph 325 

Roney,  William  J 326,  576 

Roney, Johnson  326 

Rowland,  Henry  V 335 

Ridgway,  Walter  S '    .  361 

Righter,  John 370 

Ring,  William 373 

Ryan,  Isaiah    T 373 

Rowland,  Harvey,  Jr 398 

Rowland,  Dr.  A.  H.  C 409 

Rowan,  W.  EUwood 443 

Roach,  Dr.  Walter  W 469 

Russell,  Joshua 483 

Rogers,  William 492 

Ross,  David  H 492 

Rodgers,  Dr.  Robert 511 

Ruch,  George  W 511 

Rickards,  George 511 

Riehl,  Martin  M 511 

Rittenhouse,  Charles 511 

Ranier,  Charles  H 535 

Rhawn,  William  H 536 

Ryerss,  Robert  W 536 

Rowland,  Horace  B 539 

Rogers,  William  J 546 

Russell,  Joseph 549 

Reiff,  Jacob  W 564 

Roat,  H.  L 564 

Rambo,  Ormond 564 

Ridgway,  John  J 575 

Rex,  Walter  E 576 

Remington,  Mrs.    Isaac 582 

Ryan,  Amelia  M 594 

Rawle,  Francis 598 

Rupp,  George  P 609 

Ramsey,  William   H 620 

Ross,    H.    H 620 

Riley,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 620 

Ruhl,  William  P 620 

Ritter,  Morris  H 620 

Ranck,  John  W 620 

Rambo,  Ormond 620 

Roberts,   Henry  R 640 

Stewardson,  Thomas 10 

Steele,  John 16 

Stevens,  Thaddeus 17 

Sickles,   William  H 22 

Sutter,  Charles  J 22 

Shippen,  Edward 22,  24,  25,  299,  572 

Stanton,  M.  Hall 28,  30,  282,  293,  454 

Steel,   Edward  T 30,  145,  373 

Sickel,  James  F.  C 33.41,53.44°,  535 

Sheppard,  Isaac  A 34.  36,  39,  141,  179,  317 

Shallcross,  Thomas 34,  ii5,  539 

Stevens,  John  S 38 

Spangler,  Andrew  M 38,  93,  179 

Singer,  Edgar  Arthur 41,56,421,549,  586 


6b(> 


Page. 

Shock,  George  VV 4'.  236 

Schaefter,  Dr.  Nathan  C 63,  585 

Stille,  Dr.  Charles  J loi 

Saxton,  Joseph 1,32 

Shaw,   Professor 133 

Sanderson,  Professor 133 

Scheide,   Samuel 138 

Siuart,  George 138 

Smyth,  Albert  Henry 140 

Sa>  re,  William    L 179,  183,  185,576,  587 

Swarlz,  Martha 227 

Smith,  A.  Thomas 228 

Schall,  John    W 231 

Simon,  \V.  P 239 

Sleen,  Margaret  T 245 

Seary,  William  Notson 246 

Smyth,  Thomas,  Jr 246 

Snyder,  John  F 246 

Sayre,  Alfred  V 251 

Shc-dden,  Jolin 257 

Sheeran,  Frank  P 258 

Sidle,  John  P 258 

Sage,  Amelia 261 

Sellers,  Edwin  Jaquett 266 

Shedaker,  Strickland  Kneass 266 

Stirling,  William 269 

Scott,  Miss  S.  Matilda 269 

Schiedt,  John  F 170 

Smith,  Miss  Lydia  C 277 

Steinmetz,   Ur.   Daniel 278 

Stewart,  Dr.  William  S 278 

Smith,  Dr.  Jos.   R 278 

Smith,  Theodore 278 

Struthers,  Miss  Margaret 281 

Shembs,  Dr.  John 282 

Schlaefer,    Peter 288 

Saunders,  Macphtrson 293 

Sutter,  Charles 293 

Stokes,  Elizabeth 293 

Schadt,  Oliver  G.  J 294 

Schmidt,  Frederick  A 294 

Stephens,  Dr.  William  S 299 

Stirling,  William 299 

Smith,  H.    R 299 

Stager,  Henry  John 300 

Smith,  Dr.  E.  L 300 

Sayre,  George  M 303 

Stout,  George  H 303,  418,  439,  587,  601 

Stuart,   George  H 303 

Schmitt,  Peter 304 

Swift,  Edward  F 304 

Shock,  George  W 309 

Snyder,    Miss      310 

Seeler,   E.   V 313 

Sinexson,  Dr.  Justus 313 

Sturgis,  George  F 313 

Sickel,  J.  Fletcher 317 

Steigerwald,  A.  S 318 

Sharp,  M.  P 325 

Schmidt,  William 326 

Spiel,  George  Q 326 

Steif,  Andrew  J 326 

Sidebotham,  Dr.  H.  L 335 

Shoyer,  Fred'kJ 351 

Smith,  Henry  W 351 


Page. 

Sawyer,  Mrs.  Llewellyn  A 361 

Smith,  David  Simpson 361 

Satterson,  James 370 

Stott,  Miss  Eliza  E 370 

Schofield,  Benjamin 373 

Singer,  Charles  A 397,  535 

Shearer,  Jacob 398 

Smedley,  Franklin 398 

Shallcross,  John 398 

Sides,  Jacob  H 405,  601 

Scull,  Charles  Francis 409 

Smith,  Eugene 418 

Sterne,  Miss 421 

Spallen,  Miss  Anna  M 421 

Simmons,  John 430 

Stull,  A.  Frank 430 

Steinmetz,  Daniel 443 

Smith,  William  M 443,  574 

Stryker,  Samuel  S 443 

Stovell,  James  A 443 

Stout,  David  H 454,  563,  587,  601 

Sherlock,  Hamilton  W 457 

Stuckey,  William  A 457 

Sites,  J.J 457 

Shourds,  David  H 469 

Snodgrass,  Miss  M.  E 480 

Samuel,  Dr.  William  H.,  A.  M.  Ph.  D.  .    .     491,  590,  577,  593 

Simpson,  Sallie  F 491 

Smith,  Oscar  E 492 

Snuillen,  Cornelius 492 

Saul,  Charles  G 498 

Spratt,  William 498 

Sweeton,  Isaac 498 

Suplee,  Mary  F 519 

Strode,  Jacob  C 523 

Swift,  Robert  G 531 

Smith,  M.  C 531 

Shallcross,  Charles 532 

Smith,  Joshua  B 535 

Sibbald,  Dr.  John 536 

Shallcross,  Frank 539 

Singley,  Charles 549 

Shisler,  Joseph 549 

Siddons,  Lottie  K 549 

Smith,  James  W 549 

Stevens,  Kate  E 563 

Schlect,  Olivia 563 

Sensor,  Susan  E 563 

Spencer,  William  D 564 

Shock,  C.J 564 

Siegener,  William  F 564 

Snowden,  George  R 572 

Staake,  William  H 574 

Sellers,  David  W 576 

Sensenderfer,  John  P.  J 576 

Singerly,  William  M 577 

Singer,  Jacob ^^g 

Schober,  Frederick 578 

Symonds,  Mrs.  T.  H 579 

Sartain,  Miss  Emily 580 

Saul,  Mrs.  C.  G 582 

Stout,  Mrs.  George  H 582 

Skidmore,  Sydney  T 586 

Shallcross,  Elizabeth  B 594 

Struthers,  Margaret  W 601 


667 


Page. 

Steele,  William 6i8 

Severn,  Thomas  Y 6i8 

Stuart,  George 6i8 

Smurth,  William  L 620 

Steinbach,  George  W 620 

Severs,  B.  F 620 

Stone,  David  Hanly     620 

Stirling,  Archibald 620 

Suplee,  Jonas 620 

Security  Trust 62S 

Sharpless  &  Watts 628 

Sturts,  Ernest  H 634 

Stewart,  George  W 636 

Schrack  &  Sherwood 636 

Silver,  Burdett  &  Co 639 

Shappell,  J.  M 640 

School  Supply  Publishing  Co 644 

Taylor,    Moses 10 

Thomas,  Jonathan    .    .    .    .  • 16 

Thomas,   Evan   W.,  Jr 16 

Thomas,  Joseph  T 22 

Taylor,  Samuel 22,  288 

Taylor,  Franklin 139 

Thompson,  Robert  Ellis  .    .    .    .141,    149,   303,  326,    585,  597 

Tadd,  J.  Liberty 206,  209 

Toland,  Andrew  J 222 

Trainer,  Henry  J 239 

Turnbull,  Dr.  Charles  S 270 

Thomas,  Joel 278 

Talmage,    Rev.    T.    DeWitt 299 

Thompson,  Elihu 303,  576 

Tuttle,  John  Baker 335 

Thomas,  J.  Morton 357,  601 

Thomas,  Mrs.  Emma  V 369.  370,  586,  599 

Trites,   Dr.    David   T 7,77, 

Thomas,  John  J 2)73 

Topham,   Charles  H 389 

Thomas,  A.    B 469 

Thomas,  M.  Louise 532 

Tomlinson,  Isaac 539 

Tomlinson,  Augusta  T 539 

Toms,  William 549 

Thomas,    Laura  S 563 

Teller,  Benjamin  F 572 

Townsend,  George  Alfred 573 

Tait,  Miss  Elizabeth  S 579,  590 

Taylor,  Dr.  J.  Madison 585 

Todd,  M.  Anna 590 

The  Pancoast  Ventilator  Co 635 

Teacher,  The 637 

Thompson  Brothers 643 

Upperman,  Charles  A 335 

Uhler,  Dr.  H.  N t,72, 

United  Firemen's  Insurance 628 

Vaux,  Roberts 9,  10,  14,  15,  16 

Van  Kirk,  Mrs.  M.  L 62 

Vanfleet,  Charles  H 118,  564 

Vogdes,  William 132 

Vau.x,  Richard 134,  257 

Vogdes,  Edward  W 138 

Vankirk,  Jos.  B 304 

Van  Houten,  George  J 443 

Veditz,  William 620 


Page. 

Woelpper,  David 10 

Wilson,  Maria 10 

Watson,  Samuel  F 10 

Warner,  Joseph 16 

Williams,  Anna  Maria      16 

Wharton,  George  M 21,  22,  137 

Warren,  Benjamin  F 22 

Warthman,  Samuel  S 22 

Widener,  Peter  A.  B 29,  466 

Whitney,  James  S 30,  179 

Wright,  Richardson  L 30,  loi,  179,  269,  398,  6ro 

Watts,  D.  H 38 

Wright,  Miss  Mary 58,  310 

Williams,  Anna  VV 62 

Williams,  Dr.  Martin  Henry 92,  300 

Wilson,  Dr.  Matthew  J 97,  351 

Walton,  Rudolph  S 99,  373,  610 

Wrigley,  William 112,  510 

Wines,  Enoch     132 

Wilson,  Joseph  W 138 

Willis,  Henry 140 

Wright,  Dr.  A.  T.  W 154,  325 

Wight,  Dr.  John  G 165,  175 

Wilson,  Miss  Anna 227 

Welsh,  William  L 227 

Watson,  Samuel  F 227,  235 

Welsh,  William 231 

Welsh,  Charles 236 

Wright,  Isaac 246 

Wells,  Dr.  William  H 252 

Widmayer,  C.  Augustus     257 

Wright,  Elizabeth  .    .        257 

White,  Grace 257 

Wood,  William  Wallace     261,  281 

Warwick,  Charles  F 269,  277,  498 

Whittington,  Henry  B 277,  549 

Wadsworth,  Edward  D 278 

Warg,  Dr.  Edwin  C 282 

Willard,  Mary  S 287 

Wagner,  Charles  M 293 

Watson,  James  S 293 

Warner,  Henry 299 

Wright,  Rebecca  S 299 

Wright,  Miss  Daisy  T 299 

Watson,  James  V 300 

Watson,  Brock 300 

Wolfe,  James  H 300 

Warner,  Henry 300 

Weaver,  George  Warren 304 

White,  Jacob  C,  Jr 304 

Wolf,  Miss  Sarah  E 310 

Wood,  Thomas 310,  313 

Whitney,  James  S 310 

Woodruff,  J.  Addison 313 

Weigner,  Miss  Emeline 326 

Wignall,  Charles  F 335 

Watson,  Marmaduke 348,  418 

Walter,  William  H 351 

Walton,  Harrison 357 

Walton,  Harrison 358 

Wood,  Andrew 370 

Wood,  Elizabeth 370 

Worrell,  Miss  Catharine 370 

Winpenny,  James  B 373 

Wilhere,  Maurice  F 373 


668 


Page. 

Willard,  James  Monroe 386,  587 

Warner,  John  S 389 

Wood,  Samuel 389 

Wilmot,  David 398 

Wakeling,  Samuel 398 

Wilson,  Theodore  M 398 

Wilson,  Miss  Sarah  H 406 

Wimer,  Millard   D 409 

Worrell,   T.  Worcester 418,  532 

Wilson,  George  F 421 

Webster,  Albert 422 

Wagner,  Frederick  M 422 

Widener,  Henry  B 430 

Wilson,  Alexander 440 

Warren,  B.  F 443 

Wacker,  Jacob  Frederick,  Jr 469 

Woodnutt,  Clement  A 469 

Wallace,  Mary  A 479,  590 

Warwick,  Julia 480 

Watson,  T.  C 480 

Wallace,  Andrew  B 483 

Wheeler,  George 497 

Woodruff,  Henrietta 510 

Woodin,  Percival  S 531 

Wright,  Dr.  R.  J 532 

Weaver,  Dr.  Chandler 536 

Waterman,  Humphrey  J 539 

Wilson,  William  Bender 539 

Williamson,  Lurana  J 545 

Wallace,  Lillie 545 

Whittingham,  Alexander  J 549 

Walker,  Charles 564 

Wagner,  General  Louis 572 


Page. 

Woodruff,  Clinton  Rogers     575 

Wahl,  William  H 576 

Winslow,  Stephen  N 577 

White,  Stephen  W 578 

Webb,  Miss  Anna  C 579 

Wilson,  Mrs.  L.  L.  W 582,  586 

Witmer,    Dr.  Lightner 585 

VV'allace,  Miss  Lillian 586,  599 

Wiltbank,  William  W 597 

Whitney,  Joseph  S 597 

Wasserman,  Miss  H.  C 599 

Wolfe,  James  H 620 

Willaredt,  Herman 620 

Weaver,  William  W 620 

Winter,  Henry 620 

Wright,  Julian  P 620 

Worman,  George  W 620 

Wisler  &  Son,  L  H 623 

Whiting  Paper  Company 642 

Young,  John  L 278 

Young,  Mahlon  D 278 

Yeager,  George 309 

Young,  John  Russell 325 

Young,  James  H 469 

Yearsley,  John  H 469 

Young,  Joseph  E 483 

Yerkes,  W.    Austin 536 

Young,  William  L 564 

Zeigler,  George  K 293 

Zeigler,  Dr.  W.  M.  L 469 

Zeigler,  G.  W 620 


669 


Index — Illustrations,  School  Buildings 
and  School  Rooms 


Page. 

Inside  View  of  a  Lancasterian  School  Room 8 

Liincasterian  School  Room,  Inside  View 8 

Model  School 1 1 

Chester  Street  School 1 1 

Old  Central  High  School,  Juniper  and  Market  Streets  .  19 

Athenaeum  Building 3" 

Office  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education 69 

Board  of  Public  Education  Building 69 

Zane  Street  School  Building 69 

Seal  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education 119 

Central  High  School,  S.  E.  cor.  Broad  and  Green  Streets  135 
Central  High  School  (New;,  S.  W.  cor.  Broad  and  Green 

Streets 143 

Girls'    High   School,  Seventeenth   and   Spring   Garden 

Streets 151 

Girls'  Normal  School,  Sergeant  Street  above  Ninth  .    .  155 

Teachers'  Institute,  Sergeant  Street  above  Ninth  .  .  .  155 
Girls'  (New)  Normal  School,  N.W.  cor.  Thirteenth  and 

Spring  Garden  Streets 159 

Girls'  (New)  Normal  School,  N.  W.  cor.  Thirteenth  and 

Spring  Garden  Streets,  Assembly  Room 163 

Assembly  Room,  Girls'  (New)  Normal  School 163 

Biological  Room,  Girls'  (New)  Normal  School  .    .       .    .  167 

Girls'  (New)  Normal  School,  Biological  Room 167 

Gymnasium    in    Girls'    High    School,  Seventeenth  and 

Spring  Garden  Streets 171 

Gills'    High   School,  Seventeenth   and   Spring   Garden 

Streets,  Gymnasium 171 

Central  Manual  Training  School 177 

Northeast  Manual  Training  School 181 

James  Forten  Elementary  Manual  Training  School  .  .  .  191 
James  Forten  Elementary  Manual  Training  School,  Kin- 
dergarten  Department 195 

James    Forten    Elementary   Manual   Training  School, 

Wood-working  Department 199 

Wood-working  Department,  James  Forten  Elementary 

Manual  Training  School 199 

Industrial  Art  School 203 

Industrial  Art  School,  Clay  Modeling 207 

Clay  Modeling,  Industrial  Art  School 207 

Blackboard  Drawing,  Teachers'  Classes,  Industrial  Art 

School 211 

Industrial    Art   School,  Teachers'  Classes,  Blackboard 

Drawing 211 

Industrial    Art    School,    Teachers'    Classes,    Freehand 

Blackboard  Drawing 213 

Blackboard     Drawing,    Teachers'     Classes,    Freehand 

Blackboard  Drawing 213 

John  H.  Taggart  School 219 

William  Welsh  School      223 

671 


Page. 

Weccacoe  School 225 

Wharton  School 229 

John  Stockdale  School 233 

Mount  Vernon  School 237 

Beck  School 241 

Thomas  B.  Florence  School 243 

Ringgold  School 2.^7 

William  M.  Meredith  School 249 

Horace  Binney  School 253 

George  M.  Wharton  School 255 

Northeastern  School 259 

U.  S.  (irant  School 263 

Octavius  V.  Catto  School 267 

James  A.  (iarfield  School 271 

Hollingsworth  School 273 

Locust  Street  School 275 

Keystone  School 279 

Northwestern  School 283 

John  Agnew  School 285 

Northern  Liberties  School 289 

Beideman  School 291 

Mifflin  School 295 

E.  M.  Paxson  School 297 

Wyoming  School 301 

Hancock  School 305 

Roberts  Vaux  School 307 

Monroe  School  (now  Roberts  Vaux  School)    ......  307 

Lincoln  School 311 

Thaddeus  Stevens  School 315 

Jefferson   School 319 

Landenberger  School 321 

William  A.  Lee  School ■ 323 

John  Moffett  School 327 

John  Moffett  School,  Interior  View 329 

Vaughan   School    3^3 

Alexander  Adaire  School ...  337 

Alexander  Adaire  School,  Interior  View 339 

Alexander  Adaire  School,  Interior  View 341 

Chandler  School 343 

S.  A.  Douglass  School .    .  345 

Douglass  School 345 

John  Welsh  School 349 

William  F.  Miller  School 353 

William  H.  Hunter  School 355 

Park  Avenue  School 359 

James  Lynd  School 363 

Daniel  Webster  School 365 

Rutledge  School 367 

Levering  School,  Front  View 371 

Levering  School,  Rear  View 375 


Page. 

Levering  School,  Interior  View 377 

Levering  School,  Hallway 379 

Manayunk  School 381 

Fairview  School 383 

Germantown  School 387 

C.  W.  Schaeffer  School 391 

A.  G.  Curtin  School 393 

Coulter  Street  Secondary  School,  Blackboard  Exercises  .  395 

Blackboard  Exercises,  Coulter  Street  Secondary  School  .  395 

Marshall  School 399 

Alexander  Henry  School 401 

Henry  Herbert  School       403 

E.  Spencer  Miller  School 407 

Belmont  School 411 

Morton  McMichael  School 413 

Haverford  School 415 

John  H.  Webster  School 419 

Henry  W.  Halliwell  School 423 

George  B.  McClellan  School 425 

Barton  School 427 

George  VV.  Childs  School 431 

Francis  M.  Drexel  School 433 

Francis  M.  Drexel  School,  Interior  View     435 

Jackson  School 437 

Newton  School  (Boys) 441 

Newton  School  (Girls) 445 

Paschalville  School 447 

Woodland  Avenue  School 449 

Newton  School,  Primary 451 

Forest  School 455 

Glenwood  School 459 

M.  Hall  Stanton  School 461 

Kenderton  School 463 

George  G.  Meade  School 467 

William  D.  Kelley  School 471 

Elisha  Kent  Kane  School 473 

Edward  Gratz  School 475 

Reynolds  School   . 477 

E.  M.  Stanton  School 481 

Chester  A.  Arthur  School 485 


Page. 

William  S.  Peirce  School 487 

A.  G.  Curtin  School 489 

John  S.  Hart  School 493 

Henry  Armitt  Brown  School 495 

James  L.  Claghorn  School 499 

Joseph  Singerly  School 501 

James  G.  Blaine  School 503 

Camac  School 505 

Thomas  H.  Powers  School 507 

Thomas  Potter  School 513 

Asa  Packer  School 515 

William  Cramp  School 517 

NorrisJ.  Hoffman  School  .    .       521 

Martha  Washington  School 525 

Jesse  George  School .  527 

Heston  School 529 

Henry  Disston  School .    .  533 

Octagon  School 537 

Joseph  Brown  School 541 

Watson  Comly  School 543 

James  Logan  School       547 

Gustavus  A.  Benson  School 551 

Gustavus  A.  Benson  Kindergarten  School 553 


Landreth  School 


555 


Delaplaine  McDaniel  School 557 


Girard  School 


559 


Franklin  School , 561 

Cambria  School 565 

Oakdale  School 567 

Teachers'  Institute 591 

Philadelphia  Public  Library  No.  i  .  611 

Free  Library,  Branch  No.  i       611 


I.  H.  Wisler  &  Son 623 

Friends'  Book  Association 624 

American  Book  Co.  .    .  625 

Keystone  Plaster  Co 633 

McCaul,  Charles 641 

Burk  &  McFetridge  Co 645 


^72 


Index — Portraits 


Adaire,  Alexander 96 

Anshutz,  Joseph  W 

Austin,  Joseph  D 

Atwell,  Mrs.  C.  A 

Abrahams,  Alexander 

Allen,  Miss  Selena 

Arnhold,  William  H 

Axe,  William  Wells 

Allen,  Thomas  R 

Abbot,  Charles  F'rederick 

Allen,  Abraham  L 


Brooks,  Dr.  Edward 

Beale,  Albert  B 

Bache,  Alexander  Dallas 

Begley,  Mrs.  Helen  B 

Boyd, Joseph  George    

Baer,  David  R 

Buck,  William  H 

Berger,  Thomas  Elliott 

Bland,  George  P 

Brelsford,  Charles  H 497, 

Brown,  William  W 

Baillie,  Miss   Elizabeth 

Biddle,  Charles 

Burns,  David  R > 

Boswell.  William  R 

Briggs,  A.  J 


Campbell,  John  Marie 

Cook, J.  H 

Cassell,  John  D.    .    .    . .    . 

Campbell,  Hon.  Jatnes 

Cregar,  Philip  A 

Cliff,  George   H 174, 

Crawford,  Lieut.   Robert 

Cornman,  Oliver  P 

Carson,  William  H 

Cozens,  Smith  D 

Cordery,  Miss  Deborah  L 

Clarke,  Charles  H 

Caskey,  William  J 453, 

Caskey,  Miss  Elizabeth 497, 

Colladay,  Charles  M 

Comly,  Watson  . 

Cornell,   Watson 


Dick,  William  .  . 
Drake,  L.  E.  .  .  . 
Duling,  Thomas  F. 


Page. 
605 
127 
127 
266 
304 
347 
386 
398 
430 
454 
498 

50 
119 
'32 
236 
252 
325 
358 
430 
440 
586 
497 
532 
574 
627 
628 
642 

80 
127 
127 
154 
'57 
5«5 
'79 
281 
310 
310 

358 
406 

594 
590 
509 
535 
546 

119 

"9 
222 


Duiiton,  Miss  Rosalie  J. 
Durham,  Thomas  .    . 
Davis,  Samuel  B.  .    .    . 


Edmunds,  Henry  Reeves        94, 

Evans,  Mordecai  Dawson 

Elmes,  Miss  Cornelia  W 439, 

Ervin,  William  E 

Estabrook,  Mrs.  fi.   L 

Epley,  Mrs.  Emma 


Fetter,  George  VV^ 
Fox,  Hannah  A.  . 
Freeborn,  James  . 
Freeston,  Harry  F. 
Fanshawe,  John  K. 


Page. 
■  251 
.  265 
.     282 

610 
278 

593 
536 
58' 
607 

'58 
193 
278 
282 
572 


Gloninger,  John  Philip 

Gratz,  Simon 

Grace,  Thomas  A 

Gaw,  James    / 

Gentry,  Thomr.s  G,  So.  D 

Gilpin,  Hood 

Good,  J.  Lewis 

Gaskill,  Thomas  E^lwood    ...  

Gideon,  Edward 465,  587, 

Hover,  Miss  Addie  S .    . 

Hortz,  Philip  S 

Harrington,  Avery  D 

Hallowell,  Miss  Anna 

Hughes,  James 

Huey,  Samuel  Bairtl 

Hubbert,  Harvey  H 

Haig,  George 

Halliwell,  Henry  W.    .    . 

Hughes,  Thomas  A 

Hardin,  John  D 

Hammond,  Andrew  F.    . 

Humphries,  Lena  A 

Hoopes,  Lewis  P 

Hart,  John  S 

Hopper,  Zephaniah 

Hutchin,  Daniel  W.  .    .    .  

Hughes,  James 

Haines,  William  C 

Hart,  Levi  C 

Henry,  Alexander 

Hamill,  Miss  Josephine   . 

Horn,  George  L 


'39. 


85 
91 
127 
262 
270 
270 

313 
601 

49 

T6 

75 

83 

95 

107 

III 

117 

119 

123 

'23 
123 
123 
127 

133 
607 
288 
326 
357 
373 
397 
417 
421 


673 


Page. 

Hausmaii,   George 520 

Hawkes,  fieorge  Barclay 573 

Howard,  Daniel  W 575 

Houston,  Edwin  James 57^ 

Hopper,  Harry  Shelmire 577 

Halliwell.  Mrs.  Henry  W 579 

Hutchin,  Mrs.  D.  W 5^2 

Johnson,  Henry  Clark 140 

Jacobs,  Miss  Ella 299 

Johnson,  Mrs.  B.  Frank 581 

Kirby,  Miss  Lydia  A 55 

Kain,  Charles  Henry 57.  599 

Kavanagh,    Paul 105 

Kingston,  Harry  T . 239 

Kendrick,  Mrs.  CJeorge  \V.,Jr 579 

Lukens,  William  H.  R 90 

Lewis,  Edward 103 

I-owery,  C.eorge  N 231 

Lukens,  Rinaldo  Abratn  .           287 

Lamberton,  Miss  Mary  J 429 

Lawrence,  John  S 453 

Lane,  Dr.  Dudley  W 457 

Lewis,  John  K 57' 

Long,  William  John 574 

Morrison,  Andrew  J 52,  586 

Mason,  William  Albert 60 

Mackenzie,  Miss  Constanrc 6£ 

Murphy,  Joseph  D 77 

Manning,  William  J 78 

Morton,  Dr.  Thomas  G 87 

Merchant,  Thomas  Edward 98 

Morgan,  Charles  E.,  Jr 100 

Marchment.  Thomas  W 104 

Mumford,  Mrs.  Mary  K 108 

Moore,    Henry 119 

Merchant,  Edward 123 

Mecutchen,  Samuel 132 

Maguire,  Nicholas  H 137 

Moyer,  John  W 180 

Mann.  Dr.  Joseph  L .231 

Murphy,  Joseph  D 239 

Maxwell,  Miss  Mary 245,  594 

Manning,  William  J 246 

Macfarlane,  Dr.  Andrew 257 

Muller,  Bernhard  c; '.    .  287 

Myers,  M.  Webster 357 

Murphy,  Robert  T 369 

Middleton,  Oscar  Newton 386 

Michener,  Charles  F 417 

Murray,  John  M 480 

Milligan,  William  J 480 

Michener,  Jesse  H 519 

Maguire,  William  F 520 

Moran,  William  J 532 

Mattern,  Dr.  Wm.  K —    .    .  563 

McMichael,  Morton 18 

MacAlister,  Dr.  James       ^3 

MacBean,  John  P.  .   .  ^ 492 

MacDonald,  William 549 

Mclntyre,  William no 


Page. 

McManus,  Mrs.  M.  A 236 

McXdam,  Dr.  A.  H 294 

McLaughlin.  William  H 331 

McLaughlin,  Robert  J. 347 

Nichols.  Edward 304 

Noon,  Thomas 510 

Neel,  Dr.  H.  A.  P 536 

Olwine,  Samuel  N 418 

Pollock,  William  J 109 

Peterson,  John  H 222 

Parker,  William  Henry 245,  594 

Piper,  Miss  Virginia  C 465 

Pollock,  William  J 479 

Pearce,  Albert 492 

Pattison,  Robert  E 57' 

Piper,  Miss  Virginia  C 580 

Peterson,  E.  H 644 

Peterson,  Carl  A 644 

Rhoads,  Joseph  R 114 

Ruff,  William  S 123 

Riche,  George  Innian 138 

Ritchie,  Mrs.  Josephine 228,  580 

Ramsey,  John  S.,  M.  D 262 

Rother,  Oscar  E 294 

Ridge,  Louis  A 309 

Ring,  William 373 

Roach,  Dr.  Walter 466 

Rodgers,  Dr.  Robert 510 

Rhoads,  James 519 

Randall,  Charles  A 589 

Rupp,  George  P 610 

Stevens,  Thaddeus 17 

Shippen,  Edward 24 

Stanton,  M.  Hall 28 

Steel,  Edward  T 30 

Sickel,  James  F.  C 53 

Singer,  Edward  .\rthur 56 

Schaeffer,  Dr.  Nathan  C 63 

Spangler,  Andrew  M 93 

Shallcross,  Thomas 115 

Sayre,  William  1 185 

Snyder,  John  F 246 

Sheeran,  Frank  P 258 

Shedaker,  Strickland  Kneass 265 

Scott,  Miss  S.  Matilda 269 

Stager,  Henry  John 30*1 

Sickel,  J.  ^"letcher 317 

Sheppard,  Isaac  A 318 

Shoyer,  Frederick  J 348 

Smith,  Henry  W 348 

Singer,  Charles  A 397 

Smedley,  Franklin 398 

Sides,  Jacob  H 405 

Scull,  Charles  Franklin 406 

Simmons,  John 429 

Stout,  Cieorge  H 439,  601 

Sherlock,  Hamilton  W 457 

Samuel,  William  H.,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D 491,589,  593 

Saul,  Charles  G 498 


674 


Page. 

Stout,  David   H 563.  587 

Spencer,  William  D 564 

Taylor,  Franklin 139 

Thompson,  Robert  Ellis i49 

Tadd.J.  Liberty 209 

Uppermaii,   Charles  A 332 

\'aiix,   Roberts 13 

V'anfleet,  Charles  H 118 

Van  Hoiiten,  George  J 44° 

X'anHeet,  Charles  H 564 


Wilson,  Dr.  Matthew  J 

Walton,  Rudolph  S 

Wright,  Richardson  L 

Wrigley,  William 

Wright,  Dr.  A.  T.  W 

Wight,  Dr.  John  G 

Willard,  James  Monroe 1M6, 

Widmayer,  C.  Augustus 

Whittington,  Henry  B 

Wood,  Thomas 

Wignall,  Charles  F ,    , 

Webster,  Albert 

Wallace,  Andrew  B 

Whittingham,  Ale.\ander  J 

Wallace,  Miss  Mary  .A 


Wright,  Miss  Mary 5^ 

Williams.  Dr.  Martin   Henry 92       Ziegler,  Dr.  W.  M.  L 


97 
99 

lOI 

1 12 
154 

175 
,S85 
25S 
277 
313 
332 
418 

479 
549 
59i> 

466 


675 


Index — Special  Mention 


Page. 

Wisler  &  Son,  I.  H 623 

Maynard,  Merrill  iNc  Co 624 

Olcott,  J.  M 624 

Friends'  Book  Association 624 

American  Book  Company 625 

McVey's  Book  Store 626 

Ginn  &  Co 626 

Christy  &  Son,  VV'm 626 

Burns,  David  R 627,  632 

Boswell,  William  R 628 

The  Security  Trust  and  Life  Insurance  Co 628 

United  Firemen's  Insurance  Co 628 

Sharpless  tt  Watts 629 

Butler  cSc  Co.,  E.  H 630 

Barnes  it  Co.,  A.  S 630 

Eggleston,   Rufus  E 630 

D'Olier  Electric  Company 631 

Gilbert  &  Bacon .' 632 

Artman-Treichler  Co.,  E.  R 632 

Keystone  Plaster  Co 633 

.Mount  Vernon  Institute  of  Elocution  and  Languages  .    .  634 

Sturts,  Ernest  H 634 

Poulson,  .Andrew  R 634 

Pancoast  Ventilator  Co.,  The 635 

Stewart,  George  W 636 

Pennsylvania  Gas  Fixture  Co 636 


Page, 

Schrack  &  Sherwood 636 

The  Teacher 637 

Castle  it  Heilman 637 

Gourley,  Samuel,  Jr 638 

Howell,  L.  0.,Jr 638 

McCarron,  John 638 

Borsch  it  Co.,  J.  L 639 

Parkview  Publishing  Co 639 

Benar,  S.  B 639 

Silver,  Burdett  ct  Company 639 

Shappell.J.  M 640 

McManus,  M 640 

Roberts,  Henry  R 640 

Knickerbocker  Lime  Co 640 

McCaul,  Charles 641 

Phillips  ct  Moon 642 

Whiting  Paper  Co 642 

Briggs,  A.  J. 642 

Eldredge  it  Bro 642 

Thompson   Bros 643 

Philadelphia  Institute 643 

Pierson,  Charles  L 643 

Jordan,  J.  H 644 

Peterson,  E.  H.  it  Co "  .    .    .  644 

School  Supply  Publishing  Co 644 

Burk  &  McFetridge  Co 645 


677 


Index — Classified 


BICYCl.ES.  <»AS  AND  KIjECTRIC  FIXTURES. 

Schrack  .Sc  Sherwood ^^^       Pennsylvania  c;as  Fixture  Co 636 

BUIIiDER  ANI>  REAIi  ESTATE  EXPERT.  HARDWARE,  TIN  AND  SHEET-IRON. 

Jordan,  J.  H ^44       Poulson,  Andrew  R 634 

CARPENTERS  AND    HUlliDERS.  HEATING  AND  VENTILATING. 

Christy  .Sc  Son,  Wm 626       ^^^^^^^  ^^^^.^  ^ ^27,    632 

Sturts,  Ernest  H 634       Thompson   Bros 643 

Stewart,  Geo.  W.  .    ■  036 

Gourley,Jr.,  Samuel                       638  HOUSE  AND  SIGN  PAINTER. 

McManus,  M 640       ^^appell,  J.  M 640 

McCaul,  Charles 041 

Pierson,  Charles  L ^43  INKS  AND  MUCILAGE. 

CARPETS,  Olli  CLOTH,  MATTING,  ETC.  Barnes  cSc  Co.,  A.  S                                                                         630 

Artman-TreichlerCo.,E.  R 632  INSURANCE.— FIRE. 

CHAIRS-HIGH  GRADE.  l'"*tefl  Firemen's  Insurance  Co 628 

Wisler  .Sc  Son,  I.  H 623  INSURANCE.— LIFE. 

CONTRACTORS  ^  ''^  Security  Trust  and  Life  Insurance  Co 62S 

Christy  it  Son,  Wm 626  LIMK. 

Burns,  David  R 627.    632       Knickerbocker  Lime  Co 640 

D'Olier  Electric  Co 631 

Sturts,  Ernest  H 634  MAPS  AND  GRADE- WORK. 

Stewart,  Geo.  W 636       y^g^^„_  ^,„    r 628 

Gourley,  Jr.,  Samuel 038 

McManus,  M 640  MERCHANT  TAUiORS. 

McCaul,  Charles 641        phjnips  &  Moon 642 

Thompson   Bros.    . 643       Peterson  &  Co.,  E.  H 644 

Pierson,  Charles  L 643 

NERVOUS  DISEASES. 
DECORATOR. 

_  ,   ,  .  o       Philadelphia  Institute 643 

McCarron,  John 030 

PHOTOGR  A  PH  ERS. 
DOOR  HANGERS,  CHECKS  AND  SPRINGS. 

Gilbert  ^  Bacon 632 

Benar,  S.  B 639 

PLASTER. 

EDUCATIONAL  JOURNALS.  „                 „,     ,       _                                                                         ,„ 

Keystone  Plaster  Co 033 

The  Teacher .  637 

Castle  &  Heilman 637  PLUMBING,  GAS  AND  STEAM  PITTING. 

ELECTRICAL  ENGINEERS.  Burns,  David  R 627,    632 

..      .„        .    ^  .  Howell,  Jr.,  L.  0 638 

D'Olier  Electric  Company 631 

ELOCUTION  AND  LANGUAGES.  PUBLISHERS. 

Mount  Vernon  Institute 634       Parkview  Publishing  Co 639 

Burk  &  McFetridge  Co 645 

ENGINEERS,    MANUFACTURERS   AND 

CONTRACTORS.  ROOFER. 

Thompson  Bros 643       Roberts,  Henry  R 640 

679 


P^ge  Page. 

8APKTY  SA8HKS.  Butler  .Sc. Co.,  E.  H 630 

Eggleston,   Riifus  K 630       Silver,  Burdetl  &  Company 639 

Eldredge  &  Bro 642 

SCHOOL  SUPPLIES, 

Friends'  Book  Association 624  TIIjKS  AND  MOSAIC  WORK. 

Olcott,  J.  M 624       sharjiless  cS:  Walts 620 

School  Supply  Publishing  Co 644 

SPECTACLES  AND  EYE  GliASSES.  ^  ENTILATOKS. 

B         ,    „    ^       ,    .  ^  The  Pancoast  Ventilator 6^s 

Borsch  »Sc  Co.,  J.  1 639  ■'^ 

TEXT-BOOKS.  WRITING  PAPER. 

Maynard,  Merrill  it  Co 624       Whiting  Paper  Co 642 

American  Book  Company 625 

Ginn8:Co 626  WROUGHT  IRON  AND  BRASS  AVORK. 

McVey's  Book  Store 626       Sharpless  cSc  Watts .629 


680 


iCr 


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